{"id":245867,"date":"2025-07-07T17:59:09","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T17:59:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/245867\/"},"modified":"2025-07-07T17:59:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T17:59:09","slug":"a-chance-for-europe-to-rise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/245867\/","title":{"rendered":"A chance for Europe to rise"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This article is an on-site version of our Swamp Notes newsletter. Premium subscribers can sign up <a href=\"https:\/\/ep.ft.com\/newsletters\/56a64b704f693a0300dfab7e\/subscribe\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a> to get the newsletter delivered every Monday and Friday. Standard subscribers can upgrade to Premium <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/manage\/subscription\/change\/713f1e28-0bc5-8261-f1e6-eebab6f7600e?segmentId=5d1c2689-3304-f81f-a9e5-b3e96e93c176\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/newsletters\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explore<\/a> all FT newsletters<\/p>\n<p>Hello readers, I\u2019ve returned from my first tranche of book leave and eager to wade back into the Swamp with you. As my partner, I\u2019m lucky to have with me J<a href=\"https:\/\/be.linkedin.com\/in\/jonathan-barth-970040151\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">onathan Barth<\/a>, a senior adviser at the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, co-founder of ZOE Institute for Future-Fit Economies and a Brussels expert with a particularly interesting view on Europe today.<\/p>\n<p>The United States celebrated its birthday last week, but my thoughts these days are on Europe. A couple of weeks ago, I attended a CEO conference in Italy, and I was struck (yet again) by how eager investors are to diversify away from the dollar and into euros. That\u2019s not to say they are doing it yet, but we are, I think, at a tipping point moment where this may change.<\/p>\n<p>As Currency Research Associates noted in a recent paper: \u201cNot only are the dollar exposures of [global] pension funds and insurance companies large and excessive at 50 per cent or more, but aggregate country exposures are frightening large,\u201d with Taiwan holding more than 90 per cent of its GDP in dollars, followed by Japan at 60 per cent and Australia and South Korea at 30 per cent.<\/p>\n<p>Diversification at this moment would make a ton of sense, even if Donald Trump weren\u2019t upending the global trading system and calling into question the independence of the US Federal Reserve, which is, I think, the one risk issue that market participants can\u2019t afford to overlook. Without a free Fed, US markets would very quickly correct.<\/p>\n<p>You can of course make the counter case. Last week\u2019s strong US jobs report bolstered the narrative of American exceptionalism and dynamism amid political chaos. And yes, stocks rose off the passing of the \u201cbig, beautiful bill,\u201d because equity markets always love tax cuts. But the truth is that serious investors are also very worried about the longer-term debt and deficit picture for the US, as well as political risk and populism.<\/p>\n<p>For all these reasons, the euro has seen some long-term momentum relative to the dollar and may see more if Europe can get its act together and really integrate its capital markets. So far, gold is the world\u2019s second largest reserve asset after the dollar. But, at the CEO conference, I asked 29 global leaders whether they\u2019d rather invest in Eurobonds (if they existed) rather than the US bond market right now, and 18 said yes. To me, this indicates that if Europe could truly recommit to integration, fix its capital markets, and offer investors the scale that they need to diversify, the euro would soar.<\/p>\n<p>European Central Bank president Christine Lagarde wrote <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/4d5dea18-bc4b-4ccf-94d3-1973fd1467cc\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a piece<\/a> in the FT recently, calling for a \u201cglobal euro\u201d moment. And European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen has made <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/e23117c0-3fe6-4b89-b1fc-c99f49976dc0\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">capital markets integration<\/a> a key priority in her second term. <\/p>\n<p>So what are the obstacles to making this happen? Politics as usual, of course, inertia, and the normal technocratic hurdles of pulling together 27 member states with 27 different legal and regulatory systems. But Jonathan, you\u2019ve made the case that there is something deeper and more psychological at work here. So tell us, what does Europe need to do to craft a new and better future at what seems to be a very opportune moment?<\/p>\n<p>Recommended reading<\/p>\n<ul class=\"o3-editorial-typography-list-unordered\">\n<li>\n<p>I thought <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/6d247f2b-0c0c-44e6-b6cc-25b3b9197091\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ruchir Sharma<\/a> made some good points about why the US markets have yet to reflect global reality.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>This very good piece in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/us-news\/rust-belt-population-immigration-33da1d60?gaa_at=eafs&amp;gaa_n=ASWzDAhwGZls_scQyaKMObMXFqL4kjQMfRZ-y6R5-bIkkv_QDGSP2iXhlmqI9WYbk5M%3D&amp;gaa_ts=6865619e&amp;gaa_sig=SPhl16KRYRr6xGiEhhSedNKeWZ6JAlQeQUZhtZ2ZsgIubu3i5UykEonIlTkSwU60f64vGtBwfRJQUyVq9Bwk0w%3D%3D\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wall Street Journal <\/a>looks at how deportations in the US rustbelt may kill the economic revival there. Migrants (including my own family) are so much a part of the Midwest\u2019s success \u2014 this just guts me.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>And have a look at my <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/comtent\/67d83887-09a0-4178-8cce-2ef6e9688b5f\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monday column<\/a> on why global markets are suffering from a \u201cRashomon effect\u201d in which investors can interpret the same information in very different ways.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jonathan Barth replies<\/p>\n<p>Thank you, Rana. Indeed, Europe feels stuck in paralysis clinging desperately to the old mantras of the market-liberal playbook \u2014 unfettered free trade, restrictive fiscal policy and a strictly limited approach to industrial strategy. Neither the Draghi report, nor the US Inflation Reduction Act, nor the return of geopolitics and not even the looming second China shock have been able to change that.<\/p>\n<p>Commentators have made sense of today\u2019s paralysis by referring to Antonio Gramsci\u2019s concept of an interregnum \u2014 that in-between, where the old world shaped by economic liberalism is dead, but the new one struggles to be born. That particularly applies to Europe today. <\/p>\n<p>The problem with the notion of the interregnum is that \u2014 as descriptive as it may be \u2014 it offers little guidance for finding a way out of paralysis. When I searched for alternatives, I came across the psychology of grief. Interestingly, our personal experiences of mourning can offer orientation for navigating the interregnum we find ourselves in. I am currently working on a book that explores this in more depth.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In the psychology of grief, there\u2019s the well-known K\u00fcbler-Ross model. It divides grieving into five stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. I argue there is a sixth: reimagination \u2014 a stage we reach once we have let go of the old and begin to shape the new.<\/p>\n<p>Europe is still in the thick of the grieving process \u2014 in contrast to the US, where I sense a touch of reimagination. That is because we\u2019re a decade behind you in the US. Europe never experienced a China shock on the same scale. Nor has it undergone a full-scale rightward shift comparable to the one that followed that shock in the US. (On this, I recommend Sander Tordoir and Brad Setser\u2019s recent paper on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cer.eu\/publications\/archive\/policy-brief\/2025\/how-german-industry-can-survive-second-china-shock\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second China shock<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>As a result, Europe remains stuck in the early stages of grief: denial, anger and bargaining. I still meet colleagues who deny that economic liberalism has failed to deliver on its promises. Just last week at a conference in Berlin I had to defend industrial policy against the charges of hubris and idealism. <\/p>\n<p>I still hear people say: \u201cif we get cheap solar panels or EVs from China, isn\u2019t that good for consumers?\u201d Concerns about economic security and dependence, the fact that people are not just consumers but workers who find identity and belonging in jobs \u2014 all ideas that feel like common sense in the US \u2014 are far from constituting a consensus among the leaders of Europe\u2019s democratic centre.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, what Europe is left with is anger. Anger at political elites who broke the market-liberal promise of everlasting material progress. It\u2019s an anger the right knows all too well how to exploit.<\/p>\n<p>Because they\u2019re stuck in denial, Europe\u2019s leaders hesitate to escape anger by stepping into the liberating stage of grief. This would mean acceptance. Acceptance that wealth concentration, financial capital and Ricardian ideas of trade specialisation all make democracies susceptible to blackmail. Acceptance that the flexibility markets demand \u2014 retraining, relocating, reinventing your identity \u2014 stands in stark contrast to people\u2019s longing for stability and security.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, Europe\u2019s political class remain trapped in halfhearted compromises that fail to do justice to today\u2019s new order, and instead cling to the ideas of the market-liberal past \u2014 in what, in the language of grief, is called bargaining. Yes, the discussions you mention \u2014 the capital markets union or deeper single market integration \u2014 may be progressing. But Europe\u2019s survival depends on the interplay of capital markets with fiscal and industrial policy. (See, for example, ZOE Institute\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/sustainable-prosperity.eu\/policy-toolbox\/?page=1&amp;application_case=1&amp;policy_area=5&amp;policy_area=6\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">private finance toolbox<\/a>.) And here we mustn\u2019t fool ourselves. Most of what we see is symbolic politics rooted in market orthodoxy.<\/p>\n<p>Take Germany\u2019s new fiscal laxity with its \u20ac1tn investment package. From the outside it looks like a paradigm shift. But if we look closer it targets infrastructure and defence, not industrial renewal. And Germany is an outlier. European fiscal rules are still restrictive for investment. Relaxations of fiscal spending are limited to defence. In consequence, industrial initiatives like the European Clean Industrial Deal lack fiscal backing. Even Europe\u2019s new state aid rules from last month change little.<\/p>\n<p>My hope? That rising pressures \u2014 the looming China shock and the continued surge of the right \u2014 will finally force leaders from both left and right to recognise that this cannot go on. And that they don\u2019t then get stuck in resignation \u2014 a form of the fourth stage of grief, depression. Political leaders should remember that Europe has successfully navigated paradigm shifts before, and that changes aren\u2019t a threat, but an opportunity to learn and do better.<\/p>\n<p>Then, perhaps, Europe will at last be ready. Ready to respond to this epochal rupture with a true capital markets union, with industrial policy and co-ordinated monetary and fiscal strategy, and its own geopolitical vision; ready to pull in the capital that you are talking about using the post-neoliberal playbook. But first it must complete the five stages of grieving for economic liberalism, before it can start to reimagine.<\/p>\n<p>Your feedback<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019d love to hear from you. You can email the team on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/mailto:swampnotes@ft.com\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">swampnotes@ft.com<\/a>, contact Rana on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/mailto:rana.foroohar@ft.com\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rana.foroohar@ft.com<\/a>, and follow her on X at <a href=\"https:\/\/email.newsletters.ft.com\/c\/eJyMkD2OIyEQhU_TZFhFUdAQEExiyen-HKCgwG5t2-2laY3m9iuvdjXpxF-p3ntf4VGvW_9Ij_q-r3WM2pWklik2VDWZGVy0CM6qeudlvUiiHCwKZG1CLJrQoM45zzoE1wCgxRpJ3VIgEMNRSok5IuXccHYtB1tctaEZtSQEJDCIhgCATuBrMEiAxD5YQxPBZ6n91MapbHe1ptsYz32ybxOeJzyP9-XFX2zC8zd-8Hnr23bjrtZlHxdJzrOnPAM1Hy2DBZDGea7q2Tc5ykj7k_sv1VO9L-vH6bqtkmu_TgT_Inv9fdS_r6yPGPxsdDHOv7ZbHcEW3ZywpZKtp_r_vMr3-pAfy_3TIlg10nEsMtm3L2kcnR87l7Fsj4ukQFmsz6SRjdOEpWkuvmgXi4lQKgOxOvbafx6LJG65ycxBG2HRZAQ0OzfrYvM8o2C03P4EAAD__884mOY\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@RanaForoohar<\/a>. We may feature an excerpt of your response in the next newsletter<\/p>\n<p>Recommended newsletters for you<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trade Secrets<\/strong> \u2014 A must-read on the changing face of international trade and globalisation. Sign up <a href=\"https:\/\/ep.ft.com\/newsletters\/subscribe?newsletterIds=593150d2dea7360004bce4db\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Unhedged<\/strong> \u2014 Robert Armstrong dissects the most important market trends and discusses how Wall Street\u2019s best minds respond to them. Sign up <a href=\"https:\/\/ep.ft.com\/newsletters\/subscribe?newsletterIds=584573e552860d000491cdb8\" data-trackable=\"link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"This article is an on-site version of our Swamp Notes newsletter. 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