{"id":118087,"date":"2025-05-20T21:34:15","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T21:34:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/118087\/"},"modified":"2025-05-20T21:34:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T21:34:15","slug":"vortices-and-antivortices-in-antiferroelectric-pbzro3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/118087\/","title":{"rendered":"Vortices and antivortices in antiferroelectric PbZrO3"},"content":{"rendered":"<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"1.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Rodriguez, B. J. et al. Vortex polarization states in nanoscale ferroelectric arrays. Nano Lett. <b>9<\/b>, 1127\u20131131 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/nl8036646\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/nl8036646\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Fnl8036646\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/nl8036646\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlensb4%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19191502\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Vortex%20polarization%20states%20in%20nanoscale%20ferroelectric%20arrays&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Fnl8036646&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=1127-1131&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Rodriguez%2CBJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"2.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Jia, C. L., Urban, K. W., Alexe, M., Hesse, D. &amp; Vrejoiu, I. Direct observation of continuous electric dipole rotation in flux-closure domains in ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. Science <b>331<\/b>, 1420\u20131423 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1200605\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1200605\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1200605\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1200605\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjtFSkt70%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21415348\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Direct%20observation%20of%20continuous%20electric%20dipole%20rotation%20in%20flux-closure%20domains%20in%20ferroelectric%20Pb%28Zr%2CTi%29O3&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1200605&amp;volume=331&amp;pages=1420-1423&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Jia%2CCL&amp;author=Urban%2CKW&amp;author=Alexe%2CM&amp;author=Hesse%2CD&amp;author=Vrejoiu%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"3.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Nelson, C. T. et al. Spontaneous vortex nanodomain arrays at ferroelectric heterointerfaces. Nano Lett. <b>11<\/b>, 828\u2013834 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/nl1041808\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/nl1041808\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Fnl1041808\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/nl1041808\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXosVyqtw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21247184\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spontaneous%20vortex%20nanodomain%20arrays%20at%20ferroelectric%20heterointerfaces&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Fnl1041808&amp;volume=11&amp;pages=828-834&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Nelson%2CCT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"4.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Tang, Y. L. et al. Observation of a periodic array of flux-closure quadrants in strained ferroelectric PbTiO3 films. Science <b>348<\/b>, 547\u2013551 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1259869\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1259869\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1259869\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1259869\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXntF2gurw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25883317\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20a%20periodic%20array%20of%20flux-closure%20quadrants%20in%20strained%20ferroelectric%20PbTiO3%20films&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1259869&amp;volume=348&amp;pages=547-551&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Tang%2CYL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"5.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Yadav, A. K. et al. Observation of polar vortices in oxide superlattices. Nature <b>530<\/b>, 198\u2013201 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature16463\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature16463\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature16463\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature16463\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhsFyitLc%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26814971\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20polar%20vortices%20in%20oxide%20superlattices&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature16463&amp;volume=530&amp;pages=198-201&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Yadav%2CAK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"6.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Liu, Y. et al. Large scale two-dimensional flux-closure domain arrays in oxide multilayers and their controlled growth. Nano Lett. <b>17<\/b>, 7258\u20137266 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b02615\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b02615\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.7b02615\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b02615\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhsl2gsrnJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29125773\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Large%20scale%20two-dimensional%20flux-closure%20domain%20arrays%20in%20oxide%20multilayers%20and%20their%20controlled%20growth&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.7b02615&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=7258-7266&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Liu%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"7.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Das, S. et al. Observation of room-temperature polar skyrmions. Nature <b>568<\/b>, 368\u2013372 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-019-1092-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-019-1092-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1092-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-019-1092-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXovFaqs7k%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30996320\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20room-temperature%20polar%20skyrmions&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1092-8&amp;volume=568&amp;pages=368-372&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Das%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"8.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Luk\u2019yanchuk, I., Tikhonov, Y., Razumnaya, A. &amp; Vinokur, V. M. Hopfions emerge in ferroelectrics. Nat. Commun. <b>11<\/b>, 2423 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-16258-w\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-16258-w\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-16258-w\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-16258-w\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Hopfions%20emerge%20in%20ferroelectrics&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-020-16258-w&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Luk%E2%80%99yanchuk%2CI&amp;author=Tikhonov%2CY&amp;author=Razumnaya%2CA&amp;author=Vinokur%2CVM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"9.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Luk\u2019yanchuk I., Razumnaya A., Kondovych S., Tikhonov Y. &amp; Vinokur V. M. Topological ferroelectric chirality. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2406.19728\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2406.19728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2406.19728<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"10.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Naumov, I. I., Bellaiche, L. &amp; Fu, H. X. Unusual phase transitions in ferroelectric nanodisks and nanorods. Nature <b>432<\/b>, 737\u2013740 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature03107\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature03107\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature03107\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature03107\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVGmtLbP\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=15592408\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Unusual%20phase%20transitions%20in%20ferroelectric%20nanodisks%20and%20nanorods&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature03107&amp;volume=432&amp;pages=737-740&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Naumov%2CII&amp;author=Bellaiche%2CL&amp;author=Fu%2CHX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"11.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Jung, H. et al. Logic operations based on magnetic-vortex-state networks. ACS Nano <b>6<\/b>, 3712\u20133717 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/nn3000143\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/nn3000143\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Fnn3000143\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/nn3000143\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmtVGrsr0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22533663\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Logic%20operations%20based%20on%20magnetic-vortex-state%20networks&amp;journal=ACS%20Nano&amp;doi=10.1021%2Fnn3000143&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=3712-3717&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Jung%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"12.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Yadav, A. K. et al. Spatially resolved steady-state negative capacitance. Nature <b>565<\/b>, 468\u2013471 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0855-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0855-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0855-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0855-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXlvFSns7Y%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30643207\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spatially%20resolved%20steady-state%20negative%20capacitance&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0855-y&amp;volume=565&amp;pages=468-471&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Yadav%2CAK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"13.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Balke, N. et al. Enhanced electric conductivity at ferroelectric vortex cores in BiFeO3. Nat. Phys. <b>8<\/b>, 81\u201388 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nphys2132\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nphys2132\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnphys2132\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nphys2132\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVagtb%2FJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Enhanced%20electric%20conductivity%20at%20ferroelectric%20vortex%20cores%20in%20BiFeO3&amp;journal=Nat.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnphys2132&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=81-88&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Balke%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"14.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Aguado-Puente, P. &amp; Junquera, J. Ferromagneticlike closure domains in ferroelectric ultrathin films: first-principles simulations. Phys. Rev. Lett. <b>100<\/b>, 177601 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.177601\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.177601\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.100.177601\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.177601\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18518337\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ferromagneticlike%20closure%20domains%20in%20ferroelectric%20ultrathin%20films%3A%20first-principles%20simulations&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.100.177601&amp;volume=100&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Aguado-Puente%2CP&amp;author=Junquera%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"15.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Kittel, C. Theory of antiferroelectric crystals. Phys. Rev. <b>82<\/b>, 729\u2013732 (1951).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.82.729\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.82.729\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRev.82.729\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.82.729\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaG3MXjslOruw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Theory%20of%20antiferroelectric%20crystals&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRev.82.729&amp;volume=82&amp;pages=729-732&amp;publication_year=1951&amp;author=Kittel%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"16.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Shirane, G., Sawaguchi, E. &amp; Takagi, Y. Dielectric properties of lead zirconate. Phys. Rev. <b>84<\/b>, 476\u2013481 (1951).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.84.476\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.84.476\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRev.84.476\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.84.476\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaG38XhtVeltA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dielectric%20properties%20of%20lead%20zirconate&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRev.84.476&amp;volume=84&amp;pages=476-481&amp;publication_year=1951&amp;author=Shirane%2CG&amp;author=Sawaguchi%2CE&amp;author=Takagi%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"17.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Sawaguchi, E., Maniwa, H. &amp; Hoshino, S. Antiferroelectric structure of lead zirconate. Phys. Rev. <b>83<\/b>, 1078\u20131078 (1951).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.83.1078\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.83.1078\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRev.83.1078\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRev.83.1078\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaG3MXlvVOjtw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Antiferroelectric%20structure%20of%20lead%20zirconate&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRev.83.1078&amp;volume=83&amp;pages=1078-1078&amp;publication_year=1951&amp;author=Sawaguchi%2CE&amp;author=Maniwa%2CH&amp;author=Hoshino%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"18.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Corker, D. L., Glazer, A. M., Dec, J., Roleder, K. &amp; Whatmore, R. W. A re-investigation of the crystal structure of the perovskite PbZrO3 by X-ray and neutron diffraction. Acta Cryst. B <b>53<\/b>, 135\u2013142 (1997).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1107\/S0108768196012414\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1107\/S0108768196012414\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107%2FS0108768196012414\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1107\/S0108768196012414\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20re-investigation%20of%20the%20crystal%20structure%20of%20the%20perovskite%20PbZrO3%20by%20X-ray%20and%20neutron%20diffraction&amp;journal=Acta%20Cryst.%20B&amp;doi=10.1107%2FS0108768196012414&amp;volume=53&amp;pages=135-142&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Corker%2CDL&amp;author=Glazer%2CAM&amp;author=Dec%2CJ&amp;author=Roleder%2CK&amp;author=Whatmore%2CRW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"19.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Sapriel, J. Domain-wall orientations in ferroelastics. Phys. Rev. B <b>12<\/b>, 5128\u20135140 (1975).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.12.5128\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.12.5128\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.12.5128\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.12.5128\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaE28XmvVWjsw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Domain-wall%20orientations%20in%20ferroelastics&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.12.5128&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=5128-5140&amp;publication_year=1975&amp;author=Sapriel%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"20.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Liu, Y. et al. Controlled growth and atomic-scale mapping of charged heterointerfaces in PbTiO3\/BiFeO3 bilayers. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces <b>9<\/b>, 25578\u201325586 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acsami.7b04681\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acsami.7b04681\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facsami.7b04681\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acsami.7b04681\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtFSnurfF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28677952\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Controlled%20growth%20and%20atomic-scale%20mapping%20of%20charged%20heterointerfaces%20in%20PbTiO3%2FBiFeO3%20bilayers&amp;journal=ACS%20Appl.%20Mater.%20Interfaces&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facsami.7b04681&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=25578-25586&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Liu%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"21.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Wang, W. Y. et al. Atomic level 1D structural modulations at the negatively charged domain walls in BiFeO3 films. Adv. Mater. Interfaces <b>2<\/b>, 1500024 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/admi.201500024\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/admi.201500024\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fadmi.201500024\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/admi.201500024\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Atomic%20level%201D%20structural%20modulations%20at%20the%20negatively%20charged%20domain%20walls%20in%20BiFeO3%20films&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.%20Interfaces&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fadmi.201500024&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Wang%2CWY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"22.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Tang, Y. L. et al. Atomic-scale mapping of dipole frustration at 90\u00b0 charged domain walls in ferroelectric PbTiO3 films. Sci. Rep. <b>4<\/b>, 4115 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/srep04115\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/srep04115\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fsrep04115\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/srep04115\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BC2cvlvFejsg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24534846\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3927212\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Atomic-scale%20mapping%20of%20dipole%20frustration%20at%2090%C2%B0%20charged%20domain%20walls%20in%20ferroelectric%20PbTiO3%20films&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fsrep04115&amp;volume=4&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Tang%2CYL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"23.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Ma, T., Fan, Z., Tan, X. &amp; Zhou, L. Atomically resolved domain boundary structure in lead zirconate-based antiferroelectrics. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>115<\/b>, 122902 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/1.5115039\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/1.5115039\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F1.5115039\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/1.5115039\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Atomically%20resolved%20domain%20boundary%20structure%20in%20lead%20zirconate-based%20antiferroelectrics&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F1.5115039&amp;volume=115&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Ma%2CT&amp;author=Fan%2CZ&amp;author=Tan%2CX&amp;author=Zhou%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"24.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Nord, M., Vullum, P. E., MacLaren, I., Tybell, T. &amp; Holmestad, R. Atomap: a new software tool for the automated analysis of atomic resolution images using two-dimensional Gaussian fitting. Adv. Struct. Chem. Imaging <b>3<\/b>, 9 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s40679-017-0042-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s40679-017-0042-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s40679-017-0042-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s40679-017-0042-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28251043\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5306439\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Atomap%3A%20a%20new%20software%20tool%20for%20the%20automated%20analysis%20of%20atomic%20resolution%20images%20using%20two-dimensional%20Gaussian%20fitting&amp;journal=Adv.%20Struct.%20Chem.%20Imaging&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs40679-017-0042-5&amp;volume=3&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Nord%2CM&amp;author=Vullum%2CPE&amp;author=MacLaren%2CI&amp;author=Tybell%2CT&amp;author=Holmestad%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"25.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Liu, Y. et al. Translational boundaries as incipient ferrielectric domains in antiferroelectric PbZrO3. Phys. Rev. Lett. <b>130<\/b>, 216801 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.216801\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.216801\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.130.216801\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.216801\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXht1emtrnM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37295088\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Translational%20boundaries%20as%20incipient%20ferrielectric%20domains%20in%20antiferroelectric%20PbZrO3&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.130.216801&amp;volume=130&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Liu%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"26.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Liu, Y. et al. Atomic coordinates and polarization map around a pair of 1\/2 a[01\\(\\bar{1}\\)] dislocation cores produced by plastic deformation in relaxor ferroelectric PIN-PMN-PT. J. Appl. Phys. <b>129<\/b>, 234101 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1063\/5.0049036\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1063\/5.0049036\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063%2F5.0049036\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1063\/5.0049036\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhtlentb3J\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=&amp;journal=J.%20Appl.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1063%2F5.0049036&amp;volume=129&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Liu%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"27.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Cabral, M. J., Chen, Z. &amp; Liao, X. Scanning transmission electron microscopy for advanced characterization of ferroic materials. Microstructures <b>3<\/b>, 2023040 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.20517\/microstructures.2023.39\" data-track-item_id=\"10.20517\/microstructures.2023.39\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517%2Fmicrostructures.2023.39\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.20517\/microstructures.2023.39\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXht1eksLbK\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Scanning%20transmission%20electron%20microscopy%20for%20advanced%20characterization%20of%20ferroic%20materials&amp;journal=Microstructures&amp;doi=10.20517%2Fmicrostructures.2023.39&amp;volume=3&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Cabral%2CMJ&amp;author=Chen%2CZ&amp;author=Liao%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"28.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Moore, K. et al. Charged domain wall and polar vortex topologies in a room-temperature magnetoelectric multiferroic thin film. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces <b>14<\/b>, 5525\u20135536 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acsami.1c17383\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acsami.1c17383\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facsami.1c17383\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acsami.1c17383\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xhtl2gsLw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35044754\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8815039\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Charged%20domain%20wall%20and%20polar%20vortex%20topologies%20in%20a%20room-temperature%20magnetoelectric%20multiferroic%20thin%20film&amp;journal=ACS%20Appl.%20Mater.%20Interfaces&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facsami.1c17383&amp;volume=14&amp;pages=5525-5536&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Moore%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"29.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Hong, Z. et al. Vortex domain walls in ferroelectrics. Nano Lett. <b>21<\/b>, 3533\u20133539 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00404\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00404\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.1c00404\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00404\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXovFelu7w%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33872021\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Vortex%20domain%20walls%20in%20ferroelectrics&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.1c00404&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=3533-3539&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Hong%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"30.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Li, F., Nattermann, T. &amp; Pokrovsky, V. L. Vortex domain walls in helical magnets. Phys. Rev. Lett. <b>108<\/b>, 107203 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.107203\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.107203\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.108.107203\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.107203\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22463449\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Vortex%20domain%20walls%20in%20helical%20magnets&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.108.107203&amp;volume=108&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Li%2CF&amp;author=Nattermann%2CT&amp;author=Pokrovsky%2CVL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"31.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Mermin, N. D. The topological theory of defects in ordered media. Rev. Mod. Phys. <b>51<\/b>, 591\u2013648 (1979).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.51.591\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.51.591\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.51.591\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/RevModPhys.51.591\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXlvF2jsLc%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20topological%20theory%20of%20defects%20in%20ordered%20media&amp;journal=Rev.%20Mod.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FRevModPhys.51.591&amp;volume=51&amp;pages=591-648&amp;publication_year=1979&amp;author=Mermin%2CND\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"32.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Zhang, H. et al. Finite-temperature properties of the antiferroelectric perovskite PbZrO3 from a deep-learning interatomic potential. Phys. Rev. B <b>110<\/b>, 054109 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.110.054109\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.110.054109\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.110.054109\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevB.110.054109\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXitlWks77I\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Finite-temperature%20properties%20of%20the%20antiferroelectric%20perovskite%20PbZrO3%20from%20a%20deep-learning%20interatomic%20potential&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevB.110.054109&amp;volume=110&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Zhang%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"33.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Shapovalov, K. &amp; Stengel, M. Tilt-driven antiferroelectricity in PbZrO3. Phys. Rev. Mater. <b>7<\/b>, L071401 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.7.L071401\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.7.L071401\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevMaterials.7.L071401\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.7.L071401\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXhs1KnsL7P\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tilt-driven%20antiferroelectricity%20in%20PbZrO3&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevMaterials.7.L071401&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Shapovalov%2CK&amp;author=Stengel%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"34.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Abid, A. Y. et al. Creating polar antivortex in PbTiO3\/SrTiO3 superlattice. Nat. Commun. <b>12<\/b>, 2054 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-22356-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-22356-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-021-22356-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-22356-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXosVCit7o%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33824335\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8024303\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Creating%20polar%20antivortex%20in%20PbTiO3%2FSrTiO3%20superlattice&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-021-22356-0&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Abid%2CAY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"35.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Hu, T. et al. Hierarchical domain structures in (Pb,La)(Zr, Sn, Ti)O3 antiferroelectric ceramics. Ceram. Int. <b>46<\/b>, 22575 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.06.018\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.06.018\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ceramint.2020.06.018\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2020.06.018\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFOhs7rO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 35\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Hierarchical%20domain%20structures%20in%20%28Pb%2CLa%29%28Zr%2C%20Sn%2C%20Ti%29O3%20antiferroelectric%20ceramics&amp;journal=Ceram.%20Int.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ceramint.2020.06.018&amp;volume=46&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Hu%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"36.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">S\u00e1nchez-Santolino, G. et al. A 2D ferroelectric vortex pattern in twisted BaTiO3 freestanding layers. Nature <b>626<\/b>, 529\u2013534 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-023-06978-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-023-06978-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-023-06978-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-023-06978-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38356067\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10866709\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%202D%20ferroelectric%20vortex%20pattern%20in%20twisted%20BaTiO3%20freestanding%20layers&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-023-06978-6&amp;volume=626&amp;pages=529-534&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=S%C3%A1nchez-Santolino%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"37.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">MacLaren, I., Villaurrutia, R., Schaffer, B., Houben, L., &amp; Pel\u00e1iz-Barranco, A. Atomic-scale imaging and quantification of electrical polarisation in incommensurate antiferroelectric lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>22<\/b>, 261\u2013266 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/adfm.201101220\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/adfm.201101220\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fadfm.201101220\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/adfm.201101220\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVejsrrF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Atomic-scale%20imaging%20and%20quantification%20of%20electrical%20polarisation%20in%20incommensurate%20antiferroelectric%20lanthanum-doped%20lead%20zirconate%20titanate&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fadfm.201101220&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=261-266&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=MacLaren%2CI&amp;author=Villaurrutia%2CR&amp;author=Schaffer%2CB&amp;author=Houben%2CL&amp;author=Pel%C3%A1iz-Barranco%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"38.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Fu, Z. et al. Unveiling the ferrielectric nature of PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric materials. Nat. Commun. <b>11<\/b>, 3809 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-17664-w\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-17664-w\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-17664-w\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-17664-w\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFajsb%2FI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32732868\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7392892\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Unveiling%20the%20ferrielectric%20nature%20of%20PbZrO3-based%20antiferroelectric%20materials&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-020-17664-w&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Fu%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"39.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Ma, T. et al. Uncompensated polarization in incommensurate modulations of perovskite antiferroelectrics. Phys. Rev. Lett. <b>123<\/b>, 217602 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.217602\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.217602\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.123.217602\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.217602\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvFymur0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31809133\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Uncompensated%20polarization%20in%20incommensurate%20modulations%20of%20perovskite%20antiferroelectrics&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.123.217602&amp;volume=123&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Ma%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"40.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Wei, X.-K., Jia, C.-L., Roleder, K., Dunin-Borkowski, R. E. &amp; Mayer, J. In situ observation of point-defect-induced unit-cell-wise energy storage pathway in antiferroelectric PbZrO3. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>31<\/b>, 2008609 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/adfm.202008609\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/adfm.202008609\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fadfm.202008609\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/adfm.202008609\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsFOrsLs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=In%20situ%20observation%20of%20point-defect-induced%20unit-cell-wise%20energy%20storage%20pathway%20in%20antiferroelectric%20PbZrO3&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fadfm.202008609&amp;volume=31&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Wei%2CX-K&amp;author=Jia%2CC-L&amp;author=Roleder%2CK&amp;author=Dunin-Borkowski%2CRE&amp;author=Mayer%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"41.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Thompson, A. P., Aktulga, H. M. &amp; Berger, R. LAMMPS\u2014a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales. Comput. Phys. Commun. <b>271<\/b>, 108171 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.cpc.2021.108171\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.cpc.2021.108171\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.cpc.2021.108171\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.cpc.2021.108171\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXitlSrsb7O\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=LAMMPS%E2%80%94a%20flexible%20simulation%20tool%20for%20particle-based%20materials%20modeling%20at%20the%20atomic%2C%20meso%2C%20and%20continuum%20scales&amp;journal=Comput.%20Phys.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.cpc.2021.108171&amp;volume=271&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Thompson%2CAP&amp;author=Aktulga%2CHM&amp;author=Berger%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Rodriguez, B. J. et al. Vortex polarization states in nanoscale ferroelectric arrays. Nano Lett. 9, 1127\u20131131 (2009). Article\u00a0&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":118088,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3845],"tags":[31328,11704,12373,3968,22098,31329,12795,74,70,52851,16,15],"class_list":{"0":"post-118087","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-physics","8":"tag-biomaterials","9":"tag-condensed-matter-physics","10":"tag-ferroelectrics-and-multiferroics","11":"tag-general","12":"tag-materials-science","13":"tag-nanotechnology","14":"tag-optical-and-electronic-materials","15":"tag-physics","16":"tag-science","17":"tag-topological-defects","18":"tag-uk","19":"tag-united-kingdom"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@uk\/114542311125916790","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118087"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118087\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118087"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118087"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}