7 min read
I AM STANDING in front of the squat rack at my local gym, wearing a pair of baggy sweatpants and a massively oversized vintage Ozzy Osbourne tee. Underneath, somewhere, is my actual body. A few more sets and I’ll peel it all off, unveiling the tiny bike shorts and sports bra underneath—at which point, if everything goes according to plan, my muscles will be swollen with blood and I’ll look, briefly, like the best physical version of myself. Right now, I’m just swimming in sweat.
These baggy clothes are called pump covers, and I’ve been wearing them for the last few weeks as my go-to gym fit—at least when I hit the weight room floor. The sweats are worn at the start of a workout to shed once your muscles are properly primed and slightly pumped. Until recently, this type of Superman reveal moment was exclusively the practice of bodybuilders, not twentysomethings just starting out in the gym. But today, as strength training content exploded on TikTok and Instagram and streetwear has gotten increasingly roomy, that’s all changed.
Walk into almost any commercial gym now and the tight, performance-coded clothing that used to dominate—matching sets, compression shirts, stringer tanks—have given way to slouchy sweats and heavy cotton tees with sleeves down to the forearm. At least, until people get a few sets into their workout.
How a Bodybuilding Habit Took Over the Gym
IN THE 1977 documentary Pumping Iron, a young Arnold Schwarzenegger explains, with total sincerity, that getting a pump (the sensation of blood engorging the muscles immediately post-lift) is as satisfying as having an orgasm. “It feels fantastic,” he says. And if the pump is the payoff, it makes sense to hide your muscles until they’re feeling nice and firm.
Either way, pump covers have existed nearly as long as people have been bodybuilding. “I’ve been wearing a pump cover since the day I started lifting weights over 20 years ago,” says Jordan Tyler, a sociologist, personal trainer, and pro wrestler who goes by “The Professor”. But until about a decade ago, he never heard a name for it.
For most of its existence, the pump cover was a niche habit. Around 2021, it started gaining traction online. One of the earliest popularizers of the term was bodybuilder Seth Feroce, who started selling a hoodie with the words printed on the front. As more people picked up a barbell for the first time post-pandemic, lifting content exploded on social media. The “reveal”—the shedding of the layers—made for the perfect performative hook to capture an audience. A related concept, the “sleeper build“—i.e., looking completely unsuspecting in baggy layers, then turning out to be absolutely jacked underneath—became its own genre of viral video.
Now, the pump cover is just what’s in style, says Jack Goodman, 23, a bodybuilder who trains regularly for competitions. He has seen more and more people—old, young, men and women—wearing them at the commercial gym he goes to in Miami, Florida. “More men are wearing pump covers than tank tops,” adds Sadik Hadzovic, the 2015 Arnold Classic Physique bodybuilding champion based on Long Island, New York.
Apparel brands and influencers have been quick to capitalize. Not only can they sell the skimpy clothes underneath, but they can sell the entire layered kit to go over top. (GymShark now has a page dedicated to pump covers, and Hadzovic says his brand, Now or Never, sells more pump covers than anything else). “You can unveil all of it and peacock around the gym,” Tyler says. “And you can have a logo on every single part of it.”
But people are also wearing them to show off their personal style, in ways that the old gym uniforms didn’t exactly allow for, says Tyler. Matching sets and logo-heavy gear didn’t leave much room for personality. But the pump cover opens that up: It doesn’t need to be from the latest social media brand—or even gym-specific. You can grab any old graphic tee from your closet, showing off your interests beyond the gym whether that’s politics, music, or anime. Or take the opposite approach, and stay completely anonymous in muted grey or black.
More Than Just a Warmup
FOR MANY PEOPLE, the appeal of the pump cover is still the practice: Keep it on until your muscles warm up and you start sweating. “The pump cover has that thermogenesis effect where you can stay warmer for longer, get the vascularity, the blood flow, the pump, the roundness,” Hadzovic says. Then at peak pumped-ness, take it off.
For many old-school gym bros, the appeal of the pump cover lies in the way it actually does set you up for training success: Keep it on until your muscles warm up and you start sweating. “The hoodie comes off, and it’s almost like the Fast Times at Ridgemont High when Phoebe Cates gets out of the pool and the water’s dripping off her and she shakes her hair. Except you’re just pulling off a hoodie, and the guys who can flex their pecs will oftentimes give them a couple flexes,” says Tyler. “It’s performing the idea of what it is to be manly.”
Goodman thinks of it as a more personal act. “A lot of wearing a pump cover is not seeing your physique until you’re pumped up and looking good. So there’s a mental aspect to it,” he says. “Look good, feel good.”
Tyler also suggests for some people (including himself at a younger age), the pump cover can be less about aesthetics and more about self-consciousness. People don’t want to show their physique before it looks its best—perhaps due to bodybuilding’s long entanglement with muscle dysmorphia (sometimes called bigorexia), a body dysmorphic disorder characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with not being muscular enough. The pump cover creates a buffer—both literal and mental—between how you look and how you want to be seen. Hadzovic started lifting weights as a skinny kid looking to build confidence. “I thought wearing a pump cover—oversized, 2XL shirt—people wouldn’t realize I was skinny,” he says. “I didn’t feel like I belonged in a gym.” Eventually he bulked up—then went back to wearing baggy clothing when he realized he got too much attention.
They’re also become a cultural symbol to signify your experience level at the gym, with some content creators suggesting that people will dress increasingly modestly the longer they’ve been training. “All guys go through the same phases when it comes to wearing pump covers at the gym,” says content creator Charlie Caruso in a video. “Phase one when we first start going to the gym, we don’t even wear pump covers. At this point, we’re young, we don’t really worry about warming up as much.” The phases progress to longer sleeves and increasingly baggy, which Caruso says won’t come off until nearly the end of the workout. By phase six, he shows a man covered head to toe in sweats. “We literally do not show any of our body at the gym,” he says. “This is just the cycle of a gym rat.”
It’s Not Just About the Reveal
SOME YOUNG MEN aren’t wearing the pump cover for the reveal—they don’t plan to take it off. On TikTok, a growing contingent of religious gym-goers post videos explaining that displaying their bodies conflicts with their faith. “Look at me. Big ass t-shirt and sweatpants. I don’t plan on taking this off,” says Ian, who goes by Ian Lifts for God, in a recent video. “And if I do, it’ll be in a posing room by myself.” (Posting your physique to a TikTok feed is apparently okay, though.) This idea might also be related to growing conservatism among young men: According to the Hill, conservative identity among Gen Z men jumped from 31 percent in late 2023 to 45 percent in late 2024.
For women, the pump cover also carries a different weight. While it may technically serve the same purpose (to cover the pump, pre-reveal), the clothing women wear to the gym has long been scrutinized in ways men’s choices haven’t. “Men try to police what women wear in the gym all the time,” says Tyler. “So a lot of times, women will wear overly baggy clothes to hide away from that.”
Speaking as a woman, I am not usually one to opt for baggy fits. I grew up in the era when women were told leggings weren’t real clothes and our comfortable, flexible outfits were sexualized, watched that argument slowly lose ground, and then celebrated once my three-inch inseam shorts and sports bra was finally deemed a reasonable gym fit by most of society. Tight-fitting clothing lets me move in any direction without fabric bunching up and doesn’t make me a sweaty mess, and the idea of covering up to avoid male commentary feels like a step backward.
But after a few weeks of wearing a pump cover for this story, I’ll admit there’s something almost freeing about clothing that completely masks your body. So freeing, in fact, that I’ve started to dread the moment I finally overheat and have to take it off—suddenly aware of being looked at again, the brief anonymity of the sweatpants and tee gone.
Tyler feels almost the opposite. “I like attention. I don’t care who knows it,” he says. “I’m a pro wrestler. Of course I like attention.” For him, the pump cover was never about hiding. It’s about the performance—the moment his hoodie comes off and his hard work speaks for itself. But no matter what you wear, whether you’re perfecting your reveal or trying to avoid getting ogled, everyone at the gym is just trying to feel good. We’re all chasing that pump.
Pump Covers for Your Own Reveal Moment
Now or Never Globe Oversized TeeCredit: Now or Never Co
Gymshark Power T-ShirtCredit: Gymshark
lululemon Grand Standard Crew
Fabletics The Go-To Oversized HoodieCredit: Fabletics
YoungLA Cyclone HoodieCredit: YoungLA
Municipal Self‑Made HoodieCredit: Courtesy of Retailer
Hannah Singleton is a freelance journalist who writes about fitness, health, wellness, travel, and the environment. Her work has been in publications such as the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, GQ, Vox, Wired, National Geographic, Forbes, and Fast Company. You can follow her @hannahsingleton.