In an escalation of an ongoing trade dispute, China announced it would impose duties of between 15.6 and 62.4 percent on imports of pork from the European Union. The dispute began more than a year ago when the EU imposed tariffs on Chinese-made electric vehicles. China opened its investigation of EU pork imports soon after.

The EU has found itself between a rock and a hard place in navigating trade ties with both China and the United States, its two largest trading partners. Amid President Donald Trump’s trade war, many countries have seen expanded trade with China as an alternative. However, as Mary Gallagher wrote in July, the EU-China relationship faces structural obstacles that are not easy to resolve, including the EU’s desire to avoid economic overdependency on China, and fundamental disagreements over Russia’s war on Ukraine.

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