{"id":78152,"date":"2026-05-23T17:28:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T17:28:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/78152\/"},"modified":"2026-05-23T17:28:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T17:28:08","slug":"nastupca-medi-je-blizsie-nez-sa-zdalo-klasicke-kable-mozu-nahradit-lahke-uhlikove-nanovlakna-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/78152\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1stupca medi je bli\u017e\u0161ie, ne\u017e sa zdalo. Klasick\u00e9 k\u00e1ble m\u00f4\u017eu nahradi\u0165 \u013eahk\u00e9 uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 nanovl\u00e1kna | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Me\u010f sa desa\u0165ro\u010dia javila ako prakticky nedotknute\u013en\u00fd z\u00e1klad elektrick\u00fdch k\u00e1blov. N\u00e1jde\u0161 ju v elektromobiloch, lietadl\u00e1ch, d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch aj energetick\u00fdch sie\u0165ach. M\u00e1 v\u0161ak jeden probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd za\u010d\u00edna \u010doraz viac brzdi\u0165 modern\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, hmotnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve preto vyvolal nov\u00fd v\u00fdskum zo \u0161panielskeho IMDEA Materials Institute<\/a> tak\u00fd rozruch. Vedcom sa toti\u017e podarilo vytvori\u0165 uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna<\/a> z uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch nanor\u00farok (CNT fibres), ktor\u00e9 dosiahli elektrick\u00fa vodivos\u0165 porovnate\u013en\u00fa s me\u010fou a hlin\u00edkom, no pri v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161ej hmotnosti.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejde len o laborat\u00f3rny experiment, v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom sa podarilo dosiahnu\u0165 parametre, ktor\u00e9 otv\u00e1raj\u00fa dvere k priemyselnej adapt\u00e1cii. Uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 nanor\u00farky vedci sk\u00famali u\u017e roky. Teoreticky vyzerali ide\u00e1lne, hlavne kv\u00f4li ich extr\u00e9mnej pevnosti, n\u00edzkej hmotnosti a schopnosti vies\u0165 elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad. Vodivos\u0165 v\u0161ak bola pr\u00e1ve t\u00fdm faktorom, ktor\u00fd ich brzdil od uplatnenia v praxi. nanor\u00farky s\u00edce dok\u00e1zali vies\u0165 elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad, no klasick\u00e1 me\u010f to zvl\u00e1dla ove\u013ea lep\u0161ie za men\u0161ie peniaze. Teraz sa za\u010d\u00edna karta obraca\u0165.<\/p>\n

Obohatenie uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch nanor\u00farok prinieslo v\u00fdrazn\u00fd skok vo vodivosti<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci pou\u017eili interkal\u00e1ciu v plynnej f\u00e1ze, pri\u010dom ide chemick\u00e9 vylep\u0161enie nanor\u00farok pomocou tetrachl\u00f3ralumin\u00e1tu (AlCl4). T\u00e1to l\u00e1tka funguje ako dopant, materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd dramaticky zlep\u0161\u00ed schopnos\u0165 vies\u0165 elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie v\u0161ak je, \u017ee vedci nepo\u0161kodili samotn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru nanor\u00farok. Ani\u00f3ny AlCl4 prenikli priamo medzi vysoko usporiadan\u00e9 zv\u00e4zky nanor\u00farok bez toho, aby roztrhali uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 v\u00e4zby.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edciZdroj: Unsplash (Frankie Lopez, CALITORE), \u00daprava: Vosveteit.sk<\/a><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve to bol roky z\u00e1sadn\u00fd probl\u00e9m podobn\u00fdch experimentov. Mnoh\u00e9 dopanty s\u00edce zv\u00fd\u0161ili vodivos\u0165, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslabili materi\u00e1l<\/a> alebo dramaticky zv\u00fd\u0161ili jeho hmotnos\u0165, tu sa podarilo zachova\u0165 oboje.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
\n <\/p>\n

\"notebook\"notebook <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tPred k\u00fapou notebooku si skontroluj, \u010di m\u00e1 tieto v\u0161etky porty. Inak to m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 nesk\u00f4r o\u013eutova\u0165 <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Vo v\u00fdsledku dok\u00e1zali v\u00fdskumn\u00edci zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 vodivos\u0165 CNT vl\u00e1kien o viac ako sedemn\u00e1sobok, v porovnan\u00ed s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi verziami. V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 vodivos\u0165 ich materi\u00e1lu dosiahla 24,5 MS\/m (MegaSiemens na meter), teda pribli\u017ene polovicu vodivosti medi. Je to s\u00edce men\u0161ia vodivos\u0165, ak\u00fa dosahuje me\u010f, no rozhoduj\u00facim faktorom je to, \u017ee CNT vl\u00e1kna s\u00fa \u0161es\u0165kr\u00e1t \u013eah\u0161ie. Vedci toti\u017e nehodnotia iba absol\u00fatnu vodivos\u0165, ale aj tzv. mern\u00fa alebo \u0161pecifick\u00fa vodivos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 berie do \u00favahy pomer v\u00fdkonu ku hmotnosti materi\u00e1lu. <\/p>\n

V tomto pr\u00edpade nov\u00e9 CNT vl\u00e1kna prekon\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010dist\u00fa me\u010f.<\/p>\n

To je obrovsky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre priemysel, preto\u017ee v elektromobiloch, lietadl\u00e1ch alebo dronoch rozhoduje ka\u017ed\u00fd kilogram. \u013dah\u0161ie k\u00e1ble znamenaj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161iu spotrebu energie, dlh\u0161\u00ed dolet alebo viac priestoru pre bat\u00e9rie a n\u00e1klad.<\/p>\n

\u201ePrv\u00fdkr\u00e1t sme dosiahli v\u00fdkon, ktor\u00fd pon\u00faka realistick\u00fa priemyseln\u00fa alternat\u00edvu ku klasick\u00fdm vodiv\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom,\u201c uviedol v\u00fdskumn\u00edk Juan Jos\u00e9 Vilatel z IMDEA Materials.<\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eitie nie je len v doprave, ale aj energetike a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch sektoroch<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd objav v\u00fdskumn\u00edci opisuj\u00fa ako historick\u00fd, preto\u017ee jeho potenci\u00e1l sa neukr\u00fdva len v doprave. Vedci tvrdia, \u017ee nov\u00e9 CNT k\u00e1ble by mohli by\u0165 a\u017e p\u00e4\u0165kr\u00e1t pevnej\u0161ie v \u0165ahu ne\u017e klasick\u00e9 meden\u00e9 alebo hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 vedenia, pri\u010dom by v\u00e1\u017eili pribli\u017ene polovicu. Uplatnenie teda m\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1js\u0165 aj v energetike, kde nadzemn\u00e9 vedenia limituje ich vlastn\u00e1 hmotnos\u0165. Ak je k\u00e1bel \u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00ed, potrebuje hustej\u0161iu sie\u0165 sto\u017eiarov, ktor\u00e1 by ho podporovala, napr\u00edklad pri silnom vetre alebo n\u00e1mraze.<\/p>\n

Ak by k\u00e1bel zvl\u00e1dol n\u00e1sobne vy\u0161\u0161ie nap\u00e4tie v \u0165ahu pri ni\u017e\u0161ej hmotnosti, energetick\u00e9 siete by mohli stava\u0165 dlh\u0161ie rozp\u00e4tia medzi sto\u017eiarmi a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 celkov\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. \u010eal\u0161ou mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eitou vlastnos\u0165ou je \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n

To je z\u00e1sadn\u00fd rozdiel oproti mnoh\u00fdm star\u0161\u00edm experimentom s nanomateri\u00e1lmi, ktor\u00e9 vyzerali fantasticky na papieri, ale praktick\u00e1 v\u00fdroba vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om objeme zlyhala.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edciZdroj: Unsplash (Jorge Salvador)<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eUk\u00e1zali sme, \u017ee interkal\u00e1cia v plynnej f\u00e1ze dok\u00e1\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 vodivos\u0165 komer\u010dn\u00fdch CNT vl\u00e1kien v\u00fdrazne nad ich doteraj\u0161\u00ed strop,\u201c hovor\u00ed ved\u00faca pr\u00e1ce, Ana In\u00e9s de Isidro G\u00f3mez.<\/p>\n

To e\u0161te automaticky neznamen\u00e1 koniec medi. Me\u010f zost\u00e1va lacn\u00e1, overen\u00e1 a masovo dostupn\u00e1. Nov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly bud\u00fa musie\u0165 prejs\u0165 rokmi testovania, kontroly stability a ekonomick\u00fdch anal\u00fdz.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd materi\u00e1l ale m\u00f4\u017ee predstavova\u0165 bod, v ktorom elektrifik\u00e1cia dopravy<\/a> a energetiky vstupuje do novej f\u00e1zy. V r\u00e1mci nej sa u\u017e neza\u010dne rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 len o nov\u00fdch bat\u00e9ri\u00e1ch alebo motoroch, no v\u00fdmena k\u00e1blov za \u013eah\u0161ie m\u00f4\u017ee predstavova\u0165 prudk\u00fd skok vo v\u00fdkone elektrick\u00fdch vozidiel.<\/p>\n


\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n P\u00e1\u010dil sa v\u00e1m \u010dl\u00e1nok? Sledujte n\u00e1s na Facebooku
\n
\n <\/a> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Me\u010f sa desa\u0165ro\u010dia javila ako prakticky nedotknute\u013en\u00fd z\u00e1klad elektrick\u00fdch k\u00e1blov. N\u00e1jde\u0161 ju v elektromobiloch, lietadl\u00e1ch, d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch aj…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":78153,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[32],"tags":[28977,373,28978,736,34,37,16999,6639,14470,28979,28980,33,28981,43,40,39,42,41,36,38,35,28982,28983],"class_list":["post-78152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-spravy","tag-cnt-vlakna","tag-doprava","tag-droty","tag-elektrina","tag-headlines","tag-hlavne-spravy","tag-hmotnost","tag-kable","tag-med","tag-nahrada-medi","tag-nanorurky","tag-news","tag-rozvodne-siete","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovakia","tag-slovencina","tag-slovensko","tag-spravy","tag-titulky","tag-top-stories","tag-uhlik","tag-vodivost"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116625074180937812","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78152"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78152\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78153"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}