{"id":168691,"date":"2025-06-08T22:26:30","date_gmt":"2025-06-08T22:26:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/168691\/"},"modified":"2025-06-08T22:26:30","modified_gmt":"2025-06-08T22:26:30","slug":"ancient-dna-from-the-green-sahara-reveals-ancestral-north-african-lineage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/168691\/","title":{"rendered":"Ancient DNA from the Green Sahara reveals ancestral North African lineage"},"content":{"rendered":"
  • \n

    Kuper, R. & Kr\u00f6pelin, S. Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of Africa\u2019s evolution. Science 313<\/b>, 803\u2013807 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    van de Loosdrecht, M. et al. Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations. Science 360<\/b>, 548\u2013552 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    COHMAP Members. Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: observations and model simulations. Science 241<\/b>, 1043\u20131052 (1988).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ritchie, J. C., Eyles, C. H. & Haynes, C. V. Sediment and pollen evidence for an early to mid-Holocene humid period in the eastern Sahara. Nature 314<\/b>, 352\u2013355 (1985).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tierney, J. E., Pausata, F. S. R. & deMenocal, P. B. Rainfall regimes of the Green Sahara. Sci. Adv. 3<\/b>, e1601503 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gasse, F. Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quat. Sci. Rev. 19<\/b>, 189\u2013211 (2000).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hoelzmann, P., Keding, B., Berke, H., Kr\u00f6pelin, S. & Kruse, H.-J. Environmental change and archaeology: lake evolution and human occupation in the Eastern Sahara during the Holocene. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 169<\/b>, 193\u2013217 (2001).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fregel, R. et al. Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115<\/b>, 6774\u20136779 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sim\u00f5es, L. G. et al. Northwest African Neolithic initiated by migrants from Iberia and Levant. Nature https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06166-6<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    di Lernia, S. Earliest Herders of the Central Sahara (Tadrart Acacus Mountains, Libya): a punctuated model for the emergence of pastoralism in Africa. J. World Prehist. 34<\/b>, 531\u2013594 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Smith, A. Pastoralism in Africa. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190277734.013.1066<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    McDonald, M. M. A. The pattern of Neolithization in Dakhleh Oasis in the Eastern Sahara. Quat. Int. 410<\/b>, 181\u2013197 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Vai, S. et al. Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic \u2018green\u2019 Sahara. Sci. Rep. 9<\/b>, 3530 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Manning, K. et al. Habitat fragmentation and the sporadic spread of pastoralism in the mid-Holocene Sahara. Quat. Sci. Rev. 309<\/b>, 108070 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cremaschi, M. et al. Takarkori rock shelter (SW Libya): an archive of Holocene climate and environmental changes in the central Sahara. Quat. Sci. Rev. 101<\/b>, 36\u201360 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Biagetti, S. & di Lernia, S. Holocene deposits of saharan rock shelters: the case of Takarkori and other sites from the Tadrart Acacus Mountains (Southwest Libya). Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 30<\/b>, 305\u2013338 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    di Lernia, S., Massamba N\u2019siala, I. & Mercuri, A. M. Saharan prehistoric basketry. Archaeological and archaeobotanical analysis of the early-middle Holocene assemblage from Takarkori (Acacus Mts., SW Libya). J. Archaeol. Sci. 39<\/b>, 1837\u20131853 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dunne, J., Mercuri, A. M., Evershed, R. P., Bruni, S. & di Lernia, S. Earliest direct evidence of plant processing in prehistoric Saharan pottery. Nat. Plants 3<\/b>, 16194 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rotunno, R., Cavorsi, L. & di Lernia, S. A Holocene ceramic sequence in the Central Sahara: pottery traditions and social dynamics seen from the Takarkori Rockshelter (SW Libya). Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 40<\/b>, 647\u2013672 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Van Neer, W. et al. Aquatic fauna from the Takarkori rock shelter reveals the Holocene central Saharan climate and palaeohydrography. PLoS ONE 15<\/b>, e0228588 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cherkinsky, A. & di Lernia, S. Bayesian approach to 14C dates for estimation of long-term archaeological sequences in arid environments: the Holocene site of Takarkori rockshelter, southwest Libya. Radiocarbon 55<\/b>, 771\u2013782 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lernia, S. di, di Lernia, S. & Tafuri, M. A. Persistent deathplaces and mobile landmarks: the Holocene mortuary and isotopic record from Wadi Takarkori (SW Libya). J. Anthropological Archaeol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaa.2012.07.002<\/a> (2013).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dunne, J. et al. First dairying in green Saharan Africa in the fifth millennium BC. Nature 486<\/b>, 390\u2013394 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tafuri, M. A., Bentley, R. A., Manzi, G. & di Lernia, S. Mobility and kinship in the prehistoric Sahara: strontium isotope analysis of Holocene human skeletons from the Acacus Mts. (southwestern Libya). J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 25<\/b>, 390\u2013402 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rohland, N. et al. Three assays for in-solution enrichment of ancient human DNA at more than a million SNPs. Genome Res. 32<\/b>, 2068\u20132078 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mathieson, I. et al. Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians. Nature 528<\/b>, 499\u2013503 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fu, Q. et al. An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor. Nature 524<\/b>, 216\u2013219 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lazaridis, I. et al. Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. Nature 513<\/b>, 409\u2013413 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fan, S. et al. African evolutionary history inferred from whole genome sequence data of 44 indigenous African populations. Genome Biol. 20<\/b>, 82 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Patterson, N. et al. Ancient admixture in human history. Genetics 192<\/b>, 1065\u20131093 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bergstr\u00f6m, A. et al. Insights into human genetic variation and population history from 929 diverse genomes. Science 367<\/b>, eaay5012 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mallick, S. et al. The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations. Nature 538<\/b>, 201\u2013206 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Meyer, M. et al. A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual. Science 338<\/b>, 222\u2013226 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pickrell, J. K. et al. The genetic prehistory of southern Africa. Nat. Commun. 3<\/b>, 1143 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Skoglund, P. et al. Reconstructing prehistoric African population structure. Cell 171<\/b>, 59\u201371.e21 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lazaridis, I. et al. Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East. Nature 536<\/b>, 419\u2013424 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pickrell, J. K. et al. Ancient west Eurasian ancestry in southern and eastern Africa. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111<\/b>, 2632\u20132637 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    D\u2019Atanasio, E. et al. The genomic echoes of the last Green Sahara on the Fulani and Sahelian people. Curr. Biol. 33<\/b>, 5495\u20135504 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, K. et al. Ancient genomes reveal complex patterns of population movement, interaction, and replacement in sub-Saharan Africa. Sci. Adv. 6<\/b>, eaaz0183 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lipson, M. et al. Ancient DNA and deep population structure in sub-Saharan African foragers. Nature 603<\/b>, 290\u2013296 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Llorente, M. G. et al. Ancient Ethiopian genome reveals extensive Eurasian admixture in Eastern Africa. Science 350<\/b>, 820\u2013822 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Harney, \u00c9. et al. Ancient DNA from Chalcolithic Israel reveals the role of population mixture in cultural transformation. Nat. Commun. 9<\/b>, 3336 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Prendergast, M. E. et al. Ancient DNA reveals a multistep spread of the first herders into sub-Saharan Africa. Science 365<\/b>, eaaw6275 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schlebusch, C. M. et al. Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago. Science 358<\/b>, 652\u2013655 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Paris, F. in The Origins and Development of African Livestock: Archaeology, Genetics, Linguistics, and Ethnography (ed. MacDonald, K. B. R.) 111\u2013126 (UCL Press, 2000).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Vernet, R. in Droughts, Food and Culture 47\u201363 (Kluwer Academic, 2006).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pr\u00fcfer, K. et al. A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlat\u00fd k\u016f\u0148 in Czechia. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 5<\/b>, 820\u2013825 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Peter, B. M. 100,000 years of gene flow between Neandertals and Denisovans in the Altai mountains. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.13.990523<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Narasimhan, V. M. et al. The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia. Science 365<\/b>, eaat7487 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Maier, R. et al. On the limits of fitting complex models of population history to f-statistics. eLife 12<\/b>, e85492 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Garcea, E. A. A. An alternative way towards food production: the perspective from the Libyan Sahara. J. World Prehist. 18<\/b>, 107\u2013154 (2004).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mercuri, A. M., Fornaciari, R., Gallinaro, M., Vanin, S. & di Lernia, S. Plant behaviour from human imprints and the cultivation of wild cereals in Holocene Sahara. Nat. Plants 4<\/b>, 71\u201381 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    di Lernia, S. Dismantling dung: delayed use of food resources among Early Holocene foragers of the Libyan Sahara. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 20<\/b>, 408\u2013441 (2001).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rotunno, R., Mercuri, A. M., Florenzano, A., Zerboni, A. & di Lernia, S. Coprolites from rock shelters: hunter-gatherers \u2018herding\u2019 barbary sheep in the Early Holocene Sahara. J. Afr. Archaeol. 17<\/b>, 76\u201394 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kr\u00f6pelin, S. et al. Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years. Science 320<\/b>, 765\u2013768 (2008).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hoelzmann, P. et al. in Past Climate Variability through Europe and Africa (eds Battarbee, R. W. et al.) 219\u2013256 (Springer, 2004).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Di Lernia, S. Saharan Hunter-Gatherers: Specialization and Diversification in Holocene Southwestern Libya (Routledge, 2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Drake, N. A., Blench, R. M., Armitage, S. J., Bristow, C. S. & White, K. H. Ancient watercourses and biogeography of the Sahara explain the peopling of the desert. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108<\/b>, 458\u2013462 (2011).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Peter, B. M., Petkova, D. & Novembre, J. Genetic landscapes reveal how human genetic diversity aligns with geography. Mol. Biol. Evol. 37<\/b>, 943\u2013951 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cheddadi, R. et al. Early Holocene greening of the Sahara requires Mediterranean winter rainfall. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118<\/b>, e2024898118 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Profico, A. et al. Medical imaging as a taphonomic tool: the naturally-mummified bodies from Takarkori rock shelter (Tadrart Acacus, SW Libya, 6100-5600 uncal BP). J. Cult. Herit. Manage. Sust. Dev. 10<\/b>, 144\u2013156 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Stloukal, M. & Han\u00e1kov\u00e1, H. Die l\u00e4nge der l\u00e4ngsknochen Altslawischer bev\u00f6lkerungen unter besonderer ber\u00fccksichtigung von wachstumsfragen. Homo 29<\/b>, 53\u201369 (1978).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    France, D. L. Lab Manual and Workbook for Physical Anthropology (West, 1988).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ubelaker, D. H. Human Skeletal Remains. Excavation, Analysis, Interpretation (Taraxacum, 1989)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Buikstra, J. E. & Ubelaker, D. H. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains (Arkansas Archaeological Survey, 1994).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Todd, T. W. Age changes in the pubic bone. I. The male white pubis. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 3<\/b>, 285\u2013334 (1920).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Meindl, R. S. & Lovejoy, C. O. Ectocranial suture closure: a revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68<\/b>, 57\u201366 (1985).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lovejoy, C. O. Dental wear in the Libben population: its functional pattern and role in the determination of adult skeletal age at death. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68<\/b>, 47\u201356 (1985).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dabney, J. et al. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a Middle Pleistocene cave bear reconstructed from ultrashort DNA fragments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110<\/b>, 15758\u201315763 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schubert, M., Lindgreen, S. & Orlando, L. AdapterRemoval v2: rapid adapter trimming, identification, and read merging. BMC Res. Notes 9<\/b>, 88 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Peltzer, A. et al. EAGER: efficient ancient genome reconstruction. Genome Biol. 17<\/b>, 60 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, H. & Durbin, R. Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows\u2013Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics 25<\/b>, 1754\u20131760 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Peyr\u00e9gne, S. & Peter, B. M. AuthentiCT: a model of ancient DNA damage to estimate the proportion of present-day DNA contamination. Genome Biol. 21<\/b>, 246 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Renaud, G., Slon, V., Duggan, A. T. & Kelso, J. Schmutzi: estimation of contamination and endogenous mitochondrial consensus calling for ancient DNA. Genome Biol. 16<\/b>, 224 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Neukamm, J., Peltzer, A. & Nieselt, K. DamageProfiler: fast damage pattern calculation for ancient DNA. Bioinformatics 37<\/b>, 3652\u20133653 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Skoglund, P. et al. Separating endogenous ancient DNA from modern day contamination in a Siberian Neandertal. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111<\/b>, 2229\u20132234 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Patterson, N., Price, A. L. & Reich, D. Population structure and eigenanalysis. PLoS Genet. 2<\/b>, e190 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Haak, W. et al. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature 522<\/b>, 207\u2013211 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pr\u00fcfer, K. et al. The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains. Nature 505<\/b>, 43\u201349 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pr\u00fcfer, K. et al. A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Vindija Cave in Croatia. Science 358<\/b>, 655\u2013658 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mafessoni, F. et al. A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117<\/b>, 15132\u201315136 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    1000 Genomes Project Consortium. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 526<\/b>, 68\u201374 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Katoh, K. & Standley, D. M. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30<\/b>, 772\u2013780 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Posth, C. et al. Deeply divergent archaic mitochondrial genome provides lower time boundary for African gene flow into Neanderthals. Nat. Commun. 8<\/b>, 16046 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pugach, I. et al. Ancient DNA from Guam and the peopling of the Pacific. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118<\/b>, e2022112118 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pr\u00fcfer, K. snpAD: an ancient DNA genotype caller. Bioinformatics 34<\/b>, 4165\u20134171 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Weissensteiner, H. et al. HaploGrep 2: mitochondrial haplogroup classification in the era of high-throughput sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 44<\/b>, W58\u2013W63 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bouckaert, R. et al. BEAST 2.5: an advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. PLoS Comput. Biol. 15<\/b>, e1006650 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bouckaert, R. R. & Drummond, A. J. bModelTest: Bayesian phylogenetic site model averaging and model comparison. BMC Evol. Biol. 17<\/b>, 42 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ringbauer, H., Novembre, J. & Steinr\u00fccken, M. Parental relatedness through time revealed by runs of homozygosity in ancient DNA. Nat. Commun. 12<\/b>, 5425 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Alexander, D. H., Novembre, J. & Lange, K. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res. 19<\/b>, 1655\u20131664 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chang, C. C. et al. Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets. Gigascience 4<\/b>, 7 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Kuper, R. & Kr\u00f6pelin, S. Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of Africa\u2019s evolution. Science 313, 803\u2013807…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":168692,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3846],"tags":[55430,2397,12370,267,3900,3965,3966,12517,70,16,15],"class_list":{"0":"post-168691","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-genetics","8":"tag-anthropology","9":"tag-archaeology","10":"tag-evolutionary-genetics","11":"tag-genetics","12":"tag-genomics","13":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","14":"tag-multidisciplinary","15":"tag-population-genetics","16":"tag-science","17":"tag-uk","18":"tag-united-kingdom"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@uk\/114650099538996985","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=168691"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168691\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/168692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=168691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=168691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=168691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}