{"id":195234,"date":"2025-06-18T19:58:10","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T19:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/195234\/"},"modified":"2025-06-18T19:58:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T19:58:10","slug":"optical-nonlinearities-in-excess-of-500-through-sublattice-reconstruction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/195234\/","title":{"rendered":"Optical nonlinearities in excess of 500 through sublattice reconstruction"},"content":{"rendered":"
  • \n

    Li, Z. & Yin, Y. Stimuli\u2010responsive optical nanomaterials. Adv. Mater. 31<\/b>, 1807061 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Blum, A. P. et al. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for biomedical applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137<\/b>, 2140\u20132154 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Blasse, G. & Grabmaier, B. A General Introduction to Luminescent Materials (Springer, 1994).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liang, Y. et al. Migrating photon avalanche in different emitters at the nanoscale enables 46th-order optical nonlinearity. Nat. Nanotechnol. 17<\/b>, 524\u2013530 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lee, C. et al. Giant nonlinear optical responses from photon-avalanching nanoparticles. Nature 589<\/b>, 230\u2013235 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, C., Wen, Z., Pu, R. & Zhan, Q. Giant optical nonlinear response up to 60th-order induced by the ytterbium energy relay mediated photon avalanches. Laser Photon. Rev. 18<\/b>, 2400290 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Eaton, D. F. Nonlinear optical materials. Science 253<\/b>, 281\u2013287 (1991).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Martins, J. C. et al. Upconverting nanoparticles as primary thermometers and power sensors. Front. Photon. 3<\/b>, 1037473 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Su, Q. et al. Six-photon upconverted excitation energy lock-in for ultraviolet-C enhancement. Nat. Commun. 12<\/b>, 4367 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Haase, M. & Sch\u00e4fer, H. Upconverting nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50<\/b>, 5808\u20135829 (2011).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liu, Q. et al. Single upconversion nanoparticle imaging at sub-10 W cm\u22122 irradiance. Nat. Photon. 12<\/b>, 548\u2013553 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Auzel, F. Upconversion and anti-stokes processes with f and d ions in solids. Chem. Rev. 104<\/b>, 139\u2013174 (2004).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, M. et al. Lanthanide-doped KMgF3 upconversion nanoparticles for photon avalanche luminescence with giant nonlinearities. Nano Lett. 23<\/b>, 8576\u20138584 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Szalkowski, M. et al. Advances in the photon avalanche luminescence of inorganic lanthanide-doped nanomaterials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 54<\/b>, 983\u20131026 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wu, H. et al. Versatile cascade migrating photon avalanches for full-spectrum extremely nonlinear emissions and super-resolution microscopy. Adv. Photon. 6<\/b>, 056010 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhu, Z. et al. Three-dimensional, dual-color nanoscopy enabled by migrating photon avalanches with one single low-power CW beam. Sci. Bull. 69<\/b>, 458\u2013465 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Denkova, D. et al. 3D sub-diffraction imaging in a conventional confocal configuration by exploiting super-linear emitters. Nat. Commun. 10<\/b>, 3695 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liu, C. et al. Sub-60-nm isotropic 3D super-resolution microscopy through self-interference field excitation. Optica 11<\/b>, 1324\u20131333 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, C. et al. Tandem photon avalanches for various nanoscale emitters with optical nonlinearity up to 41st\u2010order through interfacial energy transfer. Adv. Mater. 36<\/b>, 2307848 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dudek, M. et al. Size\u2010dependent photon avalanching in Tm3+ doped LiYF4 nano, micro, and bulk crystals. Adv. Opt. Mater. 10<\/b>, 2201052 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dudek, M. et al. Understanding Yb3+-sensitized photon avalanche in Pr3+ co-doped nanocrystals: modelling and optimization. Nanoscale 15<\/b>, 18613\u201318623 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    You, W., Tu, D., Zheng, W., Huang, P. & Chen, X. Lanthanide-doped disordered crystals: site symmetry and optical properties. J. Lumin. 201<\/b>, 255\u2013264 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wisser, M. D. et al. Strain-induced modification of optical selection rules in lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 15<\/b>, 1891\u20131897 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dong, H., Sun, L.-D. & Yan, C.-H. Local structure engineering in lanthanide-doped nanocrystals for tunable upconversion emissions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143<\/b>, 20546\u201320561 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wisser, M. D. et al. Enhancing quantum yield via local symmetry distortion in lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles. ACS Photon. 3<\/b>, 1523\u20131530 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Goldner, P. & Pelle, F. Photon avalanche fluorescence and lasers. Opt. Mater. 5<\/b>, 239\u2013249 (1996).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bednarkiewicz, A., Chan, E. M., Kotulska, A., Marciniak, L. & Prorok, K. Photon avalanche in lanthanide doped nanoparticles for biomedical applications: super-resolution imaging. Nanoscale Horiz. 4<\/b>, 881\u2013889 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Villanueva-Delgado, P., Kr\u00e4mer, K. W., Valiente, R., de Jong, M. & Meijerink, A. Modeling blue to UV upconversion in \u03b2-NaYF4:Tm3+. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18<\/b>, 27396\u201327404 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Majak, M., Misiak, M. & Bednarkiewicz, A. The mechanisms behind the extreme susceptibility of photon avalanche emission to quenching. Mater. Horiz. 11<\/b>, 4791\u20134801 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Naccache, R., Yu, Q. & Capobianco, J. A. The fluoride host: nucleation, growth, and upconversion of lanthanide\u2010doped nanoparticles. Adv. Opt. Mater. 3<\/b>, 482\u2013509 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, F., Wang, J. & Liu, X. Direct evidence of a surface quenching effect on size-dependent luminescence of upconversion nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49<\/b>, 7456\u20137460 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    W\u00fcrth, C., Fischer, S., Grauel, B., Alivisatos, A. P. & Resch-Genger, U. Quantum yields, surface quenching, and passivation efficiency for ultrasmall core\/shell upconverting nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140<\/b>, 4922\u20134928 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lage, M. M., Moreira, R. L., Matinaga, F. M. & Gesland, J.-Y. Raman and infrared reflectivity determination of phonon modes and crystal structure of Czochralski-grown NaLnF4 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, and Gd) single crystals. Chem. Mater. 17<\/b>, 4523\u20134529 (2005).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    He, E. et al. Investigation of upconversion and downconversion fluorescence emissions from \u03b2-NaLn1F4:Yb3+, Ln23+ (Ln1 = Y, Lu; Ln2 = Er, Ho, Tm, Eu) hexagonal disk system. Mater. Res. Bull. 48<\/b>, 3505\u20133512 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tu, D. et al. Breakdown of crystallographic site symmetry in lanthanide\u2010doped NaYF4 crystals. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 4<\/b>, 1128\u20131133 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dong, H. et al. Efficient tailoring of upconversion selectivity by engineering local structure of lanthanides in NaxREF3+x nanocrystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137<\/b>, 6569\u20136576 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Arteaga Cardona, F. et al. Dramatic impact of materials combinations on the chemical organization of core\u2013shell nanocrystals: boosting the Tm3+ emission above 1600 nm. ACS Nano 18<\/b>, 26233\u201326250 (2024).<\/p>\n

    CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liu, Y. et al. Amplified stimulated emission in upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution nanoscopy. Nature 543<\/b>, 229\u2013233 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liang, L. et al. Continuous-wave near-infrared stimulated-emission depletion microscopy using downshifting lanthanide nanoparticles. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16<\/b>, 975\u2013980 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lee, C. et al. Indefinite and bidirectional near-infrared nanocrystal photoswitching. Nature 618<\/b>, 951\u2013958 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhou, J. et al. Activation of the surface dark-layer to enhance upconversion in a thermal field. Nat. Photon. 12<\/b>, 154\u2013158 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Xu, H. et al. Anomalous upconversion amplification induced by surface reconstruction in lanthanide sublattices. Nat. Photon. 15<\/b>, 732\u2013737 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lamon, S., Yu, H., Zhang, Q. & Gu, M. Lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles for low-energy super-resolution applications. Light Sci. Appl. 13<\/b>, 252 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Willig, K. I., Keller, J., Bossi, M. & Hell, S. W. STED microscopy resolves nanoparticle assemblies. New J. Phys. 8<\/b>, 106 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chivian, J. S., Case, W. & Eden, D. The photon avalanche: a new phenomenon in Pr3+\u2010based infrared quantum counters. Appl. Phys. Lett. 35<\/b>, 124\u2013125 (1979).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marciniak, L., Bednarkiewicz, A. & Elzbieciak, K. NIR\u2013NIR photon avalanche based luminescent thermometry with Nd3+ doped nanoparticles. J. Mater. Chem. C 6<\/b>, 7568\u20137575 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fardian-Melamed, N. et al. Infrared nanosensors of piconewton to micronewton forces. Nature 637<\/b>, 70\u201375 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Casar, J. R. et al. Upconverting microgauges reveal intraluminal force dynamics in vivo. Nature 637<\/b>, 76\u201383 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Skripka, A. et al. Intrinsic optical bistability of photon avalanching nanocrystals. Nat. Photon. 19<\/b>, 212\u2013218 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pan, B. et al. Sidelobe-free deterministic 3D nanoscopy with \u03bb\/33 axial resolution. Light Sci. Appl. 14<\/b>, 168 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Li, Z. & Yin, Y. Stimuli\u2010responsive optical nanomaterials. Adv. Mater. 31, 1807061 (2019). Article\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0 Blum, A.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":195235,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3845],"tags":[3965,79453,3966,4171,74,70,16,15],"class_list":{"0":"post-195234","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-physics","8":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","9":"tag-imaging-techniques","10":"tag-multidisciplinary","11":"tag-nonlinear-optics","12":"tag-physics","13":"tag-science","14":"tag-uk","15":"tag-united-kingdom"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@uk\/114706140572010867","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=195234"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195234\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/195235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=195234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=195234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=195234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}