PRAHA – Himal\u00e1jsky \u0161trk\u00e1\u010dovec Gloydius himalayanus, zn\u00e1my ako himal\u00e1jska vretenica, ktor\u00fd bol dlho pova\u017eovan\u00fd za jeden \u0161iroko roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd druh, v skuto\u010dnosti predstavuje komplex piatich evolu\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00edni\u00ed. Tri z nich veda doteraz nepoznala. Dve poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z \u00fazemia Pakistanu a jedna z Nep\u00e1lu. Vypl\u00fdva to zo \u0161t\u00fadie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho t\u00edmu publikovanej v \u010dasopise ZooKeys, o ktorej \u010cTK informoval Daniel Jablonski z Univerzity Komensk\u00e9ho v Bratislave.<\/p>\n
Vedci k objavu dospeli v\u010faka prepojeniu novo nazbieran\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu s DNA, ktor\u00fa z\u00edskali z m\u00fazejn\u00fdch exempl\u00e1rov z 19. a za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia. Himal\u00e1jska vretenica dok\u00e1\u017ee pre\u017ei\u0165 v nadmorsk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kach a\u017e 4900 metrov a ob\u00fdva horsk\u00e9 oblasti ju\u017en\u00fdch svahov Himal\u00e1j\u00ed.\u00a0\u201eKombin\u00e1ciou modern\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nneho zberu vzoriek z Himal\u00e1j\u00ed a Hind\u00faku\u0161a spolu s \u00fadajmi z historick\u00fdch m\u00fazejn\u00fdch exempl\u00e1rov sme odhalili evolu\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00ednie, ktor\u00e9 zost\u00e1vali skryt\u00e9 viac ako storo\u010die po p\u00f4vodnom opise himal\u00e1jskej vretenice,\u201c uviedol Jablonski, ktor\u00fd u\u017e mnoho rokov vykon\u00e1va rozsiahly v\u00fdskum v Pakistane a Afganistane. Gloydius himalayanus bol prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t op\u00edsan\u00fd v roku 1864.<\/p>\n
D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 objavu tak mali vedci dlh\u00e9 roky priamo pred o\u010dami. \u201eAle jednoducho sme nemali n\u00e1stroje na to, aby sme to dok\u00e1zali rozpozna\u0165. M\u00fazejn\u00e9 exempl\u00e1re nie s\u00fa len z\u00e1znamami o minulosti, ale mo\u017eno ich akt\u00edvne vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje,\u201c poznamenala Sylvia Hofmannov\u00e1 z pr\u00edrodovedn\u00e9ho M\u00fazea Koenig v nemeckom Bonne, ktor\u00e1 sa v posledn\u00fdch 20 rokoch intenz\u00edvne venovala v\u00fdskumu v Himal\u00e1jach a na Tibetskej n\u00e1hornej plo\u0161ine.<\/p>\n
Exempl\u00e1re dodnes pom\u00e1haj\u00fa v modernom v\u00fdskume<\/p>\n
\u0160t\u00fadia zd\u00f4raznila trval\u00fa vedeck\u00fa hodnotu pr\u00edrodovedn\u00fdch zbierok. Exempl\u00e1re, ktor\u00e9 zhroma\u017edili predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face gener\u00e1cie prieskumn\u00edkov, vedcom dodnes pom\u00e1haj\u00fa v modernom v\u00fdskume. \u201eS t\u00fdm, ako sa analytick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy neust\u00e1le zdokona\u013euj\u00fa, bude vedeck\u00e1 hodnota t\u00fdchto zbierok len narasta\u0165 a odha\u013eova\u0165 biologick\u00fa rozmanitos\u0165, o ktorej sme ani nevedeli, \u017ee existuje,\u201c doplnila Hofmannov\u00e1.<\/p>\n
\u0160t\u00fadia z\u00e1rove\u0148 upozornila na to, ko\u013eko neobjaven\u00fdch poznatkov st\u00e1le le\u017e\u00ed v oblastiach, ktor\u00e9 boli pre vedcov dlho \u0165a\u017eko pr\u00edstupn\u00e9. \u201eVysok\u00e9 hory Pakistanu s\u00fa st\u00e1le pln\u00e9 biologick\u00fdch prekvapen\u00ed,\u201c zhodnotil Rafakat Masr\u00far z Pakistansk\u00e9ho pr\u00edrodovedn\u00e9ho m\u00fazea, ktor\u00fd je popredn\u00fdm odborn\u00edkom na plazy a oboj\u017eiveln\u00edky v krajine. Pohoria Himal\u00e1je a Hind\u00faku\u0161 patria k vedecky najmenej presk\u00faman\u00fdm horsk\u00fdm oblastiam \u00c1zie. Z\u00e1stupcovia herpetofauny, ktor\u00e1 sa sklad\u00e1 z plazov a oboj\u017eiveln\u00edkov, zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa v ekosyst\u00e9me d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu, najm\u00e4 ako ukazovatele stavu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia alebo ako pred\u00e1tory pri huben\u00ed \u0161kodcov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"PRAHA – Himal\u00e1jsky \u0161trk\u00e1\u010dovec Gloydius himalayanus, zn\u00e1my ako himal\u00e1jska vretenica, ktor\u00fd bol dlho pova\u017eovan\u00fd za jeden \u0161iroko roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":85697,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[31013,31015,31014,1508,15598,33,5893,43,40,42,36,5342,50,5343,49,48],"class_list":["post-85696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-druh","tag-gloydius-himalayanus","tag-himalajska-vretenica","tag-muzeum","tag-nepal","tag-news","tag-pakistan","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-studia","tag-svet","tag-vedci","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116674615536435516","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85696"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85696\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}