Elsewhere, Brexit may embolden Euroskeptics by providing a template for leaving, says CFR’s Mallaby. “The younger generation of Italians, Portuguese, and Greeks associate membership of the eurozone, and, by extension, the European Union, with a terrible depression,” he says. That has translated into electoral gains for anti-EU parties, such as the Alternative for Germany, France’s National Rally, and Hungary’s Jobbik. Polling has repeatedly found that a majority of French citizens want their own EU referendum, though the May 2017 French presidential election gave the pro-EU Emmanuel Macron a resounding victory over Euroskeptic Marine Le Pen.
