{"id":87429,"date":"2026-06-03T05:48:08","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T05:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/87429\/"},"modified":"2026-06-03T05:48:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T05:48:08","slug":"usa-maju-problem-v-dlhodobych-konfliktoch-tahaju-za-kratsi-koniec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/87429\/","title":{"rendered":"USA maj\u00fa probl\u00e9m, v dlhodob\u00fdch konfliktoch \u0165ahaj\u00fa za krat\u0161\u00ed koniec"},"content":{"rendered":"

WASHINGTON – Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty predstavuj\u00fa z h\u013eadiska vojenskej sily jeden ve\u013ek\u00fd paradox. Disponuj\u00fa toti\u017e najsilnej\u0161ou arm\u00e1dou na svete. Z tohto poh\u013eadu by mali ovl\u00e1da\u0165 cel\u00fd svet a v\u0161etci by sme mali by\u0165 ich vazalmi. Ale nie je to tak. Expert a b\u00fdval\u00fd pracovn\u00edk NATO poukazuje na nieko\u013eko bodov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa jasn\u00fdm vysvetlen\u00edm tohto paradoxu. <\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty maj\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu arm\u00e1du na svete, ale u\u017e viac ako 30 rokov nevyhrali \u017eiadny v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed konflikt. Tieto slov\u00e1 vyhl\u00e1sil b\u00fdval\u00fd vyslanec Severoatlantickej Aliancie (NATO) a ved\u00faci pracovn\u00edk Belferovho centra na Harvardskej univerzite, Ivo Daalder.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Boj bez vopred stanoven\u00e9ho cie\u013ea\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ako pripom\u00edna, USA bojovali vo Vietname, Afganistane aj v Iraku, no ani v jednom pr\u00edpade nevyhrali na plnej \u010diare. Jedin\u00fd \u00faspech by sa dal prip\u00edsa\u0165 mo\u017eno len vojne v Perzskom z\u00e1live v roku 1991, „no ani to nie je celkom pravda, preto\u017ee pr\u00e1ve tento konflikt zasial z\u00e1rodky rodiacej sa katastrofy,“ doplnil Daalder. Moment\u00e1lne sa tr\u00e1pia v Ir\u00e1ne, pri\u010dom boj proti tejto krajine pova\u017euje expert za najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu chybu USA za posledn\u00fdch viac ako 50 rokov.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Odpove\u010f je pritom ve\u013emi prost\u00e1, no pre Ameri\u010danov nepr\u00edpustn\u00e1. Pod\u013ea Daaldera nie je probl\u00e9mom palebn\u00e1 sila, ale americk\u00e9 myslenie. Prusk\u00fd vojensk\u00fd strat\u00e9g Carl von Clausewitz definoval vojnu ako „pokra\u010dovanie politiky in\u00fdmi prostriedkami“. USA t\u00fato te\u00f3riu pod\u013ea experta \u00faplne obr\u00e1tili. \u00a0<\/p>\n

„Ameri\u010dania rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00fa inak. Nepova\u017euj\u00fa vojnu za pokra\u010duj\u00faci prostriedok politiky, ale za jej posledn\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165. Uchy\u013euj\u00fa sa k nej vtedy, ke\u010f zlyh\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u0161etky formy diplomacie a navy\u0161e, do boja sa pustia aj napriek nejasn\u00e9mu cie\u013eu.“<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledok je n\u00e1sledne v\u017edy rovnak\u00fd, a s\u00edce, nasadenie sily bez jasn\u00fdch cie\u013eov a bez stanovenia si hranice, kedy sa d\u00e1 konflikt pova\u017eova\u0165 za vyhrat\u00fd boj.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vidina v\u00ed\u0165azstva v Ir\u00e1ne\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea Daaldera je typick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump a jeho rozhodnutia v Ir\u00e1ne. Do \u010dela vyjedn\u00e1vacej skupiny postavil pod\u013ea neho \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed nerozumej\u00fa jednak diplomacii, a ani jadrovej fyzike. „Potom spustil mas\u00edvne bombardovanie s vidinou toho, \u017ee zni\u010denie povedie ku kapitul\u00e1cii,“ reagoval expert na ned\u00e1vne Trumpovo vyhl\u00e1senie, ktor\u00e9 znelo, \u017ee „USA dosiahnu s Ir\u00e1nom dobr\u00fa dohodu, alebo ich (Ir\u00e1ncov) vyhod\u00edme do oblakov“. Ani jeden stav v\u0161ak nenastal.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\t
\n\t\t\"Z\u00e1chran\u00e1ri\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tZobrazi\u0165 gal\u00e9riu (2)\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\t<\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1chran\u00e1ri si prezeraj\u00fa obytn\u00fa budovu zasiahnut\u00fa pri americko-izraelskom \u00fatoku v Teher\u00e1ne\t\u00a0(Zdroj: TASR\/AP Photo\/Vahid Salemi)<\/p>\n

Tri chyby vedenia vojny<\/p>\n

Ciele a prostriedky s\u00fa obr\u00e1ten\u00e9. Namiesto definovania politick\u00e9ho cie\u013ea a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho v\u00fdberu vhodn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja na jeho dosiahnutie, to Biely dom rob\u00ed naopak. Trump siahne po vojenskom n\u00e1stroji a d\u00fafa, \u017ee nasledova\u0165 bude politika. USA zaka\u017ed\u00fdm pou\u017eili zdrvuj\u00facu silu v domnen\u00ed, \u017ee rozsiahle ni\u010denie prinesie po\u017eadovan\u00fd efekt. Pr\u00edkladom je vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fd Ir\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Druhou chybou je prehnan\u00e9 \u00fasilie. USA si st\u00e1le stanovuj\u00fa a\u017e prehnan\u00e9 ciele ako zmena re\u017eimu, zavedenie demokracie, ukon\u010denie terorizmu alebo celkov\u00e1 zmena spolo\u010dnosti. V skuto\u010dnosti ide o nere\u00e1lne predstavy. K tak radik\u00e1lnym zmen\u00e1m pod\u013ea experta „len“\u00a0vojensk\u00e1 sila jednoducho nesta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bushovi to v Perzskom z\u00e1live vy\u0161lo, preto\u017ee si stanovil jasn\u00fd a re\u00e1lny cie\u013e \u2013 zvr\u00e1ti\u0165 irack\u00fa inv\u00e1ziu do Kuvajtu a obnovi\u0165 predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci stav. O ni\u010d viac sa nepok\u00fa\u0161al. Po tomto \u00faspechu nedal rozkaz na dobytie Bagdadu. „Nebol to znak slabosti. Viedlo to k vytvoreniu ve\u013ekej koal\u00edcie a USA z\u00edskali aj medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa podporu,“ doplnil Daalder. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Poslednou chybou s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho vedenia arm\u00e1dy USA je viera v obrovsk\u00fa vojensk\u00fa silu, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee vyrovna\u0165 rozdiel v odhodlan\u00ed bojova\u0165.\u00a0Toto sa Washingtonu vypomstilo vo Vietname, kde mal dom\u00e1ci odboj v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu v\u00f4\u013eu bojova\u0165. Ani islamsk\u00ed revolucion\u00e1ri \u010di Taliban nechc\u00fa ustupova\u0165 len tak bez boja. Ako na z\u00e1ver pribl\u00ed\u017eil Ivo Daalder, „nemaj\u00fa kam \u00eds\u0165 a ani \u010do strati\u0165“.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"WASHINGTON – Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty predstavuj\u00fa z h\u013eadiska vojenskej sily jeden ve\u013ek\u00fd paradox. Disponuj\u00fa toti\u017e najsilnej\u0161ou arm\u00e1dou na svete.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":87430,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[31452,10510,12166,921,31451,238,33,922,43,40,42,36,50,304,7108,49,48],"class_list":["post-87429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-americke-myslenie","tag-chyby","tag-expert","tag-iran","tag-ivo-daalder","tag-nato","tag-news","tag-perzsky-zaliv","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-usa","tag-vojny","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116684607026790611","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=87429"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87429\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/87430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=87429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=87429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=87429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}