\u010cL\u00c1NOK POKRA\u010cUJE POD REKLAMOU<\/p>\n
Eur\u00f3pa za\u017e\u00edva tich\u00fa inv\u00e1ziu nov\u00e9ho pred\u00e1tora. \u0160akal oby\u010dajn\u00fd, ktor\u00e9ho e\u0161te pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi desa\u0165ro\u010diami poznali najm\u00e4 obyvatelia Balk\u00e1nu a oblast\u00ed pri \u010ciernom mori, sa dnes objavuje v \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om po\u010dte kraj\u00edn. Najnov\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jeho expanzia sa z\u010faleka nekon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd t\u00edm vedcov zverejnil \u0161t\u00fadiu v odbornom \u010dasopise Nature Ecology & Evolution<\/a>, pod\u013ea ktorej by \u0161akaly mohli v bud\u00facnosti os\u00eddli\u0165 a\u017e 75 percent \u00fazemia Eur\u00f3py. To predstavuje takmer \u0161es\u0165n\u00e1sobn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie oproti s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9mu v\u00fdskytu.<\/p>\n Za ich \u00faspechom pritom stoj\u00ed kombin\u00e1cia klimatick\u00fdch zmien, z\u00e1sahov \u010dloveka do krajiny a prekvapivo aj \u00fabytok jedn\u00e9ho z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch eur\u00f3pskych pred\u00e1torov \u2013 vlka.<\/p>\n \u0160elma, ktor\u00e1 dob\u00fdja Eur\u00f3pu<\/p>\n \u0160akal oby\u010dajn\u00fd patr\u00ed medzi najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sa \u0161\u00edriace cicavce na kontinente. E\u0161te po\u010das v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny 20. storo\u010dia bol jeho v\u00fdskyt obmedzen\u00fd najm\u00e4 na Balk\u00e1nsky polostrov a okolie \u010cierneho mora.<\/p>\n Od 80. rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia sa v\u0161ak situ\u00e1cia za\u010dala meni\u0165. \u0160akaly postupne prenikli do strednej Eur\u00f3py a nesk\u00f4r aj do z\u00e1padn\u00fdch a severn\u00fdch regi\u00f3nov. Dnes ich zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa v Nemecku, Rak\u00fasku, Po\u013esku, pobaltsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, \u0160kandin\u00e1vii \u010di Franc\u00fazsku.<\/p>\n V\u00fdskyt \u0161akalov je u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov potvrden\u00fd aj na Slovensku, kde sa objavuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 v ju\u017en\u00fdch oblastiach krajiny.<\/p>\n Vedci sk\u00famali tis\u00edce lokal\u00edt<\/p>\n Aby lep\u0161ie pochopili d\u00f4vody ich \u00faspechu, vedci analyzovali pribli\u017ene 9 000 lokal\u00edt naprie\u010d Eur\u00f3pou. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci prehr\u00e1vali nahr\u00e1vky zav\u00fdjania \u0161akalov a n\u00e1sledne sledovali odpovede zvierat v ter\u00e9ne.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee \u0161akalom sa najviac dar\u00ed v oblastiach s miernymi zimami, pestrou krajinou a dostatkom vodn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch. Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm faktorom sa v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zala by\u0165 absencia vlkov.<\/p>\n Pr\u00e1ve vlky predstavuj\u00fa pre \u0161akaly prirodzen\u00fa konkurenciu. V oblastiach, kde sa vl\u010dia popul\u00e1cia v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017eila alebo \u00faplne zmizla, z\u00edskali \u0161akaly priestor na r\u00fdchlu expanziu.<\/p>\n \u010clovek im nevedomky pom\u00e1ha<\/p>\n Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj \u013eudsk\u00e9 s\u00eddla. Pod\u013ea vedcov funguj\u00fa mest\u00e1, dediny a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska krajina ako ak\u00fdsi ochrann\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt. Vlky sa toti\u017e bl\u00edzkosti \u010dloveka \u010dasto vyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa, zatia\u013e \u010do \u0161akaly s\u00fa ove\u013ea prisp\u00f4sobivej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n V\u010faka tomu dok\u00e1\u017eu pre\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj v oblastiach, kde by v minulosti \u010delili v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu tlaku zo strany v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch pred\u00e1torov.<\/p>\n Vedci hovoria o takzvanom \u201euvo\u013enen\u00ed mezopred\u00e1torov\u201c. Ide o jav, pri ktorom \u00fabytok vrcholov\u00fdch pred\u00e1torov umo\u017en\u00ed prudk\u00fd n\u00e1rast popul\u00e1ci\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch \u0161eliem.<\/p>\n \u201eKe\u010f \u010dlovek zmen\u00ed vz\u0165ahy medzi pred\u00e1tormi, m\u00f4\u017ee to ovplyvni\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edrenie \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov v celoeur\u00f3pskom meradle,\u201c upozornil odborn\u00edk Martin \u0160\u00e1lek pre \u010cT24<\/a>.<\/p>\n M\u00f4\u017eu ohrozi\u0165 miestne druhy<\/p>\n Hoci \u0161akal nepredstavuje nebezpe\u010denstvo pre \u010dloveka, jeho \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161\u00edrenie m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 dopad na miestne ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n Odborn\u00edci upozor\u0148uj\u00fa najm\u00e4 na mo\u017en\u00e9 ohrozenie niektor\u00fdch druhov vt\u00e1kov a drobn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. Rizikov\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 najm\u00e4 oblasti z\u00e1padnej a ju\u017enej Eur\u00f3py vr\u00e1tane Franc\u00fazska a \u0160panielska.<\/p>\n Vedci upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee pr\u00edchod \u0161akala do nov\u00fdch regi\u00f3nov m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 popul\u00e1cie vz\u00e1cnych stepn\u00fdch vt\u00e1kov \u010di \u010fal\u0161\u00edch chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch druhov.<\/p>\n Autori \u0161t\u00fadie z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee ochrana ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u0161eliem m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam aj z poh\u013eadu cel\u00e9ho fungovania ekosyst\u00e9mu. Postupn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat vlkov do niektor\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn by pod\u013ea nich mohol \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161\u00edrenie \u0161akalov \u010diasto\u010dne spomali\u0165.\u00a0<\/p>\n Ako je to so \u0161akalmi na Slovensku<\/p>\n Hoci najnov\u0161ia eur\u00f3pska \u0161t\u00fadia upozor\u0148uje na r\u00fdchle \u0161\u00edrenie \u0161akalov naprie\u010d kontinentom, Slovensko sa s t\u00fdmto pred\u00e1torom stret\u00e1va u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia.<\/p>\n Pod\u013ea \u00fadajov Slovenskej po\u013eovn\u00edckej komory<\/a> bol prv\u00fd zdokumentovan\u00fd v\u00fdskyt \u0161akala zlat\u00e9ho na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed zaznamenan\u00fd v roku 1989 pri \u010ciernej nad Tisou. Do roku 2000 evidovali odborn\u00edci \u0161tyri potvrden\u00e9 pr\u00edpady v r\u00f4znych regi\u00f3noch krajiny.<\/p>\n Do roku 2014 sa v\u00fdskyt \u0161akala roz\u0161\u00edril u\u017e do viac ako 20 okresov vr\u00e1tane Trebi\u0161ova, Ko\u0161\u00edc, Dunajskej Stredy, Kom\u00e1rna, Lev\u00edc, Humenn\u00e9ho \u010di Vranova nad Top\u013eou. Odborn\u00edci v\u0161ak upozor\u0148ovali, \u017ee skuto\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det jedincov mohol by\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ke\u010f\u017ee \u0161akaly s\u00fa mimoriadne plach\u00e9 a \u010dloveku sa \u00faspe\u0161ne vyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n Po\u013eovn\u00edci a zool\u00f3govia pred viac ako desiatimi rokmi predpokladali, \u017ee podobne ako v Ma\u010farsku pr\u00edde aj na Slovensku k v\u00fdraznej popula\u010dnej expanzii. Pr\u00e1ve ma\u010farsk\u00e9 \u00fadaje ukazuj\u00fa, ak\u00e9 r\u00fdchle m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0161\u00edrenie tohto druhu. K\u00fdm v roku 1996 tam zaznamenali odstrel len 10 jedincov, v roku 2013 ich bolo u\u017e viac ako 1 800.<\/p>\n \n \u010c\u00edtaj viac z kateg\u00f3rie: Zo Slovenska<\/a>\n <\/p>\n \n \u010eakujeme, \u017ee \u010d\u00edta\u0161 Startitup. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee m\u00e1\u0161 postreh alebo si na\u0161iel v \u010dl\u00e1nku chybu, nap\u00ed\u0161 n\u00e1m na redakcia@startitup.sk<\/a>.\n <\/p>\n Zdroje: Nature\u00a0Ecology\u00a0&\u00a0Evolution<\/a>, \u010cT24<\/a>, Slovensk\u00e1\u00a0po\u013eovn\u00edcka\u00a0komora<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u010cL\u00c1NOK POKRA\u010cUJE POD REKLAMOU Eur\u00f3pa za\u017e\u00edva tich\u00fa inv\u00e1ziu nov\u00e9ho pred\u00e1tora. \u0160akal oby\u010dajn\u00fd, ktor\u00e9ho e\u0161te pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi desa\u0165ro\u010diami poznali…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":92141,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[57,56,55,30203,32640,32641,43,40,42,41,32110,25112],"class_list":["post-92140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-europa","tag-eu","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-expanzia","tag-sakal","tag-sakaly","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-slovensko","tag-vlci","tag-vlk"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116716111703077643","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92140"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92140\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/92141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}