{"id":195065,"date":"2025-06-18T18:27:10","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T18:27:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/195065\/"},"modified":"2025-06-18T18:27:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T18:27:10","slug":"programmers-guide-to-theory-turing-thinking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/195065\/","title":{"rendered":"Programmer&#8217;s Guide To Theory &#8211; Turing Thinking"},"content":{"rendered":"<td id=\"IprogrammerMainArticleTextBody\" valign=\"top\">\n<tr>\n\t\tArticle Index<br \/>\n\t<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/18117-programmers-guide-to-theory-turing-thinking.html\" class=\"toclink active\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Programmer&#8217;s Guide To Theory &#8211; Turing Thinking<\/a>\n\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/18117-programmers-guide-to-theory-turing-thinking.html?start=1\" class=\"toclink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Turing Machines and Finite State Machines<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/18117-programmers-guide-to-theory-turing-thinking.html?start=2\" class=\"toclink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Finite State Turing<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p>Page 1 of 3<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Turing machines are the basis of computer science, but perhaps not in the way that you might think. There is a way of thinking about Turing machines that is special.<\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;&#13;&#13;<br \/>\n<strong>A Programmers Guide To Theory<br \/><\/strong>&#13;<br \/>\nNow available as a paperback and ebook from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/1871962439\/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;linkCode=ll1&amp;tag=iprog-20&amp;linkId=bd3937beef15218d3ec85e89c39423ac&amp;language=en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon<\/a>.&#13;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: center;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/cover600.jpg\" alt=\"cover600\" width=\"250\" height=\"323\"\/><\/p>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\nContents&#13;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<ol>&#13;<\/p>\n<li>What Is Computer Science?<br \/><strong>Part I What Is Computable?<\/strong><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li>What Is Computation?<\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/13330-programmers-guide-to-theory-the-halting-problem.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">The Halting Problem <\/a><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li>Finite State Machines<br \/>Extract 1: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/14816-programmers-guide-to-theory-finite-state-machines.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Finite State Machines<br \/><\/a>Extract 2: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/18117-programmers-guide-to-theory-turing-thinking.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Turing Thinking <\/a>***NEW!<\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/babbages-bag\/26-grammar-and-torture.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Practical Grammar<\/a><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li>Numbers, Infinity and Computation<br \/>Extract 1: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/13382-programmers-guide-to-theory-numbers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Numbers\u00a0<br \/><\/a>Extract 2: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/14027-programmers-guide-to-theory-aleph-zero-the-first-transfinite.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aleph Zero The First Transfinite<\/a><br \/>Extract 3: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/14308-programmers-guide-to-theory-in-search-of-aleph-one.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In Search Of Aleph-One<\/a><br \/>Extract 4: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/15283-programmers-guide-to-theory-transcendental-numbers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transcendental Numbers<\/a> <\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li>Kolmogorov Complexity and Randomness<br \/>Extract 1:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/13793-programmers-guide-to-theory-kolmogorov-complexity-and-randomness.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kolmogorov Complexity<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/theory\/13616-programmers-guide-to-theory-why-recursion.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/6156-axiom-of-choice-the-programmers-guide-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> The Algorithm of Choice<\/a><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/babbages-bag\/340-confronting-the-unprovable.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">G\u00f6del\u2019s Incompleteness Theorem<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/4514-lambda-calculus-for-programmers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lambda Calculus<\/a> <br \/><strong>Part II Bits, Codes and Logic<\/strong><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/babbages-bag\/213-information-theory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Information Theory\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/babbages-bag\/211-coding-theory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Splitting the Bit<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/babbages-bag\/214-error-correcting-codes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Error Correction\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/babbages-bag\/235-logic-logic-everything-is-logic.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Boolean Logic<\/a>\u00a0 <br \/><strong>Part III Computational Complexity<\/strong><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li>How Hard Can It Be?<br \/>Extract 1: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/13546-programmers-guide-to-theory-where-do-the-big-os-come-from.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Where Do The Big Os Come From <\/a><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li>Recursion<br \/>Extract 1: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/14765-programmers-guide-to-theory-what-is-recursion.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> What Is Recursion <\/a><br \/>Extract 2: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/13616-programmers-guide-to-theory-why-recursion.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why Recursion<\/a><\/li>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<li>NP Versus P Algorithms<br \/>Extract 1:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/13277-a-programmers-guide-to-theory-np-a-co-np-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> NP &amp; Co-NP <\/a><br \/>Extract 2: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/14081-programmers-guide-to-theory-np-complete.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NP Complete <\/a><\/li>\n<p>&#13;\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">\u2018\u2019\u2018\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">\u2018\u2019<\/p>\n<p>\u2192\u2192\u2192<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">\u201c\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">\u2013\u2018\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fig5.PNG\" alt=\"fig5\"\/><br clear=\"left\"\/><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">\u2019<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i-programmer.info\/programming\/72-theory\/18117-programmers-guide-to-theory-turing-thinking.html?start=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/td>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Article Index Programmer&#8217;s Guide To Theory &#8211; Turing Thinking Turing Machines and Finite State Machines Finite State Turing&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":195066,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3164],"tags":[49169,49174,49175,3284,49180,49167,49177,12,49172,49181,49164,49176,49166,49165,49171,49170,49168,49179,53,49178,16,15,49173],"class_list":{"0":"post-195065","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-computing","8":"tag-c","9":"tag-computer-book-reviews","10":"tag-computer-history","11":"tag-computing","12":"tag-developer-book-reviews","13":"tag-developer-news","14":"tag-joomla","15":"tag-news","16":"tag-php","17":"tag-programmer-news","18":"tag-programming-book-reviews","19":"tag-programming-history","20":"tag-programming-news","21":"tag-programming-tutorials","22":"tag-python","23":"tag-ruby","24":"tag-software-programmer-news","25":"tag-spreadsheets","26":"tag-technology","27":"tag-theory","28":"tag-uk","29":"tag-united-kingdom","30":"tag-visual-basic"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@uk\/114705782934607208","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=195065"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195065\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/195066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=195065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=195065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=195065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}