Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a life-altering autoimmune disease that affects one million Americans. It arises from a complex interplay of genetics, environmental factors, and immune system dysfunction.
To combat MS, the immune system relies on specialized defenders known as Natural Killer (NK) cells. These cells play a crucial role in protecting the body by identifying and attacking harmful cells, including those infected by viruses, cancerous cells, and cells involved in autoimmune diseases like MS. NK cells can distinguish between healthy and abnormal cells, enabling them to target and eliminate those that pose a threat, such as infected or tumor cells. In the context of MS, they are involved in regulating the immune response. However, their actions can sometimes be a double-edged sword, either exacerbating the disease through inflammation or helping to control the damage caused by an overactive immune system.
Suraju Sadeeq, a research assistant in the Norman Lab at the University of Colorado School of Medicine (SOM), is delving into the co-evolution of HLA molecules and KIR receptors, which play a critical role in immune regulation. KIRs, found on Natural Killer (NK) cells, interact with HLA molecules to modulate immune activity. Using population genetics and molecular analyses, Sadeeq aims to uncover how genetic variation in these systems influences immune function. These insights guide functional experiments, helping us understand the precise mechanisms by which genetic diversity shapes immunity. The study is led by Paul Norman, PhD, professor of biomedical informatics, in collaboration with Jill Hollenbach, PhD, MPH, professor in the Department of Neurology and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of California San Francisco.
Sadeeq is conducting his research under the mentorship of Norman, with co-mentorship from Chris Gignoux, PhD. He shared, “With their invaluable guidance and support, I’ve had the opportunity to attend conferences, workshops, and seminars, which have enriched my academic and professional development.” Sadeeq’s current work in the Norman Lab is funded by grants NIAID 1R01AI169070 from the NIH, and 2004262 from the NH&MRC of Australia. He added that this experience has been incredibly exciting and rewarding.
We sat down with Sadeeq to learn more about the study, surprises and challenges, and the impact of this research.