{"id":242329,"date":"2025-07-06T09:23:12","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T09:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/242329\/"},"modified":"2025-07-06T09:23:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T09:23:12","slug":"the-lunar-society-is-a-cautionary-tale-for-trumps-america-the-irish-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/242329\/","title":{"rendered":"The Lunar Society is a cautionary tale for Trump\u2019s America \u2013 The Irish Times"},"content":{"rendered":"

This week, America celebrates 1776 \u2013 that is, the moment on July 4th of that year when it declared independence from the British. But as the holiday unfolds, leaders in Washington should also consider a year that fell later in the same century: 1791. <\/p>\n

This was the moment when Britain discovered just how damaging political populism can be for scientific innovation. And while the episode is barely known in America, it ought to make for sobering reading there, particularly as President Donald Trump<\/a> pushes his \u201cbig, beautiful\u201d tax and spending Bill through both houses of Congress.<\/p>\n

This is the story of the Lunar Society, a network of entrepreneurs, scientists and curious citizens that emerged in Birmingham in the mid-18th century. It was based around dinners held during the full moon to aid travel (hence its name).<\/p>\n

Over several decades, this network unleashed inventions that accelerated the industrial revolution, including the discovery of oxygen and carbonated water (Joseph Priestley), advanced steam engines (James Watt) and innovative ceramics (Josiah Wedgwood).<\/p>\n

Think of it as an 18th-century version of Silicon Valley, a place where innovation erupted because key individuals were close to each other and operated in an intellectually diverse and free community with far fewer political controls than in places such as London.<\/p>\n

In 1791, Britain experienced a wave of political polarisation and populism. Mobs attacked Lunar Society workshops, innovators such as Priestly emigrated and the network crumbled. \u201cThe damage went beyond physical destruction,\u201d David Cleevely, a British entrepreneur, notes in a new book, Serendipity. \u201cThe riots sent a clear message about the vulnerability of intellectual networks to political pressure … and a climate of fear descended.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n

American scientists tell me that research programmes are being culled if they contain words or prefixes such as \u2018trans-\u2019, \u2018bi-\u2019 or \u2018gender\u2019 \u2013 even if used in connection with, say, \u2018binomial stars\u2019 or \u2018transgenic\u2019 mice<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

This resonates 234 years later. In the US, there has been a wave of hand-wringing from scientists about Trump\u2019s attack on research. At Harvard, for instance, $2 billion in funding for (mostly) medical research is at risk because of the president\u2019s political vendetta against the university. At Nasa, half of the budget for scientific research is at risk under Trump\u2019s 2026 funding plans. Billions of dollars are slated to be wiped from the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health budgets, too.<\/p>\n

Indeed, Cassidy Sugimoto, a professor of public policy at Georgia Institute of Technology, suggested this week in London that the totality of Trump\u2019s moves meant that science faced a \u201c50 per cent cut\u201d in all US government research funding. \u201cTrump has cut science funding to its lowest levels in decades,\u201d she lamented.<\/p>\n

But what is as notable as these numbers is the fear aroused by Trump\u2019s political attacks on \u201cwoke\u201d causes (such as diversity) and the science that his populist supporters dislike (such as vaccine research). This is not just affecting institutions such as Harvard; American scientists tell me that research programmes are being culled across the country if they contain controversial words or prefixes such as \u201ctrans-\u201d, \u201cbi-\u201d or \u201cgender\u201d \u2013 even if used in connection with, say, \u201cbinomial stars\u201d or \u201ctransgenic\u201d mice. <\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s Orwellian \u2013 like an artificial intelligence program just cuts anything with those words,\u201d one eminent mathematician tells me.<\/p>\n

[\u00a0Trump administration\u2019s assault on science focused and co-ordinatedOpens in new window<\/a>\u00a0]<\/p>\n

In response, scientists are swapping secretive notes about how to avoid the censors. Internal battles have erupted at prestigious institutions such as the US National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine about whether or not to capitulate to Trump.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, some scientists are leaving. In April, the journal Nature calculated that job applications by US scientists to institutions in Canada, Europe and non-China Asia were 41 per cent, 32 per cent and 39 per cent higher respectively in 2025 than 2024. And, this week, France proudly unveiled its first official group of US \u201cscientific refugees\u201d: an eight-strong cohort of researchers who are heading to Aix-Marseille university.<\/p>\n

Trump supporters tell me these departures don\u2019t matter, since they are just a drop in the vast ocean of American talent. The White House also insists that scientific funding structures were so bloated they needed an overhaul to unleash a new \u201cGolden Age\u201d of science.<\/p>\n

Moreover, there is no sign that this assault has actually hurt the innovation machine in places such as Silicon Valley \u2013 or at least not yet. That is perhaps no surprise. In fields such as artificial intelligence, a growing proportion of research now occurs in the private sector. And many innovators in California are trying to shut out the noise coming from Washington and focus on their own projects instead. \u201cIt\u2019s a coping tactic,\u201d one tells me.<\/p>\n

But the moral of the Lunar Society saga is that no innovation network is safe. This attack is crazily self-destructive. So this July 4th, let us hope that Trump\u2019s shocking onslaught on science will be reversed. In the meantime, the country\u2019s business leaders and politicians urgently need to back lobby groups such as 314 Action, which is fighting Trump\u2019s plans, and speak up themselves. Think of that when you next see a bottle of sparkling water \u2013 and then remember 1791. \u2013 Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2025<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"This week, America celebrates 1776 \u2013 that is, the moment on July 4th of that year when it…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":242330,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5311],"tags":[18868,10690,49,978,659],"class_list":{"0":"post-242329","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-united-states","8":"tag-harvard-university","9":"tag-trump-presidency","10":"tag-united-states","11":"tag-us","12":"tag-usa"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@uk\/114805565336615592","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/242329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=242329"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/242329\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/242330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=242329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=242329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=242329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}