{"id":82630,"date":"2026-05-28T15:57:09","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T15:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/82630\/"},"modified":"2026-05-28T15:57:09","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T15:57:09","slug":"video-vedci-vytvorili-miniaturneho-robota-ktory-moze-operovat-priamo-v-tele-meria-len-par-milimetrov-a-funguje-bez-baterie-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/82630\/","title":{"rendered":"VIDEO: Vedci vytvorili miniat\u00farneho robota, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee operova\u0165 priamo v tele. Meria len p\u00e1r milimetrov a funguje bez bat\u00e9rie | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vedci zo singapurskej Nanyang Technological University<\/a> predstavili miniat\u00farneho robota, ktor\u00fd meria iba nieko\u013eko milimetrov, no zvl\u00e1dne viacero chirurgick\u00fdch \u00faloh priamo vo vn\u00fatri tela. Tento drobn\u00fd stroj dok\u00e1\u017ee reza\u0165 tkanivo, pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 lieky, odobera\u0165 vzorky \u010di vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 lok\u00e1lne teplo. Vedci ho ovl\u00e1daj\u00fa bezdr\u00f4tovo pomocou magnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd koncept pritom okam\u017eite pripomenie star\u00e9 sci-fi filmy. U\u017e v roku 1966 pri\u0161iel film Fantastic Voyage, v ktorom zmen\u0161en\u00e1 ponorka cestovala cievnym syst\u00e9mom pacienta. O dve desa\u0165ro\u010dia nesk\u00f4r podobn\u00fd mot\u00edv vyu\u017eil aj film Innerspace. To, \u010do kedysi patrilo \u010disto do sveta vedeckej fantastiky, dnes za\u010dalo pomaly prenika\u0165 do re\u00e1lnej medic\u00edny.<\/p>\n

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Prototyp moment\u00e1lne meria 4,4 milimetra, no v\u00fdskumn\u00edci u\u017e vyrobili aj men\u0161ie verzie s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou pribli\u017ene 1,5 milimetra. Cel\u00fd robot pritom p\u00f4sob\u00ed sk\u00f4r ako drobn\u00fd hmyz ne\u017e chirurgick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj. Napriek rozmerom v\u0161ak zvl\u00e1dol \u00falohy, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina podobn\u00fdch mikrorobotov nezvl\u00e1dla v jednom zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina magnetick\u00fdch robotov zvl\u00e1dne iba jednu funkciu. Niektor\u00e9 dve. N\u00e1\u0161 ich zvl\u00e1dol p\u00e4\u0165,\u201c vysvetlil profesor Guo Zhan Lum z NTU.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve po\u010det funkci\u00ed patr\u00ed medzi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie prekvapenia cel\u00e9ho projektu. Robot toti\u017e nielen cestuje cez komplikovan\u00e9 prostredie, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 men\u00ed svoje \u201en\u00e1stroje\u201c pod\u013ea potreby. V jednom momente vysunie drobn\u00fa \u010depe\u013e na rezanie tkaniva, o chv\u00ed\u013eu nesk\u00f4r uchop\u00ed biologick\u00fa vzorku alebo uvo\u013en\u00ed liek<\/a> priamo na cie\u013eov\u00e9 miesto.<\/p>\n

Vedci vyv\u00edjali technol\u00f3giu pribli\u017ene p\u00e4tn\u00e1s\u0165 rokov. Lum sa po\u010das doktorandsk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fadia venoval miniat\u00farnej robotike, no nesk\u00f4r presunul pozornos\u0165 smerom k medic\u00edne. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m toti\u017e nespo\u010d\u00edval iba v zmen\u0161en\u00ed robota. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci potrebovali zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby sa drobn\u00fd stroj pohyboval cez nerovn\u00fd povrch vo vn\u00fatri tela a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vykonal viacero presn\u00fdch \u00faloh.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
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\"Samsung\"Samsung <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tTieto nov\u00e9 funkcie v Samsung telef\u00f3noch ti pom\u00f4\u017eu ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00fakromie. Cudz\u00ed \u010dlovek ved\u013ea teba u\u017e len tak neuvid\u00ed, \u010do rob\u00ed\u0161 na mobile <\/p>\n

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Pr\u00e1ve tu nar\u00e1\u017eali star\u0161ie syst\u00e9my na limity. Magnetick\u00e9 pole pri mal\u00fdch robotoch zvy\u010dajne p\u00f4sob\u00ed na cel\u00e9 zariadenie naraz. Robot sa preto spr\u00e1va ako jeden kus kovu s jedin\u00fdm typom pohybu. Ak vedci chceli aktivova\u0165 jednu \u010das\u0165, \u010dasto rozh\u00fdbali cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci\"V\u00fdskumn\u00edciZdroj: Nanyang Technological University<\/a>
\nMikroskopick\u00fd robot pracuje \u0161ikovne s magnetick\u00fdmi poliami<\/p>\n

T\u00edm z NTU probl\u00e9m obi\u0161iel netradi\u010dn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Robot nenavrhol ako jeden celok, ale ako s\u00e9riu drobn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed s rozdielnym spr\u00e1van\u00edm. Niektor\u00e9 komponenty reaguj\u00fa iba pri ur\u010ditom type magnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea, zatia\u013e \u010do ostatn\u00e9 zostan\u00fa stabiln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd detail je aj samotn\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie. Robot<\/a> v sebe nenos\u00ed \u017eiadnu bat\u00e9riu ani motor. Pr\u00e1ve tie by toti\u017e pri takto mal\u00fdch rozmeroch v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161ili hmotnos\u0165 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 by predstavovali bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 riziko vo vn\u00fatri tela. Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u010derp\u00e1 energiu bezdr\u00f4tovo z magnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea okolo pacienta. Rovnak\u00e9 pole z\u00e1rove\u0148 riadi pohyb aj aktiv\u00e1ciu jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov.<\/p>\n

V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee robot sa m\u00f4\u017ee pohybova\u0165 bez toho, aby vysunul \u010depe\u013e, alebo odobra\u0165 vzorku bez nechcen\u00e9ho pohybu ostatn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed. Vedci cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m prirovnali sk\u00f4r k miniat\u00farnemu mechanick\u00e9mu stroju ne\u017e ku klasick\u00e9mu magnetick\u00e9mu robotovi.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu zohrala aj samotn\u00e1 geometria zariadenia. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci rozlo\u017eili magnetick\u00e9 prvky tak, aby sa niektor\u00e9 sily navz\u00e1jom ru\u0161ili a in\u00e9 zosilnili. V\u010faka tomu z\u00edskali nad robotom presnej\u0161iu kontrolu.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u010faka symetrii a n\u00e1\u0161mu syst\u00e9mu preprogramovania sme oddelili pohyb od jednotliv\u00fdch funkci\u00ed,\u201c uviedli spoluautori \u0161t\u00fadie Chelsea Ng Shan Xian, Yeoh Yu Xuan a Nicholas Yong Wei Foo.<\/p>\n

Robot zvl\u00e1dol dva typy pohybu. Po nerovnom povrchu liezol pomocou takzvan\u00e9ho dvojkotvov\u00e9ho pohybu, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa dok\u00e1zal nepretr\u017eite kot\u00fa\u013ea\u0165. T\u00e1to kombin\u00e1cia mu umo\u017enila lep\u0161ie prekon\u00e1va\u0165 prek\u00e1\u017eky a \u00fazke priestory.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve tu sa ukazuje, ako by podobn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia mohla raz vyzera\u0165 v praxi. Predstavi\u0165 si m\u00f4\u017eeme napr\u00edklad pacienta s podozren\u00edm na n\u00e1dor v hlbokej \u010dasti mozgu. Namiesto ve\u013ekej oper\u00e1cie by lek\u00e1r zaviedol mikrorobota cez cievu v slabine. Robot by sa n\u00e1sledne dostal a\u017e k podozriv\u00e9mu tkanivu, miniat\u00farnou \u010depe\u013eou odrezal vzorku, ulo\u017eil ju do vlastnej schr\u00e1nky a vr\u00e1til sa sp\u00e4\u0165. Lek\u00e1ri by z\u00edskali materi\u00e1l na biopsiu bez klasick\u00e9ho chirurgick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kroku.<\/p>\n

Testy uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee robot zvl\u00e1dne fungova\u0165 v tele<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci testovali zariadenie na biologick\u00fdch modeloch vr\u00e1tane kuracej pe\u010dene a m\u00e4kk\u00fdch \u017eelat\u00ednov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 napodobnili \u013eudsk\u00e9 tkanivo. Robot \u00faspe\u0161ne prerezal m\u00e4kk\u00e9 tkanivo, uchopil biologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l aj preniesol vzorky.<\/p>\n

Jedna z najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00edch funkci\u00ed s\u00favis\u00ed s vytv\u00e1ran\u00edm tepla. Vedci vystavili robota vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00e9mu magnetick\u00e9mu po\u013eu, \u010d\u00edm aktivovali lok\u00e1lne zahrievanie materi\u00e1lu vo vn\u00fatri zariadenia. Podobn\u00fd princ\u00edp dnes sk\u00famaj\u00fa aj niektor\u00e9 experiment\u00e1lne terapie rakoviny<\/a>, pri ktor\u00fdch lek\u00e1ri zahrievaj\u00fa n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bunky.<\/p>\n

T\u00edm sa venoval aj bezpe\u010dnosti. Vedci vystavili \u017eiv\u00e9 bunky materi\u00e1lom pou\u017eit\u00fdm v robote a n\u00e1sledne sledovali ich pre\u017eitie. Po testoch zostalo \u017eivotaschopn\u00fdch viac ne\u017e 99 percent buniek. Robot si z\u00e1rove\u0148 udr\u017eal stabilitu aj po stovke cyklov magnetiz\u00e1cie a demagnetiz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Vedci musia vyrie\u0161i\u0165, ako sa robot bude spr\u00e1va\u0165 pri silnej\u0161om pr\u00fade krvi a \u010fal\u0161ie komplik\u00e1cie<\/p>\n

Napriek tomu \u010dak\u00e1 technol\u00f3giu e\u0161te mno\u017estvo prek\u00e1\u017eok. Laborat\u00f3rne prostredie je toti\u017e v\u00fdrazne jednoduch\u0161ie ne\u017e \u017eiv\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 telo. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci zatia\u013e napr\u00edklad netestovali, ako si robot porad\u00ed so siln\u00fdm prietokom krvi v tepn\u00e1ch. Turbulentn\u00fd pr\u00fad by mohol drobn\u00fd syst\u00e9m odkloni\u0165 alebo \u00faplne odplavi\u0165.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m s\u00favis\u00ed so zobrazovan\u00edm. Chirurg mus\u00ed po\u010das z\u00e1kroku presne vidie\u0165, kde sa robot nach\u00e1dza a \u010do pr\u00e1ve rob\u00ed. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 zobrazovacie technol\u00f3gie ako MRI alebo CT v\u0161ak maj\u00fa probl\u00e9m sledova\u0165 takto mal\u00e9 objekty v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase s dostato\u010dn\u00fdm rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm. T\u00edm z NTU u\u017e pracuje na prepojen\u00ed robota s pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi zobrazovac\u00edmi syst\u00e9mami, no ide o jednu z naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed cel\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja.<\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1znik vis\u00ed aj nad kr\u00edzov\u00fdmi scen\u00e1rmi. Vedci zatia\u013e detailne nevysvetlili, \u010do by sa stalo pri zlyhan\u00ed syst\u00e9mu alebo zaseknut\u00ed robota vo vn\u00fatri tela. Nie je jasn\u00e9, \u010di bud\u00fa bud\u00face verzie biologicky rozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9, alebo by lek\u00e1ri museli zariadenie odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 klasick\u00fdm z\u00e1krokom.<\/p>\n

\u201eChceme pochopi\u0165, ako by chirurgovia tieto syst\u00e9my re\u00e1lne pou\u017e\u00edvali. To je \u010fal\u0161\u00ed krok,\u201c povedal Lum.<\/p>\n

Technol\u00f3gia zatia\u013e zostala vo f\u00e1ze laborat\u00f3rneho v\u00fdskumu, no v\u00fdvoj mikrorobotov sa za posledn\u00e9 roky v\u00fdrazne zr\u00fdchlil. Dnes u\u017e prv\u00e9 prototypy re\u00e1lne re\u017e\u00fa tkanivo, pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa lieky a pohybuj\u00fa sa cez prostredie, ktor\u00e9 kedysi patrilo iba do sveta fant\u00e1zie.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vedci zo singapurskej Nanyang Technological University predstavili miniat\u00farneho robota, ktor\u00fd meria iba nieko\u013eko milimetrov, no zvl\u00e1dne viacero chirurgick\u00fdch…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82631,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[11706,30144,30145,5975,30146,33,30147,30148,30149,4605,43,40,42,36,50,903,49,48],"class_list":["post-82630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-clovek","tag-lekarsky-robot-vo-vnutri-tela","tag-lekarstvo","tag-medicina","tag-miniaturny-robot","tag-news","tag-novy-lekarsky-robot","tag-odoberanie-vzoriek","tag-podavanie-liekov","tag-robot","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-technologie","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116653027812252225","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82630","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82630"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82630\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}