The dispute centres on what Unite has described as a “miserly” 1% pay offer made to drivers employed by Turners (Soham) Limited at its Grangemouth depot.
Unite has warned that strike action would hit fuel supplies to major airlines, including Jet2, easyJet and Emirates, affecting operations at Glasgow Airport.
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The ballot will close on September 4, with any industrial action expected to follow later that month.
The union said Turner’s 1% offer comes despite inflation rising to 3.8% in July and the company posting after-tax profits of £51 million in 2023, according to its latest published accounts.
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Unite general secretary, Sharon Graham, said: “Unite Turners’ drivers will not accept a miserly pay offer from a very profitable company.
“We will fully support our members in their fight to secure better jobs, pay and conditions.”
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Unite regional officer, Lyn Turner, said: “The logistic drivers based out of Grangemouth are a key group of workers providing fuel supplies to airlines at Edinburgh, Glasgow and Newcastle airports.
“Turners need to come to its senses and make a fair pay offer to our members.”