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A recent systematic review and meta-analysis published in Clinical and Translational Allergy by Konstantinou et al investigates the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development and progression of acute and chronic urticaria (CU). By comprehensively analyzing 61 studies spanning a variety of genetic markers, the research offers valuable insights into potential hereditary susceptibilities and pharmacogenetic predictors in urticaria, a condition known for its variable response to treatment and significant impact on quality of life.1<\/p>\n
\u201cThis systematic review and meta-analysis emphasize the significant role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of CU,\u201d researchers behind the review said. \u201cKey findings include the identification of significant associations between genetic polymorphisms\u2014such as those in HLA-B44 and VDR genes\u2014and disease susceptibility, highlighting the potential for genetic biomarkers to improve diagnostic precision and guide personalized therapeutic strategies.\u201d<\/p>\n
Background<\/strong><\/p>\n Urticaria is categorized into acute (2 Despite its prevalence, the pathophysiology of CU remains complex and incompletely understood. Mast cell degranulation via autoimmune and autoallergic mechanisms underpins the clinical manifestations, but many patients remain refractory to treatment, suggesting underlying molecular contributors.3<\/p>\n Methods<\/strong><\/p>\n Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to July 31, 2024, including original human studies evaluating genetic or epigenetic associations with any urticaria subtype. Eligible studies ranged from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to case-control and cross-sectional designs. A meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models where three or more comparable datasets were available. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed to assess the risk of bias in observational studies.<\/p>\n Key Findings<\/strong><\/p>\n The review highlights several genetic markers significantly associated with CU:<\/p>\n In addition to identifying susceptibility loci, the review underscored that CSU patients often harbor comorbid autoimmune conditions, especially autoimmune thyroiditis, further reinforcing the autoimmune-genetic overlap.<\/p>\n Gaps and Limitations<\/strong><\/p>\n Despite robust findings for CSU, evidence for genetic associations in non-CSU subtypes and acute urticaria was limited. Moreover, researchers noted the literature on epigenetic regulation and gene-environment interactions in urticaria remains sparse. The heterogeneity in study designs, population ethnicity, and outcome definitions also complicates meta-analytic synthesis for many candidate genes.<\/p>\n Clinical Implications<\/strong><\/p>\n This review supports the concept that CU, particularly CSU, is genetically and immunologically distinct, sharing features with systemic autoimmune diseases. HLA-B44 and VDR polymorphisms may serve as risk markers, while gene variants influencing drug response open the door for personalized therapy. These findings justify the inclusion of genetic screening in future CU management algorithms, especially in refractory cases.<\/p>\n Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n Konstantinou et al provide compelling evidence that genetic factors contribute meaningfully to the susceptibility and clinical heterogeneity of chronic urticaria. However, the translation of these insights into precision medicine requires further longitudinal studies incorporating environmental exposures and functional genomics. Continued efforts in this direction could ultimately enhance diagnostic accuracy and enable tailored therapeutic interventions for patients with urticaria.<\/p>\n References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
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