The recent earthquake in Russia has triggered tsunami alerts across half the planet. So, knowing how to interpret the signs and act without hesitation can mean the difference between life and death.
Recently, a powerful 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, in Russia, reminding us in a brutal way that we live on an unpredictable planet. Authorities in Alaska, Hawaii, the west coast of the United States, and parts of Mexico activated tsunami warnings, while hundreds of people looked at the ocean with concern, aware that nature could unleash its force at any moment.
Although early reports speak of moderate waves, the event raises an essential question: do we really know what to do if a tsunami approaches? So, let’s find out what you should do in case of a tsunami.
Tsunamis
A tsunami is a series of giant waves generated by a sudden release of energy under the sea: an earthquake, an underwater volcanic eruption, or a landslide can be the trigger. Unlike waves caused by the wind, which affect only the surface, a tsunami moves an entire mass of water from the seafloor to the surface.
Out in the open sea, these waves may go unnoticed, but as they approach the coast, the ocean transforms. The energy that was once spread out in depth becomes concentrated in height, and the wave rises like a liquid wall moving with unstoppable force.
Tsunamis usually arrive in sets of several waves, separated by minutes or even an hour, and the first wave is not necessarily the most dangerous. Those who return to the beach after the initial wave to “see what happens” make one of the most deadly mistakes.
Life-saving signs
Before sirens sound or mobile phones send alerts, nature itself often gives advance warning. If you’re on the coast and feel a strong earthquake that lasts more than twenty seconds, it’s time to suspect the ocean might react. Sometimes the warning is visual: the sea suddenly recedes, revealing rocks and reefs that are normally hidden underwater.
Other times, it is a deep sound resembling the roar of a train or a distant airplane—an unmistakable sign that the wave is approaching. When any of these signs appear, do not wait for official confirmation. Every second counts.
Where to seek safety?
The most repeated recommendation from experts and authorities is clear: go to higher ground or move inland. If there are no nearby hills, solid multi-story buildings can serve as temporary shelters. Concrete rooftops and reinforced rooftops are preferable, as long as the structure appears stable.
In port areas, abandoning boats and heading to solid ground is usually the best option if the tsunami is local—that is, if the earthquake occurred near the coast. For distant tsunamis, generated hundreds or thousands of kilometers away, boats may head to deep waters following official instructions, but never on personal initiative without reliable information.
Never approach the sea to observe it or attempt to record the phenomenon from the shore. Curiosity is deadly when the ocean decides to come ashore.
What comes after
Don’t think once the first wave is over you’re safe, because the water can keep moving for hours, pulling strong currents and carrying debris that can injure or trap you. And even after it’s calm, the floodwater left behind might be full of fuel, sewage, or other toxic materials—things you definitely don’t want to be near.
After authorities issue the all-clear signal, returning must be done with caution. Before entering any home, it’s important to check for structural damage, gas leaks, or short circuits. Any food that came into contact with floodwater is considered contaminated. Even tap water may require testing before being consumed.
A lesson history repeats
The earthquake in Kamchatka that occurred recently is only the latest reminder of a phenomenon that has marked human history. In 2004, the Indian Ocean tsunami left more than 230,000 dead in 14 countries. Then, in 2011, Japan experienced its most recent disaster, with waves over 10 meters high hitting Fukushima.
It depends on the ocean
The ocean may always have the final say—but how things end can still depend on us. In a world where alerts can reach us in seconds, what really matters is how we respond. So, knowing where to go, practicing what to do, and recognizing nature’s warning signs can make all the difference—it could literally save your life.