OTTAWA\/PRAHA – Vedci objavili obrovsk\u00fd poklad v podobe starovekej DNA zvierat vr\u00e1tane dnes u\u017e vyhynut\u00fdch mamutov srstnat\u00fdch. Na\u0161li ju v exkrementoch vever\u00edc, ktor\u00e9 sa zachovali v kanadskom permafroste, vypl\u00fdva z novej \u0161t\u00fadie, o ktorej informovala agent\u00fara AFP.<\/p>\n
Starovek\u00e1 DNA uchovan\u00e1 v hermeticky uzavret\u00fdch nor\u00e1ch poch\u00e1dza z obdobia spred 700-tis\u00edc a\u017e 3000 rokov. Vedcom pon\u00faka vz\u00e1cny poh\u013ead na evol\u00faciu po\u010das tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed v oblasti Yukonu, rozsiahlej divo\u010diny na severoz\u00e1pade Kanady.<\/p>\n
Okrem DNA mamuta srstnat\u00e9ho vedci objavili aj genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l vlkov, biz\u00f3nov, kon\u00ed, gepardov a stoviek druhov rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdkaly sa uk\u00e1zali ako cenn\u00fd zdroj poznania<\/p>\n
Preh\u013ead\u00e1vanie veveri\u010d\u00edch v\u00fdkalov sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 \u201emenej atrakt\u00edvne\u201c ne\u017e vykopanie mamutieho kla, priznal pre AFP v\u00fdskumn\u00edk v oblasti paleogenomiky z kanadskej McMasterovej univerzity Tyler Murchie, hlavn\u00fd autor \u0161t\u00fadie zverejnenej v \u010dasopise Nature Communications.<\/p>\n
Pod\u013ea \u0161t\u00fadie v\u0161ak v\u00fdkaly predstavuj\u00fa podce\u0148ovan\u00fd zdroj inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165 d\u00e1vnu minulos\u0165 na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty. Vedci p\u00f4vodne pl\u00e1novali sk\u00fama\u0165 iba mikrobi\u00f3m vever\u00edc. Nesk\u00f4r v\u0161ak objavili \u201eskuto\u010dne prekvapiv\u00fa biologick\u00fa rozmanitos\u0165 organizmov\u201c, uviedol Murchie. Pod\u013ea neho sa tak stalo v\u010faka \u201eprirodzen\u00e9mu archiva\u010dn\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vaniu\u201c t\u00fdchto hlodavcov.<\/p>\n
Veverice si v nor\u00e1ch vytvorili \u010dasov\u00e9 kapsuly<\/p>\n
Arktick\u00e9 veverice s\u00fa akt\u00edvne iba \u0161tyri mesiace v roku a zvy\u0161ok \u010dasu tr\u00e1via zimn\u00fdm sp\u00e1nkom. Po\u010das kr\u00e1tkeho obdobia aktivity \u201emusia vyliez\u0165 von a zjes\u0165 \u010do najviac, ako len dok\u00e1\u017eu\u201c, vysvetlil v\u00fdskumn\u00edk.<\/p>\n
Veverice si preto svoje nory plnia orechmi, semenami, listami, kos\u0165ami, ko\u017eu\u0161inou a v\u0161etk\u00fdm, \u010do n\u00e1jdu. Postupom \u010dasu v\u0161ak roz\u0161irovanie permafrostu, teda vrstvy trvalo zamrznutej p\u00f4dy, niektor\u00e9 nory natrvalo uzavrelo. Vznikli tak dokonale zachovan\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 kapsuly.<\/p>\n
Vedci na\u0161li aj dokonale zmrazen\u00e9ho sys\u013ea<\/p>\n
V\u00fdskumn\u00edci objavili dokonca aj mal\u00fd exempl\u00e1r sys\u013ea, ktor\u00fd zostal dokonale zmrazen\u00fd.\u00a0\u201eJednoducho na jednu sez\u00f3nu zaspal a u\u017e sa nikdy neprebudil. Objavil ho a\u017e paleontol\u00f3g, ktor\u00fd tadia\u013e prech\u00e1dzal,\u201c povedal Murchie.<\/p>\n
Vedci zrekon\u0161truovali 18 mitochondri\u00e1lnych gen\u00f3mov vr\u00e1tane gen\u00f3mov \u0161iestich mamutov srstnat\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 \u017eili v r\u00f4znych obdobiach. Mitochondri\u00e1lne gen\u00f3my sa dedia v\u00fdlu\u010dne po matke, \u010do odborn\u00edkom umo\u017e\u0148uje sledova\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 rodov\u00e9 l\u00ednie. Fragmenty DNA sa pod\u013ea Murchieho pomocou po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov skladaj\u00fa podobne ako k\u00fasky sklada\u010dky.<\/p>\n
O\u017eivenie mamuta vyvol\u00e1va pochybnosti<\/p>\n
Americk\u00e1 biotechnologick\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Colossal ned\u00e1vno ozn\u00e1mila z\u00e1mer o\u017eivi\u0165 mamuta srstnat\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd vyhynul pribli\u017ene pred 4000 rokmi. Odborn\u00edci s\u00fa v\u0161ak skeptick\u00ed. Domnievaj\u00fa sa, \u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 zviera by sa sk\u00f4r podobalo \u00e1zijsk\u00e9mu slonovi geneticky upraven\u00e9mu tak, aby pripom\u00ednal mamuta.<\/p>\n
Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Colossal bude pod\u013ea AFP m\u00f4c\u0165 vyu\u017ei\u0165 genetick\u00e9 \u00fadaje objaven\u00e9 Murchieho t\u00edmom, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa by\u0165 spr\u00edstupnen\u00e9 verejnosti.\u00a0\u201eMaj\u00fa v\u0161ak k dispoz\u00edcii tak\u00e9 mno\u017estvo DNA \u2013 cel\u00e9 gen\u00f3my poch\u00e1dzaj\u00face z r\u00f4znych organizmov \u2013, \u017ee na\u0161e objavy bud\u00fa ur\u010dite iba kvapkou v mori,\u201c odhadol Murchie. Jeho t\u00edm v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pracuje na \u010fal\u0161ej \u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 op\u00edsa\u0165, \u010do DNA n\u00e1jden\u00e1 vo veveri\u010d\u00edch v\u00fdkaloch odha\u013euje o evol\u00facii mamuta srstnat\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"OTTAWA\/PRAHA – Vedci objavili obrovsk\u00fd poklad v podobe starovekej DNA zvierat vr\u00e1tane dnes u\u017e vyhynut\u00fdch mamutov srstnat\u00fdch. Na\u0161li…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":96687,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[8],"tags":[1744,33782,31641,33,43,40,42,36,50,5343,49,48],"class_list":["post-96686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-dna","tag-exkrementy","tag-mamut","tag-news","tag-sk","tag-slovak","tag-slovencina","tag-spravy","tag-svet","tag-vedci","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@sk\/116744584170449142","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96686"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96686\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/96687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}