{"id":71293,"date":"2026-05-16T08:48:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-16T08:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/71293\/"},"modified":"2026-05-16T08:48:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T08:48:08","slug":"pomarance-aj-safran-v-kosiciach-uz-v-16-storoci-historik-odhaluje-zabudnute-pribehy-mesta-regiony-spravy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/71293\/","title":{"rendered":"Pomaran\u010de aj \u0161afran v Ko\u0161iciach u\u017e v 16. storo\u010d\u00ed. Historik odha\u013euje zabudnut\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy mesta – Regi\u00f3ny – Spr\u00e1vy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mesto Ko\u0161ice od stredoveku obklopovali vinice vlastnen\u00e9 me\u0161\u0165anmi. Z hrozna, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eilo na konzum\u00e1ciu, Ko\u0161i\u010dania vyr\u00e1bali v\u00edno a z neho sa stal d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd zdroj pr\u00edjmov mesta aj obyvate\u013eov.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\tMiklu\u0161ova v\u00e4znica v ko\u0161iciach \t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t \t\t\t Video \t<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\tHistorik V\u00fdchodoslovensk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea Richard Pap\u00e1\u010d pribl\u00ed\u017eil met\u00f3dy stredovekej tort\u00fary v ko\u0161ickej Miklu\u0161ovej v\u00e4znici. \t\t\t\t\/\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZdroj: TV Pravda\/Boris Macko \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

V\u00a0z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch v\u00a0meste a na predmest\u00ed r\u00e1stli ovocn\u00e9 stromy r\u00f4znych druhov. Pod\u013ea historika V\u00fdchodoslovensk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v\u00a0Ko\u0161iciach Richarda Pap\u00e1\u010da sa vinice rozprestierali predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z\u00e1padne od mesta na kopci dodnes \u013eudovo zvanom Fur\u010da (Furcsa), ktor\u00fd sa spom\u00edna u\u017e v\u00a0roku 1526, a takisto nad riekou Horn\u00e1d na Ko\u0161ickej hore smerom k\u00a0Novej Vsi (dnes Ko\u0161ick\u00e1 Nov\u00e1 Ves). Na Fur\u010di dnes stoj\u00ed s\u00eddlisko Dargovsk\u00fdch hrdinov, ktor\u00e9 tu bolo vybudovan\u00e9 koncom 70.\u00a0rokov.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0Fur\u010de smerom k\u00a0\u00fadoliu Horn\u00e1du bol v\u00a0dodnes zn\u00e1mej lokalite Slivn\u00edk p\u00e1s vin\u00edc, takisto spravovan\u00fd ko\u0161ick\u00fdmi me\u0161\u0165anmi. \u201e\u010eal\u0161ou v\u00fdznamnou lokalitou bol dne\u0161n\u00fd \u010cerven\u00fd breh, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj \u010cerven\u00fd vrch, situovan\u00fd severoz\u00e1padne od mesta. V\u00a0jeho bl\u00edzkosti, ne\u010faleko Kalv\u00e1rie, bol Ra\u010d\u00ed potok, severne od mesta pod dne\u0161nou Hradovou sa zasa nach\u00e1dzali vinice v\u00a0lokalite zvanej Chrastie (Terharazt) a v\u00a0roku 1566\u00a0sa dokonca spom\u00ednaj\u00fa vinice na Bankove. V\u0161etky tieto lokality boli orientovan\u00e9 smerom na juh a juhov\u00fdchod, ich slne\u010dn\u00e9 str\u00e1ne teda poskytovali dobr\u00e9 podmienky na pestovanie hrozna,\u201c vysvet\u013euje\u00a0Pap\u00e1\u010d.<\/p>\n

\u0160afran bol vz\u00e1cny aj v\u00a0minulosti<\/p>\n

Nebolo to v\u0161ak len o\u00a0hrozne. \u201eJu\u017ene od mesta, ne\u010faleko Doln\u00e9ho predmestia, bola tzv. V\u010delia z\u00e1hrada, spom\u00ednan\u00e1 u\u017e v\u00a0roku 1518, pravdepodobne miesto, kde sa nach\u00e1dzali v\u010del\u00edny v\u00a0spr\u00e1ve mesta. Tu sa st\u00e1\u010dal med, ktor\u00fd sa n\u00e1sledne priv\u00e1\u017eal do mesta do domu le\u017eiaceho v\u00a0z\u00e1padnej \u010dasti vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho mesta. N\u00e1sledne sa tu \u010falej spracov\u00e1val,\u201c op\u00edsal.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti V\u010delej z\u00e1hrady sa nach\u00e1dzala \u0160afranov\u00e1 z\u00e1hrada, kde sa pestoval \u0161afran sl\u00fa\u017eiaci ako korenina. P\u00f4vodn\u00e1, star\u00e1 \u0160afranov\u00e1 z\u00e1hrada le\u017eala pri \u0160ibeni\u010dnom kopci, dnes vo v\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti s\u00eddliska \u017delezn\u00edky, nesk\u00f4r bola aj z\u00a0praktick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov zriaden\u00e1 bli\u017e\u0161ie k\u00a0mestu,\u201c spom\u00edna historik \u010fal\u0161ie zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 komodity.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u0160afranov\u00e1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\tFoto: V\u00fdchodoslovensk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v Ko\u0161iciach \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\tStredovek Kosice ovocie 3 \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0160afranov\u00e1 z\u00e1hrada v bl\u00edzkosti Doln\u00e9ho predmestia na v\u00fdreze z Homolkovho pl\u00e1nu z roku 1869. \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

Tie neboli v\u017edy predmetom z\u00e1ujmu len u\u00a0poctiv\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. \u201e\u0160afran bol vz\u00e1cnou rastlinou, a tak sa neraz stal d\u00f4vodom kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed, ako napr\u00edklad v\u00a0roku 1595, ke\u010f ho ukradol Jakub Koksy spolu so svojou man\u017eelkou. Podobne aj v\u00a0roku 1632, ke\u010f bol Pavol Czos za svoje kr\u00e1de\u017ee, okrem in\u00e9ho aj \u0161afranu, s\u0165at\u00fd me\u010dom. V\u00a0roku 1603\u00a0\u017eiadal obyvate\u013e predmestia Mikul\u00e1\u0161 N\u00e9meth mestsk\u00fa radu o\u00a0povolenie pred\u00e1va\u0165 \u0161afran na miestnom t\u00fd\u017edennom trhu. N\u00e1zov \u0160afranov\u00e1 z\u00e1hrada napriek tomu, \u017ee sa tam u\u017e \u0161afran nepestoval, pretrval do za\u010diatku 20.\u00a0storo\u010dia,\u201c pribl\u00ed\u017eil\u00a0Pap\u00e1\u010d.<\/p>\n

Azda najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ou plodinou pestovanou v\u00a0meste a na predmestiach bolo u\u017e pred st\u00e1ro\u010diami ovocie a pr\u00e1ve ovocn\u00e9 stromy tvorili v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 z\u00e1hrad a sadov. Pestovali sa jablk\u00e1, hru\u0161ky, slivky, \u010dere\u0161ne, jahody a \u010fal\u0161ie plodiny, ktor\u00e9 sa potom pred\u00e1vali na\u00a0trhu.<\/p>\n

\u201eE\u0161te v\u00a0polovici 19.\u00a0storo\u010dia sa, ako uv\u00e1dza Plathova kronika, na ko\u0161ickom trhu pred\u00e1vali vych\u00fdren\u00e9 \u010dere\u0161ne. Napr\u00edklad v\u00a0roku 1574\u00a0sa v\u00a0polohe nad Horn\u00e1dom spom\u00edna slivkov\u00fd sad (pflaumengrund). V\u00a0roku 1565\u00a0sa pri ovocnom strome na predmest\u00ed zasa odohrala h\u00e1dka dvoch chlapcov kv\u00f4li ovociu, ktor\u00e1 sa skon\u010dila tragicky,\u201c podotkol historik.<\/p>\n

Podpultov\u00e9 pomaran\u010de u\u017e v\u00a016.\u00a0storo\u010d\u00ed<\/p>\n

Len pre zauj\u00edmavos\u0165, ovocn\u00e9 stromy podliehali ochrane, ich po\u0161kodenie alebo v\u00fdrub boli mestsk\u00fdmi org\u00e1nmi trestan\u00e9 r\u00f4znymi formami trestov, od finan\u010dn\u00fdch pok\u00fat a\u017e po najtvrd\u0161ie tresty. \u201eFranti\u0161ek Aurifaber bol v\u00a0roku 1560\u00a0pokutovan\u00fd 10\u00a0zlat\u00fdmi za to, \u017ee v\u00a0z\u00e1hrade svojho suseda Valent\u00edna T\u00f3tha po\u0161kodil 25\u00a0ovocn\u00fdch stromov,\u201c ilustroval Pap\u00e1\u010d pr\u00edsnu ochranu ovocn\u00fdch stromov zo z\u00e1znamov v\u00a0kronik\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00a0roku 1574\u00a0bol Vavrinec Kvaka, zvan\u00fd Slivka (Zlyuka), vy\u0161etrovan\u00fd kv\u00f4li napadnutiu, kr\u00e1de\u017eiam a po\u0161kodeniu a zni\u010deniu ovocn\u00fdch stromov a kr\u00edkov. Za v\u0161etky spom\u00ednan\u00e9 delikty bol ods\u00faden\u00fd na obesenie na \u0161ibenici. In\u00fd Vavrinec, syn majstra Benedikta Belseia, bol v\u00a0roku 1576\u00a0okrem in\u00fdch previnen\u00ed obvinen\u00fd aj z\u00a0toho, \u017ee z\u00a0cudz\u00edch z\u00e1hrad od kore\u0148a vytrhal v\u0161etky cyprusy (cupressum), ktor\u00e9 potom daroval mnoh\u00fdm diev\u010dat\u00e1m. Za trest bol uv\u00e4znen\u00fd a zbi\u010dovan\u00fd, n\u00e1sledne mu bol darovan\u00fd \u017eivot pod podmienkou, \u017ee sa u\u017e podobn\u00fdch skutkov nedopust\u00ed,\u201c pokra\u010doval.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"V\u00fdrez \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\tFoto: Richard Pap\u00e1\u010d \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\tStredovek Kosice ovocie 1 \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV\u00fdrez pl\u00e1nu Ko\u0161\u00edc a okolia s \u00fazem\u00edm severne od mesta na pl\u00e1ne Prv\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapovania z rokov 1782 – 1786. Pl\u00e1n upraven\u00fd Ing. Jurajom Bauerom. \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

Mimochodom, zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj zauj\u00edmavosti, ktor\u00e9 by dne\u0161n\u00fd \u010dlovek ne\u010dakal. \u201eZ\u00a0roku 1590\u00a0poch\u00e1dza kuri\u00f3zna zmienka o\u00a0v\u00fdskyte pomaran\u010dov v\u00a0Ko\u0161iciach. V\u00a0tomto roku priniesol Juraj Kalmar svojmu pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9mu J\u00e1novi debni\u010dku pomaran\u010dov (pomeranzen), teda exotick\u00e9 ovocie sa v\u00a0Ko\u0161iciach vyskytovalo u\u017e v\u00a016.\u00a0storo\u010d\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0t\u00fdchto lokal\u00edt vo forme chot\u00e1rnych \u010di miestnych n\u00e1zvov pretrvali dodnes a s\u00fa dokladom bohatej hospod\u00e1rskej z\u00e1kladne Ko\u0161\u00edc,\u201c uzavrel historik s\u00a0t\u00fdm, \u017ee taktie\u017e plodiny pestovan\u00e9 v\u00a0meste a okol\u00ed sa stali vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00fdm tovarom, ktor\u00fd sa napr\u00edklad v\u00a0pr\u00edpade v\u00edna vyv\u00e1\u017eal aj do severne polo\u017een\u00fdch stol\u00edc, kde sa vini\u010d neuchytil.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mesto Ko\u0161ice od stredoveku obklopovali vinice vlastnen\u00e9 me\u0161\u0165anmi. Z hrozna, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eilo na konzum\u00e1ciu, Ko\u0161i\u010dania vyr\u00e1bali v\u00edno a…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":71294,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[22],"tags":[137,27101,27103,27104,43,40,39,42,41,14617,27102],"class_list":["post-71293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-kosice","tag-kosice","tag-plodiny","tag-pomarance","tag-safran","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovakia","tag-slovencina","tag-slovensko","tag-stredovek","tag-vinic"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116583393357023933","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71293\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}