{"id":92011,"date":"2026-06-08T16:28:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T16:28:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/92011\/"},"modified":"2026-06-08T16:28:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T16:28:13","slug":"finale-interstellaru-mozno-nebolo-len-sci-fi-vymyslom-vedci-chcu-otestovat-ci-sa-da-poslat-sprava-do-minulosti-vosveteit-sk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/92011\/","title":{"rendered":"Fin\u00e1le Interstellaru mo\u017eno nebolo len sci-fi v\u00fdmyslom. Vedci chc\u00fa otestova\u0165, \u010di sa d\u00e1 posla\u0165 spr\u00e1va do minulosti | Vosveteit.sk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fyzici u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia sk\u00famaj\u00fa \u010das, gravit\u00e1ciu a zvl\u00e1\u0161tne pravidl\u00e1 kvantov\u00e9ho sveta. Hoci cestovanie \u010dasom patr\u00ed sk\u00f4r do r\u00ed\u0161e sci-fi, nov\u00e1 vedeck\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca otvorila zauj\u00edmav\u00fa ot\u00e1zku. Mohla by fyzika jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a umo\u017eni\u0165 posla\u0165 spr\u00e1vu do minulosti?<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve touto mo\u017enos\u0165ou sa zaoberal t\u00edm veden\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00edkmi z Cornell University. Ich \u0161t\u00fadiu prijal prest\u00ed\u017eny odborn\u00fd \u010dasopis Physical Review Letters a jej preprint sa objavil na vedeckej platforme arXiv<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Odoberaj Vosveteit.sk cez Telegram a prihl\u00e1s sa k odberu spr\u00e1v
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V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sa pri svojej pr\u00e1ci in\u0161pirovali aj zn\u00e1mym filmom Interstellar z roku 2014. Sn\u00edmka re\u017eis\u00e9ra Christophera Nolana z\u00edskala uznanie za mimoriadne presn\u00e9 zobrazenie \u010diernej diery<\/a> a viacer\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1lnych javov. Jedna \u010das\u0165 pr\u00edbehu v\u0161ak medzi odborn\u00edkmi dlh\u00e9 roky vyvol\u00e1vala ot\u00e1zniky.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fd hrdina Joseph Cooper toti\u017e v z\u00e1vere filmu odovzdal inform\u00e1cie svojej dc\u00e9re do minulosti, \u010d\u00edm ovplyvnil udalosti, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e prebehli. Dlh\u00e9 roky i\u0161lo len o filmov\u00fa fikciu, no pr\u00e1ve nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 forma podobnej komunik\u00e1cie nemus\u00ed \u00faplne odporova\u0165 zn\u00e1mym fyzik\u00e1lnym z\u00e1konom.<\/p>\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu v celej hypot\u00e9ze zohrali takzvan\u00e9 uzavret\u00e9 \u010dasupodobn\u00e9 krivky. V angli\u010dtine nes\u00fa ozna\u010denie Closed Timelike Curves, skr\u00e1tene CTC. Ide o teoretick\u00e9 trajekt\u00f3rie v priestore a \u010dase, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa minulos\u0165 aj bud\u00facnos\u0165 do jedn\u00e9ho celku. Objekt alebo inform\u00e1cia by sa po takejto dr\u00e1he mohli dosta\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 k skor\u0161iemu bodu svojej existencie.<\/p>\n

Neprehliadni
\n <\/p>\n

\"Samsung\"Samsung <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tTieto nov\u00e9 funkcie v Samsung telef\u00f3noch ti pom\u00f4\u017eu ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00fakromie. Cudz\u00ed \u010dlovek ved\u013ea teba u\u017e len tak neuvid\u00ed, \u010do rob\u00ed\u0161 na mobile <\/p>\n

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Nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee spr\u00e1vy m\u00f4\u017eeme posiela\u0165 do minulosti ako \u201e\u0161um\u201c<\/p>\n

My\u0161lienka \u010dasupodobn\u00fdch kriviek vypl\u00fdva z Einsteinovej v\u0161eobecnej te\u00f3rie relativity, p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l BGR.<\/a>\u00a0T\u00e1 opisuje gravit\u00e1ciu nie ako nevidite\u013en\u00fa silu, ale ako deform\u00e1ciu samotn\u00e9ho priestoru a \u010dasu sp\u00f4soben\u00fa hmotn\u00fdmi objektmi. Pr\u00e1ve v r\u00e1mci tejto te\u00f3rie vznikne pri ur\u010dit\u00fdch extr\u00e9mnych podmienkach matematick\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 existencie uzavret\u00fdch \u010dasupodobn\u00fdch kriviek. Neznamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee ich niekto objavil alebo vytvoril, zatia\u013e ide o teoretick\u00e9 rie\u0161enia rovn\u00edc.<\/p>\n

\"gravitacia\"\"gravitacia\"Zdroj: canbedone \/ Shutterstock.com<\/p>\n

Vedci sa preto pok\u00fasili zisti\u0165, \u010di by podobn\u00fd mechanizmus dok\u00e1zal vysvetli\u0165 komunik\u00e1ciu medzi Cooperom a jeho dc\u00e9rou vo filme Interstellar.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161a anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 forma komunik\u00e1cie naprie\u010d \u010dasom nemus\u00ed vies\u0165 k paradoxom,\u201c nazna\u010duj\u00fa autori \u0161t\u00fadie vo svojich z\u00e1veroch.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci dospeli k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee spr\u00e1vy by sa v takomto syst\u00e9me pren\u00e1\u0161ali prostredn\u00edctvom takzvan\u00e9ho \u0161umov\u00e9ho mechanizmu. Tento mechanizmus si m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 predstavi\u0165 podobne ako po\u0161koden\u00fd digit\u00e1lny sign\u00e1l. Ak by si do minulosti poslal spr\u00e1vu zlo\u017een\u00fa z jednotiek a n\u00fal, \u010das\u0165 inform\u00e1cie by sa po\u010das cesty mohla zmeni\u0165 alebo strati\u0165, \u010do je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do autori hovoria o \u0161ume. Spr\u00e1va by do cie\u013ea nedorazila ako dokonale \u010ditate\u013en\u00fd text, ale sk\u00f4r ako rozsypan\u00e1 sklada\u010dka, ktor\u00fa by pr\u00edjemca musel znovu posp\u00e1ja\u0165.<\/p>\n

Aj film Interstellar pracoval s podobnou my\u0161lienkou. Cooper neposlal svojej dc\u00e9re jednoduch\u00fd odkaz. Namiesto toho h\u00fdbal ru\u010di\u010dkou hodiniek a vytv\u00e1ral gravita\u010dn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, ktor\u00fdm musela postupne porozumie\u0165. Pod\u013ea autorov \u0161t\u00fadie by re\u00e1lna komunik\u00e1cia cez \u010das pravdepodobne vyzerala ove\u013ea viac pr\u00e1ve takto ne\u017e ako \u010dist\u00fd text bez jedinej chyby.<\/p>\n

Na vyrie\u0161enie \u010fal\u0161ieho probl\u00e9mu vedci vyu\u017eili koncept ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako post-selektovan\u00e9 uzavret\u00e9 \u010dasupodobn\u00e9 krivky, teda P-CTC. Pr\u00e1ve tento model pon\u00fakol rie\u0161enie jednej z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1mietok vo\u010di cestovaniu \u010dasom. Ide o takzvan\u00fd paradox star\u00e9ho otca.<\/p>\n

Tento paradox je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do sa cestovanie v \u010dase do minulosti pova\u017euje za nemo\u017en\u00e9<\/p>\n

Predstav si situ\u00e1ciu, v ktorej by si sa vr\u00e1til do minulosti a zabr\u00e1nil narodeniu vlastn\u00e9ho star\u00e9ho otca. V takom pr\u00edpade by sa tvoj otec nenarodil a logicky by si sa nikdy nemohol narodi\u0165 ani ty, tak\u017ee by si sa nemohol vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 a zasiahnu\u0165 do minulosti. Tak\u00fdto logick\u00fd rozpor tr\u00e1pi fyzikov aj filozofov cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Model P-CTC v\u0161ak podobn\u00e9 paradoxy automaticky vyrad\u00ed. Pod\u013ea tejto hypot\u00e9zy sa uskuto\u010dnia len tak\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 slu\u010dky, ktor\u00e9 nevytvoria logick\u00fd konflikt. \u010casov\u00e1 l\u00ednia teda neprijme udalosti ved\u00face k rozporu. Autori \u0161t\u00fadie pr\u00e1ve t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom vysvetlili filmov\u00fd pr\u00edbeh. Cooper si pam\u00e4tal spr\u00e1vy, ktor\u00e9 prijala jeho dc\u00e9ra. Nesk\u00f4r ich odovzdal sp\u00e4\u0165 do minulosti. Vznikla uzavret\u00e1 slu\u010dka bez zjavn\u00e9ho paradoxu.<\/p>\n

\"cas\"casZdroj: Quality Stock Arts \/ shutterstock.com
\nVedci pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa experiment, ktor\u00fd by dok\u00e1zal posielanie spr\u00e1v do minulosti<\/p>\n

Najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 v\u00fdskumu sa t\u00fdka pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho experimentu. Vedci chc\u00fa vyu\u017ei\u0165 kvantov\u00e9 previazanie, jeden z najzvl\u00e1\u0161tnej\u0161\u00edch javov modernej fyziky. Ich pl\u00e1n je pracova\u0165 s dvojicou previazan\u00fdch fot\u00f3nov, pri\u010dom jeden z nich vst\u00fapi do simulovanej \u010dasovej slu\u010dky, kde sa jeho stav zmen\u00ed. N\u00e1sledne vedci presk\u00famaj\u00fa druh\u00fa \u010dasticu a pok\u00fasia sa zisti\u0165, \u010di t\u00e1to zmena sp\u00e4tne ovplyvnila minulos\u0165 prv\u00e9ho fot\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n

Nep\u00f4jde o skuto\u010dn\u00e9 cestovanie \u010dasom ani o otvorenie \u010dervej diery<\/a>. Experiment prever\u00ed, \u010di matematick\u00e9 predpovede modelu funguj\u00fa aj v podmienkach re\u00e1lneho laborat\u00f3ria. \u00daspe\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdsledok by z\u00e1rove\u0148 uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 formy komunik\u00e1cie medzi minulos\u0165ou a bud\u00facnos\u0165ou nemusia odporova\u0165 zn\u00e1mym fyzik\u00e1lnym z\u00e1konom.<\/p>\n

Nie v\u0161etci fyzici v\u0161ak podobn\u00fdm \u00favah\u00e1m veria. My\u0161lienka uzavret\u00fdch \u010dasupodobn\u00fdch kriviek vyvol\u00e1va medzi odborn\u00edkmi diskusie u\u017e cel\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia. Jedn\u00fdm z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch kritikov bol Stephen Hawking<\/a>. Presadzoval takzvan\u00fa hypot\u00e9zu ochrany chronol\u00f3gie. Pod\u013ea nej pr\u00edroda sama zabr\u00e1ni vzniku \u010dasov\u00fdch slu\u010diek sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e by mohli naru\u0161i\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinu a n\u00e1sledok.<\/p>\n

\u201eZ\u00e1kony fyziky sa sprisahaj\u00fa, aby zabr\u00e1nili cestovaniu \u010dasom,\u201c tvrdil Hawking.<\/p>\n

Vedci tvrdia, \u017ee mo\u017eno budeme na toto potrebova\u0165 \u201ete\u00f3riu v\u0161etk\u00e9ho\u201c<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea jeho predst\u00e1v by sa pri pokuse o vytvorenie \u010dasovej slu\u010dky nahromadilo extr\u00e9mne mno\u017estvo energie, ktor\u00e9 by cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m zni\u010dilo e\u0161te pred vznikom paradoxu. In\u00ed vedci zase upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 relativita a kvantov\u00e1 fyzika st\u00e1le netvoria jednu ucelen\u00fa te\u00f3riu,<\/a> tak\u017ee definit\u00edvne odpovede zatia\u013e ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

\"Odhalili\"OdhaliliZdroj: Vosveteit.sk, AI<\/p>\n

Aj samotn\u00ed autori zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa opatrn\u00ed. Neozn\u00e1mili objav cestovania \u010dasom ani sp\u00f4sob, ako posla\u0165 \u010dloveka do minulosti. Predstavili nov\u00fd matematick\u00fd r\u00e1mec, ktor\u00fd sa pok\u00fasi odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zku, \u010di by sa inform\u00e1cie mohli pohybova\u0165 medzi r\u00f4znymi bodmi v \u010dase bez vzniku logick\u00fdch rozporov.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky preto zatia\u013e predstavuj\u00fa sk\u00f4r zauj\u00edmav\u00fd teoretick\u00fd krok ne\u017e technologick\u00fd prelom. Napriek tomu ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 n\u00e1pady zo sci-fi filmov nemusia st\u00e1\u0165 a\u017e tak \u010faleko od hran\u00edc modernej fyziky, ako sa e\u0161te pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi zdalo.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Fyzici u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia sk\u00famaj\u00fa \u010das, gravit\u00e1ciu a zvl\u00e1\u0161tne pravidl\u00e1 kvantov\u00e9ho sveta. Hoci cestovanie \u010dasom patr\u00ed sk\u00f4r do r\u00ed\u0161e…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":92012,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[16],"tags":[1256,29099,31264,24327,17198,70,73,18545,32612,32613,3093,72,43,40,39,42,41,29104,71],"class_list":["post-92011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-filmy","tag-cas","tag-castice","tag-cestovanie-v-case","tag-christopher-nolan","tag-dimenzie","tag-entertainment","tag-filmy","tag-gravitacia","tag-interstellar","tag-kvantova-fyzika","tag-minulost","tag-movie","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovakia","tag-slovencina","tag-slovensko","tag-teoria-relativity","tag-zabava"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116715435127075518","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92011"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92011\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/92012"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}