{"id":316560,"date":"2025-08-04T07:22:12","date_gmt":"2025-08-04T07:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/316560\/"},"modified":"2025-08-04T07:22:12","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T07:22:12","slug":"two-dimensional-material-based-devices-for-in-sensor-computing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/316560\/","title":{"rendered":"Two-dimensional material-based devices for in-sensor computing"},"content":{"rendered":"<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"1.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Li, S., Xu, L. D. &amp; Zhao, S. The internet of things: a survey. Inf. Syst. Front. <b>17<\/b>, 243\u2013259 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20internet%20of%20things%3A%20a%20survey&amp;journal=Inf.%20Syst.%20Front.&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=243-259&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Li%2CS&amp;author=Xu%2CLD&amp;author=Zhao%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"2.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Das, S. &amp; Mao, E. The global energy footprint of information and communication technology electronics in connected internet-of-things devices. Sustain. Energy Grids Netw. <b>24<\/b>, 100408 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20global%20energy%20footprint%20of%20information%20and%20communication%20technology%20electronics%20in%20connected%20internet-of-things%20devices&amp;journal=Sustain.%20Energy%20Grids%20Netw.&amp;volume=24&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Das%2CS&amp;author=Mao%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"3.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">O\u2019Leary, D. E. Artificial intelligence and big data. IEEE Intell. Syst. <b>28<\/b>, 96\u201399 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Artificial%20intelligence%20and%20big%20data&amp;journal=IEEE%20Intell.%20Syst.&amp;volume=28&amp;pages=96-99&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Leary%2CDE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"4.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Nahavandi, D., Alizadehsani, R., Khosravi, A. &amp; Acharya, U. R. Application of artificial intelligence in wearable devices: opportunities and challenges. Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed. <b>213<\/b>, 106541 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Application%20of%20artificial%20intelligence%20in%20wearable%20devices%3A%20opportunities%20and%20challenges&amp;journal=Comput.%20Methods%20Prog.%20Biomed.&amp;volume=213&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Nahavandi%2CD&amp;author=Alizadehsani%2CR&amp;author=Khosravi%2CA&amp;author=Acharya%2CUR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"5.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Zhou, F. &amp; Chai, Y. Near-sensor and in-sensor computing. Nat. Electron. <b>3<\/b>, 664\u2013671 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Near-sensor%20and%20in-sensor%20computing&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron.&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=664-671&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Zhou%2CF&amp;author=Chai%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"6.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Christensen, D. V. et al. 2022 roadmap on neuromorphic computing and engineering. Neuromorph. Comput. Eng. <b>2<\/b>, 22501 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2022%20roadmap%20on%20neuromorphic%20computing%20and%20engineering&amp;journal=Neuromorph.%20Comput.%20Eng.&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Christensen%2CDV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"7.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Imran, M. A., Zoha, A., Zhang, L. &amp; Abbasi, Q. H. Grand challenges in IoT and sensor networks. Front. Commun. Netw. <b>1<\/b>, 619452 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Grand%20challenges%20in%20IoT%20and%20sensor%20networks&amp;journal=Front.%20Commun.%20Netw.&amp;volume=1&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Imran%2CMA&amp;author=Zoha%2CA&amp;author=Zhang%2CL&amp;author=Abbasi%2CQH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"8.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Zidan, M. A., Strachan, J. P. &amp; Lu, W. D. The future of electronics based on memristive systems. Nat. Electron. <b>1<\/b>, 22\u201329 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20future%20of%20electronics%20based%20on%20memristive%20systems&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron.&amp;volume=1&amp;pages=22-29&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Zidan%2CMA&amp;author=Strachan%2CJP&amp;author=Lu%2CWD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"9.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Akarvardar, K. &amp; Wong, H.-S. P. Technology prospects for data-intensive computing. Proc. IEEE <b>111<\/b>, 92\u2013112 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Technology%20prospects%20for%20data-intensive%20computing&amp;journal=Proc.%20IEEE&amp;volume=111&amp;pages=92-112&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Akarvardar%2CK&amp;author=Wong%2CH-SP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"10.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Wan, T. et al. In-sensor computing: materials, devices, and integration technologies. Adv. Mater. <b>35<\/b>, 2203830 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=In-sensor%20computing%3A%20materials%2C%20devices%2C%20and%20integration%20technologies&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;volume=35&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Wan%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"11.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Chen, C., Zhou, Y., Tong, L., Pang, Y. &amp; Xu, J. Emerging 2D ferroelectric devices for In-sensor and In-memory computing. Adv. Mater. 2400332. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202400332\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/adma.202400332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202400332<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"12.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Shi, Y., Duong, N. T. &amp; Ang, K.-W. Emerging 2D materials hardware for in-sensor computing. Nanoscale Horiz. <b>10<\/b>, 205\u2013229 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Emerging%202D%20materials%20hardware%20for%20in-sensor%20computing&amp;journal=Nanoscale%20Horiz.&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=205-229&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Shi%2CY&amp;author=Duong%2CNT&amp;author=Ang%2CK-W\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"13.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Hassan, J. Z. et al. 2D material-based sensing devices: an update. J. Mater. Chem. A <b>11<\/b>, 6016\u20136063 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2D%20material-based%20sensing%20devices%3A%20an%20update&amp;journal=J.%20Mater.%20Chem.%20A&amp;volume=11&amp;pages=6016-6063&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Hassan%2CJZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"14.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Chen, M. et al. Selective and quasi-continuous switching of ferroelectric Chern insulator devices for neuromorphic computing. Nat. Nanotechnol. <b>19<\/b>, 962\u2013969 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Selective%20and%20quasi-continuous%20switching%20of%20ferroelectric%20Chern%20insulator%20devices%20for%20neuromorphic%20computing&amp;journal=Nat.%20Nanotechnol.&amp;volume=19&amp;pages=962-969&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Chen%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"15.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Zhu, K. et al. Hybrid 2D\u2013CMOS microchips for memristive applications. Nature <b>618<\/b>, 57\u201362 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023Natur.618...57Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Hybrid%202D%E2%80%93CMOS%20microchips%20for%20memristive%20applications&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=618&amp;pages=57-62&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Zhu%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"16.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Kang, J.-H. et al. Monolithic 3D integration of 2D materials-based electronics towards ultimate edge computing solutions. Nat. Mater. <b>22<\/b>, 1470\u20131477 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatMa..22.1470K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Monolithic%203D%20integration%20of%202D%20materials-based%20electronics%20towards%20ultimate%20edge%20computing%20solutions&amp;journal=Nat.%20Mater.&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=1470-1477&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Kang%2CJ-H\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"17.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Jayachandran, D., Sakib, N. U. &amp; Das, S. 3D integration of 2D electronics. Nat. Rev. Electr. Eng. <b>1<\/b>, 300\u2013316 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=3D%20integration%20of%202D%20electronics&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Electr.%20Eng.&amp;volume=1&amp;pages=300-316&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Jayachandran%2CD&amp;author=Sakib%2CNU&amp;author=Das%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"18.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">An, J. et al. Perspectives of 2D materials for optoelectronic integration. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>32<\/b>, 2110119 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Perspectives%20of%202D%20materials%20for%20optoelectronic%20integration&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=32&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=An%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"19.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Li, Z. et al. Crossmodal sensory neurons based on high-performance flexible memristors for human-machine in-sensor computing system. Nat. Commun. <b>15<\/b>, 7275 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Crossmodal%20sensory%20neurons%20based%20on%20high-performance%20flexible%20memristors%20for%20human-machine%20in-sensor%20computing%20system&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Li%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"20.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Zhang, B., Lu, P., Tabrizian, R., Feng, P. X.-L. &amp; Wu, Y. 2D Magnetic heterostructures: spintronics and quantum future. npj Spintron. <b>2<\/b>, 6 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2D%20Magnetic%20heterostructures%3A%20spintronics%20and%20quantum%20future&amp;journal=npj%20Spintron.&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Zhang%2CB&amp;author=Lu%2CP&amp;author=Tabrizian%2CR&amp;author=Feng%2CPX-L&amp;author=Wu%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"21.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Cui, C., Xue, F., Hu, W.-J. &amp; Li, L.-J. Two-dimensional materials with piezoelectric and ferroelectric functionalities. npj 2D Mater. Appl. <b>2<\/b>, 18 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018MatL..232...18C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Two-dimensional%20materials%20with%20piezoelectric%20and%20ferroelectric%20functionalities&amp;journal=npj%202D%20Mater.%20Appl.&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Cui%2CC&amp;author=Xue%2CF&amp;author=Hu%2CW-J&amp;author=Li%2CL-J\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"22.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Shin, Y. et al. Ultrasensitive multimodal tactile sensors with skin-inspired microstructures through localized ferroelectric polarization. Adv. Sci. <b>9<\/b>, 2105423 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ultrasensitive%20multimodal%20tactile%20sensors%20with%20skin-inspired%20microstructures%20through%20localized%20ferroelectric%20polarization&amp;journal=Adv.%20Sci.&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Shin%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"23.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Huang, J. et al. A bioinspired MXene-based flexible sensory neuron for tactile near-sensor computing. Nano Energy <b>126<\/b>, 109684 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20bioinspired%20MXene-based%20flexible%20sensory%20neuron%20for%20tactile%20near-sensor%20computing&amp;journal=Nano%20Energy&amp;volume=126&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Huang%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"24.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Subbulakshmi Radhakrishnan, S., Sebastian, A., Oberoi, A., Das, S. &amp; Das, S. A biomimetic neural encoder for spiking neural network. Nat. Commun. <b>12<\/b>, 2143 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021NatCo..12.2143S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20biomimetic%20neural%20encoder%20for%20spiking%20neural%20network&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Subbulakshmi%20Radhakrishnan%2CS&amp;author=Sebastian%2CA&amp;author=Oberoi%2CA&amp;author=Das%2CS&amp;author=Das%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"25.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Kostarelos, K., Vincent, M., Hebert, C. &amp; Garrido, J. A. Graphene in the design and engineering of next-generation neural interfaces. Adv. Mater. <b>29<\/b>, 1700909 (2017).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"26.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Faisal, S. N. &amp; Iacopi, F. Thin-film electrodes based on two-dimensional nanomaterials for neural interfaces. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. <b>5<\/b>, 10137\u201310150 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thin-film%20electrodes%20based%20on%20two-dimensional%20nanomaterials%20for%20neural%20interfaces&amp;journal=ACS%20Appl.%20Nano%20Mater.&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=10137-10150&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Faisal%2CSN&amp;author=Iacopi%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"27.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Yang, Z. et al. Seizure detection using dynamic memristor-based reservoir computing and leaky integrate-and-fire neuron for post-processing. APL Mach. Learn. <b>1<\/b>, 046123 (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"28.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Farronato, M. et al. Seizure detection via reservoir computing in MoS2-based charge trap memory devices. Sci. Adv. <b>11<\/b>, eadr3241 (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"29.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Tyagi, D. et al. Recent advances in two-dimensional-material-based sensing technology toward health and environmental monitoring applications. Nanoscale <b>12<\/b>, 3535\u20133559 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recent%20advances%20in%20two-dimensional-material-based%20sensing%20technology%20toward%20health%20and%20environmental%20monitoring%20applications&amp;journal=Nanoscale&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=3535-3559&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Tyagi%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"30.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Kumar Gupta, V., Choudhary, K. &amp; Kumar, S. Two-dimensional materials-based plasmonic sensors for health monitoring systems\u2014a review. IEEE Sens. J. <b>23<\/b>, 11324\u201311335 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023ISenJ..2311324K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Two-dimensional%20materials-based%20plasmonic%20sensors%20for%20health%20monitoring%20systems%E2%80%94a%20review&amp;journal=IEEE%20Sens.%20J.&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=11324-11335&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Kumar%20Gupta%2CV&amp;author=Choudhary%2CK&amp;author=Kumar%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"31.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Du, L. et al. Moir\u00e9 photonics and optoelectronics. Science <b>379<\/b>, eadg0014 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Moir%C3%A9%20photonics%20and%20optoelectronics&amp;journal=Science&amp;volume=379&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Du%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"32.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Meng, J. et al. Integrated In-sensor computing optoelectronic device for environment-adaptable artificial retina perception application. Nano Lett. <b>22<\/b>, 81\u201389 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022NanoL..22...81M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Integrated%20In-sensor%20computing%20optoelectronic%20device%20for%20environment-adaptable%20artificial%20retina%20perception%20application&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=81-89&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Meng%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"33.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Das, B. et al. Artificial visual systems fabricated with ferroelectric van der waals heterostructure for in-memory computing applications. ACS Nano <b>17<\/b>, 21297\u201321306 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Artificial%20visual%20systems%20fabricated%20with%20ferroelectric%20van%20der%20waals%20heterostructure%20for%20in-memory%20computing%20applications&amp;journal=ACS%20Nano&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=21297-21306&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Das%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"34.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Wang, P. et al. Integrated In-memory sensor and computing of artificial vision based on full-vdW optoelectronic ferroelectric field-effect transistor. Adv. Sci. <b>11<\/b>, 2305679 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Integrated%20In-memory%20sensor%20and%20computing%20of%20artificial%20vision%20based%20on%20full-vdW%20optoelectronic%20ferroelectric%20field-effect%20transistor&amp;journal=Adv.%20Sci.&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Wang%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"35.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Ci, W. et al. All-In-one optoelectronic neuristor based on full-vdW two-terminal ferroelectric p\u2013n heterojunction. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>34<\/b>, 2305822 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=All-In-one%20optoelectronic%20neuristor%20based%20on%20full-vdW%20two-terminal%20ferroelectric%20p%E2%80%93n%20heterojunction&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=34&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Ci%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"36.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Liu, K. et al. An optoelectronic synapse based on \u03b1-In2Se3 with controllable temporal dynamics for multimode and multiscale reservoir computing. Nat. Electron <b>5<\/b>, 761\u2013773 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=An%20optoelectronic%20synapse%20based%20on%20%CE%B1-In2Se3%20with%20controllable%20temporal%20dynamics%20for%20multimode%20and%20multiscale%20reservoir%20computing&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=761-773&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Liu%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"37.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Zha, J. et al. Electronic\/optoelectronic memory device enabled by tellurium-based 2D van der Waals heterostructure for in-sensor reservoir computing at the optical communication band. Adv. Mater. <b>35<\/b>, 2211598 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Electronic%2Foptoelectronic%20memory%20device%20enabled%20by%20tellurium-based%202D%20van%20der%20Waals%20heterostructure%20for%20in-sensor%20reservoir%20computing%20at%20the%20optical%20communication%20band&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;volume=35&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Zha%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"38.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Wu, G. et al. Ferroelectric-defined reconfigurable homojunctions for in-memory sensing and computing. Nat. Mater. <b>22<\/b>, 1499\u20131506 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatMa..22.1499W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ferroelectric-defined%20reconfigurable%20homojunctions%20for%20in-memory%20sensing%20and%20computing&amp;journal=Nat.%20Mater.&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=1499-1506&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Wu%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"39.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Zeng, J. et al. Multisensory ferroelectric semiconductor synapse for neuromorphic computing. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>34<\/b>, 2313010 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multisensory%20ferroelectric%20semiconductor%20synapse%20for%20neuromorphic%20computing&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=34&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Zeng%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"40.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Li, X. et al. Multi-functional platform for in-memory computing and sensing based on 2D ferroelectric semiconductor \u03b1-In2 Se3. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>34<\/b>, 2306486 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multi-functional%20platform%20for%20in-memory%20computing%20and%20sensing%20based%20on%202D%20ferroelectric%20semiconductor%20%CE%B1-In2%20Se3&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=34&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Li%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"41.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Seo, S. et al. Artificial optic-neural synapse for colored and color-mixed pattern recognition. Nat. Commun. <b>9<\/b>, 5106 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018NatCo...9.5106S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Artificial%20optic-neural%20synapse%20for%20colored%20and%20color-mixed%20pattern%20recognition&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Seo%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"42.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Choi, C. et al. Reconfigurable heterogeneous integration using stackable chips with embedded artificial intelligence. Nat. Electron <b>5<\/b>, 386\u2013393 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Reconfigurable%20heterogeneous%20integration%20using%20stackable%20chips%20with%20embedded%20artificial%20intelligence&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=386-393&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Choi%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"43.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Leblanc, C., Song, S. &amp; Jariwala, D. 2D ferroelectrics and ferroelectrics with 2D: materials and device prospects. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. <b>32<\/b>, 101178 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2D%20ferroelectrics%20and%20ferroelectrics%20with%202D%3A%20materials%20and%20device%20prospects&amp;journal=Curr.%20Opin.%20Solid%20State%20Mater.%20Sci.&amp;volume=32&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Leblanc%2CC&amp;author=Song%2CS&amp;author=Jariwala%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"44.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Wang, H. et al. The evolution of 2D vdW ferroelectric materials: theoretical prediction, experiment confirmation, applications. Appl. Phys. Rev. <b>11<\/b>, 21330 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20evolution%20of%202D%20vdW%20ferroelectric%20materials%3A%20theoretical%20prediction%2C%20experiment%20confirmation%2C%20applications&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Rev.&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Wang%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"45.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Scott, J. F. Applications of modern ferroelectrics. Science <b>315<\/b>, 954\u2013959 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2007Sci...315..954S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Applications%20of%20modern%20ferroelectrics&amp;journal=Science&amp;volume=315&amp;pages=954-959&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Scott%2CJF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"46.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Xue, F. et al. Room-temperature ferroelectricity in hexagonally layered \u03b1-In 2 Se 3 nanoflakes down to the monolayer limit. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>28<\/b>, 1803738 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Room-temperature%20ferroelectricity%20in%20hexagonally%20layered%20%CE%B1-In%202%20Se%203%20nanoflakes%20down%20to%20the%20monolayer%20limit&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=28&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Xue%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"47.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Higashitarumizu, N. et al. Purely in-plane ferroelectricity in monolayer SnS at room temperature. Nat. Commun. <b>11<\/b>, 2428 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020NatCo..11.2428H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Purely%20in-plane%20ferroelectricity%20in%20monolayer%20SnS%20at%20room%20temperature&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Higashitarumizu%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"48.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Chang, K. et al. Microscopic manipulation of ferroelectric domains in SnSe monolayers at room temperature. Nano Lett. <b>20<\/b>, 6590\u20136597 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020NanoL..20.6590C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Microscopic%20manipulation%20of%20ferroelectric%20domains%20in%20SnSe%20monolayers%20at%20room%20temperature&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=6590-6597&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Chang%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"49.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Liu, F. et al. Room-temperature ferroelectricity in CuInP2S6 ultrathin flakes. Nat. Commun. <b>7<\/b>, 12357 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016NatCo...712357L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Room-temperature%20ferroelectricity%20in%20CuInP2S6%20ultrathin%20flakes&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Liu%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"50.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Du, J. et al. A robust neuromorphic vision sensor with optical control of ferroelectric switching. Nano Energy <b>89<\/b>, 106439 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20robust%20neuromorphic%20vision%20sensor%20with%20optical%20control%20of%20ferroelectric%20switching&amp;journal=Nano%20Energy&amp;volume=89&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Du%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"51.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Sui, F. et al. Sliding ferroelectricity in van der Waals layered \u03b3-InSe semiconductor. Nat. Commun. <b>14<\/b>, 36 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatCo..14...36S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sliding%20ferroelectricity%20in%20van%20der%20Waals%20layered%20%CE%B3-InSe%20semiconductor&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Sui%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"52.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Zheng, Z. et al. Unconventional ferroelectricity in moir\u00e9 heterostructures. Nature <b>588<\/b>, 71\u201376 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020Natur.588...71Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Unconventional%20ferroelectricity%20in%20moir%C3%A9%20heterostructures&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=588&amp;pages=71-76&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Zheng%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"53.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Xiao, J. et al. Intrinsic two-dimensional ferroelectricity with dipole locking. Phys. Rev. Lett. <b>120<\/b>, 227601 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018PhRvL.120v7601X\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Intrinsic%20two-dimensional%20ferroelectricity%20with%20dipole%20locking&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;volume=120&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Xiao%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"54.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Dutta, D., Mukherjee, S., Uzhansky, M. &amp; Koren, E. Cross-field optoelectronic modulation via inter-coupled ferroelectricity in 2D In2Se3. npj 2D Mater. Appl <b>5<\/b>, 81 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cross-field%20optoelectronic%20modulation%20via%20inter-coupled%20ferroelectricity%20in%202D%20In2Se3&amp;journal=npj%202D%20Mater.%20Appl&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Dutta%2CD&amp;author=Mukherjee%2CS&amp;author=Uzhansky%2CM&amp;author=Koren%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"55.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Li, X., Li, S., Tang, B., Liao, J. &amp; Chen, Q. A Vis-SWIR photonic synapse with low power consumption based on WSe2 \/In2 Se3 ferroelectric heterostructure. Adv. Electron. Mater. <b>8<\/b>, 2200343 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20Vis-SWIR%20photonic%20synapse%20with%20low%20power%20consumption%20based%20on%20WSe2%20%2FIn2%20Se3%20ferroelectric%20heterostructure&amp;journal=Adv.%20Electron.%20Mater.&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Li%2CX&amp;author=Li%2CS&amp;author=Tang%2CB&amp;author=Liao%2CJ&amp;author=Chen%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"56.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Zhou, J. et al. Multimodal 2D ferroelectric transistor with integrated perception-and-computing-in-memory functions for reservoir computing. Nano Lett. acs.nanolett.4c05071. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c05071\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c05071\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c05071<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"57.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Duong, N. T. et al. Coupled ferroelectric-photonic memory in a retinomorphic hardware for In-sensor computing. Adv. Sci. <b>11<\/b>, 2303447 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coupled%20ferroelectric-photonic%20memory%20in%20a%20retinomorphic%20hardware%20for%20In-sensor%20computing&amp;journal=Adv.%20Sci.&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Duong%2CNT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"58.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Wang, X. et al. Van der Waals engineering of ferroelectric heterostructures for long-retention memory. Nat. Commun. <b>12<\/b>, 1109 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021NatCo..12.1109W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Van%20der%20Waals%20engineering%20of%20ferroelectric%20heterostructures%20for%20long-retention%20memory&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Wang%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"59.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Wu, J. et al. High tunnelling electroresistance in a ferroelectric van der waals heterojunction via giant barrier height modulation. Nat. Electron. <b>3<\/b>, 466\u2013472 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=High%20tunnelling%20electroresistance%20in%20a%20ferroelectric%20van%20der%20waals%20heterojunction%20via%20giant%20barrier%20height%20modulation&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron.&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=466-472&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Wu%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"60.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Jin, X., Zhang, Y.-Y. &amp; Du, S. Recent progress in the theoretical design of two-dimensional ferroelectric materials. Fundam. Res. <b>3<\/b>, 322\u2013331 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 60\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recent%20progress%20in%20the%20theoretical%20design%20of%20two-dimensional%20ferroelectric%20materials&amp;journal=Fundam.%20Res.&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=322-331&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Jin%2CX&amp;author=Zhang%2CY-Y&amp;author=Du%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"61.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Yu, J. et al. Photoinduced deterministic polarization switching in CuInP2 S6 for multifunctional optoelectronic logic gates. Nano Lett. acs.nanolett.4c05777. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c05777\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c05777\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c05777<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"62.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Zhang, J. et al. Ultrafast polarization switching via laser-activated ionic migration in ferroelectric CuInP2S6. Phys. Rev. B <b>111<\/b>, 104111 (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"63.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Guan, Z., Ni, S. &amp; Hu, S. Tunable electronic and optical properties of monolayer and multilayer janus MoSSe as a photocatalyst for solar water splitting: a first-principles study. J. Phys. Chem. C. <b>122<\/b>, 6209\u20136216 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tunable%20electronic%20and%20optical%20properties%20of%20monolayer%20and%20multilayer%20janus%20MoSSe%20as%20a%20photocatalyst%20for%20solar%20water%20splitting%3A%20a%20first-principles%20study&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20Chem.%20C.&amp;volume=122&amp;pages=6209-6216&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Guan%2CZ&amp;author=Ni%2CS&amp;author=Hu%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"64.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Yin, W.-J. et al. Recent advances in low-dimensional Janus materials: theoretical and simulation perspectives. Mater. Adv. <b>2<\/b>, 7543\u20137558 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 64\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recent%20advances%20in%20low-dimensional%20Janus%20materials%3A%20theoretical%20and%20simulation%20perspectives&amp;journal=Mater.%20Adv.&amp;volume=2&amp;pages=7543-7558&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Yin%2CW-J\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"65.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Tong, L. et al. 2D materials\u2013based homogeneous transistor-memory architecture for neuromorphic hardware. Science <b>373<\/b>, 1353\u20131358 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021Sci...373.1353T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 65\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2D%20materials%E2%80%93based%20homogeneous%20transistor-memory%20architecture%20for%20neuromorphic%20hardware&amp;journal=Science&amp;volume=373&amp;pages=1353-1358&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Tong%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"66.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Schroeder, U., Park, M. H., Mikolajick, T. &amp; Hwang, C. S. The fundamentals and applications of ferroelectric HfO2. Nat. Rev. Mater. <b>7<\/b>, 653\u2013669 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022NatRM...7..653S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20fundamentals%20and%20applications%20of%20ferroelectric%20HfO2&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Mater.&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=653-669&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Schroeder%2CU&amp;author=Park%2CMH&amp;author=Mikolajick%2CT&amp;author=Hwang%2CCS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"67.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Hsain, H. A. et al. Many routes to ferroelectric HfO2: a review of current deposition methods. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A <b>40<\/b> (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"68.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Xiang, H. et al. Enhancing memory window efficiency of ferroelectric transistor for neuromorphic computing via two-dimensional materials integration. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>33<\/b>, 2304657 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 68\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Enhancing%20memory%20window%20efficiency%20of%20ferroelectric%20transistor%20for%20neuromorphic%20computing%20via%20two-dimensional%20materials%20integration&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=33&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Xiang%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"69.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Chien, Y. et al. A MoS2 hafnium oxide based ferroelectric encoder for temporal-efficient spiking neural network. Adv. Mater. <b>35<\/b>, 2204949 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 69\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20MoS2%20hafnium%20oxide%20based%20ferroelectric%20encoder%20for%20temporal-efficient%20spiking%20neural%20network&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;volume=35&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Chien%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"70.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Wu, X., Gao, S., Xiao, L. &amp; Wang, J. WSe2 negative capacitance field-effect transistor for biosensing applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces <b>16<\/b>, 42597\u201342607 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 70\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=WSe2%20negative%20capacitance%20field-effect%20transistor%20for%20biosensing%20applications&amp;journal=ACS%20Appl.%20Mater.%20Interfaces&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=42597-42607&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Wu%2CX&amp;author=Gao%2CS&amp;author=Xiao%2CL&amp;author=Wang%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"71.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Ning, H. et al. An in-memory computing architecture based on a duplex two-dimensional material structure for in situ machine learning. Nat. Nanotechnol. <b>18<\/b>, 493\u2013500 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatNa..18..493N\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 71\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=An%20in-memory%20computing%20architecture%20based%20on%20a%20duplex%20two-dimensional%20material%20structure%20for%20in%20situ%20machine%20learning&amp;journal=Nat.%20Nanotechnol.&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=493-500&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Ning%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"72.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Vizner Stern, M. et al. Interfacial ferroelectricity by van der Waals sliding. Science <b>372<\/b>, 1462\u20131466 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021Sci...372.1462V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 72\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 72\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Interfacial%20ferroelectricity%20by%20van%20der%20Waals%20sliding&amp;journal=Science&amp;volume=372&amp;pages=1462-1466&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Vizner%20Stern%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"73.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Deb, S. et al. Cumulative polarization in conductive interfacial ferroelectrics. Nature <b>612<\/b>, 465\u2013469 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022Natur.612..465D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 73\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 73\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cumulative%20polarization%20in%20conductive%20interfacial%20ferroelectrics&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=612&amp;pages=465-469&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Deb%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"74.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">McCreary, K. M. et al. Stacking-dependent optical properties in bilayer WSe 2. Nanoscale <b>14<\/b>, 147\u2013156 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 74\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stacking-dependent%20optical%20properties%20in%20bilayer%20WSe%202&amp;journal=Nanoscale&amp;volume=14&amp;pages=147-156&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=McCreary%2CKM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"75.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR75\">Yang, T. H. et al. Ferroelectric transistors based on shear-transformation-mediated rhombohedral-stacked molybdenum disulfide. Nat. Electron. <b>7<\/b>, 29\u201338 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatAs...7...29G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 75\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 75\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ferroelectric%20transistors%20based%20on%20shear-transformation-mediated%20rhombohedral-stacked%20molybdenum%20disulfide&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron.&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=29-38&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Yang%2CTH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"76.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR76\">Yasuda, K. et al. Ultrafast high-endurance memory based on sliding ferroelectrics. Science <b>385<\/b>, 53\u201356 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 76\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ultrafast%20high-endurance%20memory%20based%20on%20sliding%20ferroelectrics&amp;journal=Science&amp;volume=385&amp;pages=53-56&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Yasuda%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"77.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR77\">Yan, X. et al. Moir\u00e9 synaptic transistor with room-temperature neuromorphic functionality. Nature <b>624<\/b>, 551\u2013556 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023Natur.624..551Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 77\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 77\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Moir%C3%A9%20synaptic%20transistor%20with%20room-temperature%20neuromorphic%20functionality&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=624&amp;pages=551-556&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Yan%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"78.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR78\">Zheng, Z. et al. Electronic ratchet effect in a moir\u00e9 system: signatures of excitonic ferroelectricity. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2306.03922\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.48550\/arXiv.2306.03922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2306.03922<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"79.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR79\">Ma, C. et al. Intelligent infrared sensing enabled by tunable moir\u00e9 quantum geometry. Nature <b>604<\/b>, 266\u2013272 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022Natur.604..266M\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 79\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 79\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Intelligent%20infrared%20sensing%20enabled%20by%20tunable%20moir%C3%A9%20quantum%20geometry&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=604&amp;pages=266-272&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Ma%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"80.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR80\">Zhai, Y. et al. Reconfigurable 2D-ferroelectric platform for neuromorphic computing. Appl. Phys. Rev. <b>10<\/b>, 11408 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 80\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Reconfigurable%202D-ferroelectric%20platform%20for%20neuromorphic%20computing&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Rev.&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Zhai%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"81.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR81\">Memristors and Memristive Systems. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-9068-5\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/978-1-4614-9068-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-9068-5<\/a> (Springer New York, 2014).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"82.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR82\">Strukov, D. B., Snider, G. S., Stewart, D. R. &amp; Williams, R. S. The missing memristor found. Nature <b>453<\/b>, 80\u201383 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2008Natur.453...80S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 82\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 82\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20missing%20memristor%20found&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=453&amp;pages=80-83&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Strukov%2CDB&amp;author=Snider%2CGS&amp;author=Stewart%2CDR&amp;author=Williams%2CRS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"83.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR83\">Shan, X. et al. Emerging multimodal memristors for biorealistic neuromorphic applications. Mater. Futures <b>3<\/b>, 12701 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 83\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Emerging%20multimodal%20memristors%20for%20biorealistic%20neuromorphic%20applications&amp;journal=Mater.%20Futures&amp;volume=3&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Shan%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"84.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR84\">Thakkar, P., Gosai, J., Gogoi, H. J. &amp; Solanki, A. From fundamentals to frontiers: a review of memristor mechanisms, modeling and emerging applications. J. Mater. Chem. C. <b>12<\/b>, 1583\u20131608 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 84\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=From%20fundamentals%20to%20frontiers%3A%20a%20review%20of%20memristor%20mechanisms%2C%20modeling%20and%20emerging%20applications&amp;journal=J.%20Mater.%20Chem.%20C.&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=1583-1608&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Thakkar%2CP&amp;author=Gosai%2CJ&amp;author=Gogoi%2CHJ&amp;author=Solanki%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"85.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR85\">Zhao, T. et al. Bio-inspired photoelectric artificial synapse based on two-dimensional Ti3 C2 T x MXenes floating gate. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>31<\/b>, 2106000 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 85\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Bio-inspired%20photoelectric%20artificial%20synapse%20based%20on%20two-dimensional%20Ti3%20C2%20T%20x%20MXenes%20floating%20gate&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=31&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Zhao%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"86.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR86\">Wang, Y. et al. MXene-ZnO memristor for multimodal in-sensor computing. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>31<\/b>, 2100144 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 86\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=MXene-ZnO%20memristor%20for%20multimodal%20in-sensor%20computing&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=31&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Wang%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"87.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR87\">Ahmed, T. et al. Optically stimulated artificial synapse based on layered black phosphorus. Small <b>15<\/b>, 1900966 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 87\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Optically%20stimulated%20artificial%20synapse%20based%20on%20layered%20black%20phosphorus&amp;journal=Small&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Ahmed%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"88.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR88\">He, H. et al. Photonic potentiation and electric habituation in ultrathin memristive synapses based on monolayer MoS2. Small <b>14<\/b>, 1800079 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 88\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Photonic%20potentiation%20and%20electric%20habituation%20in%20ultrathin%20memristive%20synapses%20based%20on%20monolayer%20MoS2&amp;journal=Small&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=He%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"89.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR89\">Cheng, Y. et al. Vertical 0D-perovskite\/2D-MoS2 van der waals heterojunction phototransistor for emulating photoelectric-synergistically classical pavlovian conditioning and neural coding dynamics. Small <b>16<\/b>, 2005217 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 89\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Vertical%200D-perovskite%2F2D-MoS2%20van%20der%20waals%20heterojunction%20phototransistor%20for%20emulating%20photoelectric-synergistically%20classical%20pavlovian%20conditioning%20and%20neural%20coding%20dynamics&amp;journal=Small&amp;volume=16&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Cheng%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"90.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR90\">Wang, W. et al. Artificial optoelectronic synapses based on TiN x O2\u2013 x \/MoS2 heterojunction for neuromorphic computing and visual system. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>31<\/b>, 2101201 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 90\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Artificial%20optoelectronic%20synapses%20based%20on%20TiN%20x%20O2%E2%80%93%20x%20%2FMoS2%20heterojunction%20for%20neuromorphic%20computing%20and%20visual%20system&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=31&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Wang%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"91.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR91\">Sahu, M. C., Sahoo, S., Mallik, S. K., Jena, A. K. &amp; Sahoo, S. Multifunctional 2D MoS2 optoelectronic artificial synapse with integrated arithmetic and reconfigurable logic operations for In-memory neuromorphic computing applications. Adv. Mater. Technol. <b>8<\/b>, 2201125 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 91\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multifunctional%202D%20MoS2%20optoelectronic%20artificial%20synapse%20with%20integrated%20arithmetic%20and%20reconfigurable%20logic%20operations%20for%20In-memory%20neuromorphic%20computing%20applications&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.%20Technol.&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Sahu%2CMC&amp;author=Sahoo%2CS&amp;author=Mallik%2CSK&amp;author=Jena%2CAK&amp;author=Sahoo%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"92.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR92\">Dodda, A., Trainor, N., Redwing, Joan, M. &amp; Das, S. All-in-one, bio-inspired, and low-power crypto engines for near-sensor security based on two-dimensional memtransistors. Nat. Commun. <b>13<\/b>, 3587 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022NatCo..13.3587D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 92\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 92\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=All-in-one%2C%20bio-inspired%2C%20and%20low-power%20crypto%20engines%20for%20near-sensor%20security%20based%20on%20two-dimensional%20memtransistors&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Dodda%2CA&amp;author=Trainor%2CN&amp;author=Redwing%2C%20Joan%2CM&amp;author=Das%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"93.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR93\">Li, G. et al. Photo-induced non-volatile VO2 phase transition for neuromorphic ultraviolet sensors. Nat. Commun. <b>13<\/b>, 1729 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022NatCo..13.1729L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 93\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 93\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Photo-induced%20non-volatile%20VO2%20phase%20transition%20for%20neuromorphic%20ultraviolet%20sensors&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Li%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"94.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR94\">Zha, J. et al. A 2D heterostructure-based multifunctional floating gate memory device for multimodal reservoir computing. Adv. Mater. <b>36<\/b>, 2308502 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 94\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%202D%20heterostructure-based%20multifunctional%20floating%20gate%20memory%20device%20for%20multimodal%20reservoir%20computing&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;volume=36&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Zha%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"95.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR95\">Sun, L. et al. In-sensor reservoir computing for language learning via two-dimensional memristors. Sci. Adv. <b>7<\/b>, eabg1455 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021SciA....7.1455S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 95\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 95\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=In-sensor%20reservoir%20computing%20for%20language%20learning%20via%20two-dimensional%20memristors&amp;journal=Sci.%20Adv.&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Sun%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"96.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR96\">Chen, J. et al. Optoelectronic graded neurons for bioinspired in-sensor motion perception. Nat. Nanotechnol. <b>18<\/b>, 882\u2013888 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatNa..18..882C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 96\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 96\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Optoelectronic%20graded%20neurons%20for%20bioinspired%20in-sensor%20motion%20perception&amp;journal=Nat.%20Nanotechnol.&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=882-888&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Chen%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"97.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR97\">Waser, R., Dittmann, R., Staikov, G. &amp; Szot, K. Redox-based resistive switching memories \u2013 nanoionic mechanisms, prospects, and challenges. Adv. Mater. <b>21<\/b>, 2632\u20132663 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 97\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Redox-based%20resistive%20switching%20memories%20%E2%80%93%20nanoionic%20mechanisms%2C%20prospects%2C%20and%20challenges&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=2632-2663&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Waser%2CR&amp;author=Dittmann%2CR&amp;author=Staikov%2CG&amp;author=Szot%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"98.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR98\">Yang, J. J., Strukov, D. B. &amp; Stewart, D. R. Memristive devices for computing. Nat. Nanotechnol. <b>8<\/b>, 13\u201324 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013NatNa...8...13Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 98\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 98\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Memristive%20devices%20for%20computing&amp;journal=Nat.%20Nanotechnol.&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=13-24&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Yang%2CJJ&amp;author=Strukov%2CDB&amp;author=Stewart%2CDR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"99.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR99\">Song, M.-K. et al. Recent advances and future prospects for memristive materials, devices, and systems. ACS Nano <b>17<\/b>, 11994\u201312039 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 99\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recent%20advances%20and%20future%20prospects%20for%20memristive%20materials%2C%20devices%2C%20and%20systems&amp;journal=ACS%20Nano&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=11994-12039&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Song%2CM-K\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"100.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR100\">Jang, H. et al. Flexible neuromorphic electronics for wearable near-sensor and In-sensor computing systems. Adv. Mater. <b>37<\/b>, 2416073 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 100\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Flexible%20neuromorphic%20electronics%20for%20wearable%20near-sensor%20and%20In-sensor%20computing%20systems&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;volume=37&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Jang%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"101.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR101\">Van De Burgt, Y., Melianas, A., Keene, S. T., Malliaras, G. &amp; Salleo, A. Organic electronics for neuromorphic computing. Nat. Electron. <b>1<\/b>, 386\u2013397 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 101\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Organic%20electronics%20for%20neuromorphic%20computing&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron.&amp;volume=1&amp;pages=386-397&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Burgt%2CY&amp;author=Melianas%2CA&amp;author=Keene%2CST&amp;author=Malliaras%2CG&amp;author=Salleo%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"102.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR102\">Wilson, J. A., Di Salvo, F. J. &amp; Mahajan, S. Charge-density waves and superlattices in the metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides. Adv. Phys. <b>24<\/b>, 117\u2013201 (1975).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1975AdPhy..24..117W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 102\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 102\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Charge-density%20waves%20and%20superlattices%20in%20the%20metallic%20layered%20transition%20metal%20dichalcogenides&amp;journal=Adv.%20Phys.&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=117-201&amp;publication_year=1975&amp;author=Wilson%2CJA&amp;author=Salvo%2CFJ&amp;author=Mahajan%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"103.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR103\">Gr\u00fcner, G. The dynamics of charge-density waves. Rev. Mod. Phys. <b>60<\/b>, 1129\u20131181 (1988).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1988RvMP...60.1129G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 103\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 103\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20dynamics%20of%20charge-density%20waves&amp;journal=Rev.%20Mod.%20Phys.&amp;volume=60&amp;pages=1129-1181&amp;publication_year=1988&amp;author=Gr%C3%BCner%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"104.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR104\">Hirata, T. &amp; Ohuchi, F. S. Temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of 1T-TaS2. Solid State Commun. <b>117<\/b>, 361\u2013364 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2001SSCom.117..361H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 104\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 104\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Temperature%20dependence%20of%20the%20Raman%20spectra%20of%201T-TaS2&amp;journal=Solid%20State%20Commun.&amp;volume=117&amp;pages=361-364&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Hirata%2CT&amp;author=Ohuchi%2CFS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"105.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR105\">Samnakay, R. et al. Zone-folded phonons and the commensurate\u2212incommensurate charge-density-wave transition in 1T\u2011TaSe2 thin films. Nano Lett. <b>15<\/b>, 2965\u20132973 (2015).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"106.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR106\">Xi, X. et al. Strongly enhanced charge-density-wave order in monolayer NbSe2. Nat. Nanotechnol. <b>10<\/b>, 765\u2013769 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015NatNa..10..765X\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 106\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 106\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Strongly%20enhanced%20charge-density-wave%20order%20in%20monolayer%20NbSe2&amp;journal=Nat.%20Nanotechnol.&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=765-769&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Xi%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"107.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR107\">Sayers, C. J. et al. Correlation between crystal purity and the charge density wave in 1 T \u2013 VSe 2. Phys. Rev. Mater. <b>4<\/b>, 25002 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 107\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Correlation%20between%20crystal%20purity%20and%20the%20charge%20density%20wave%20in%201%20T%20%E2%80%93%20VSe%202&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Mater.&amp;volume=4&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Sayers%2CCJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"108.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR108\">Hossain, M. et al. Recent advances in two-dimensional materials with charge density waves: synthesis, characterization and applications. Crystals <b>7<\/b>, 298 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 108\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recent%20advances%20in%20two-dimensional%20materials%20with%20charge%20density%20waves%3A%20synthesis%2C%20characterization%20and%20applications&amp;journal=Crystals&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Hossain%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"109.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR109\">Vaskivskyi, I. et al. Fast electronic resistance switching involving hidden charge density wave states. Nat. Commun. <b>7<\/b>, 11442 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016NatCo...711442V\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 109\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 109\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Fast%20electronic%20resistance%20switching%20involving%20hidden%20charge%20density%20wave%20states&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Vaskivskyi%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"110.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR110\">Khitun, A., Liu, G. &amp; Balandin, A. A. Two-dimensional oscillatory neural network based on room-temperature charge-density-wave devices. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. <b>16<\/b>, 860\u2013867 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017ITNan..16..860K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 110\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 110\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Two-dimensional%20oscillatory%20neural%20network%20based%20on%20room-temperature%20charge-density-wave%20devices&amp;journal=IEEE%20Trans.%20Nanotechnol.&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=860-867&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Khitun%2CA&amp;author=Liu%2CG&amp;author=Balandin%2CAA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"111.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR111\">Mihailovic, D. et al. Ultrafast non-thermal and thermal switching in charge configuration memory devices based on 1T-TaS2. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>119<\/b>, 13106 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 111\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ultrafast%20non-thermal%20and%20thermal%20switching%20in%20charge%20configuration%20memory%20devices%20based%20on%201T-TaS2&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Lett.&amp;volume=119&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Mihailovic%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"112.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR112\">Liu, H. et al. A tantalum disulfide charge-density-wave stochastic artificial neuron for emulating neural statistical properties. Nano Lett. <b>21<\/b>, 3465\u20133472 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021NanoL..21.3465L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 112\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 112\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20tantalum%20disulfide%20charge-density-wave%20stochastic%20artificial%20neuron%20for%20emulating%20neural%20statistical%20properties&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=3465-3472&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Liu%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"113.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR113\">Li, W. &amp; Naik, G. V. Light-induced reorganization of charge density wave stacking in 1T-TaS2. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>118<\/b>, 253104 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021ApPhL.118y3104L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 113\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 113\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Light-induced%20reorganization%20of%20charge%20density%20wave%20stacking%20in%201T-TaS2&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Lett.&amp;volume=118&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Li%2CW&amp;author=Naik%2CGV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"114.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR114\">Behera, S. K., Ahalawat, M. &amp; Ramamurthy, P. C. Reconstructed electronic structure in 2D vdW 1T-Ta$S_2$ for quantum sensing and information science. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2404.14932\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.48550\/arXiv.2404.14932\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2404.14932<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"115.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR115\">Huang, W. C.-W. et al. Ultrafast optical switching to a heterochiral charge-density wave state. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2405.20872\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.48550\/arXiv.2405.20872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2405.20872<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"116.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR116\">Tilak, N. et al. Proximity induced charge density wave in a graphene\/1T-TaS2 heterostructure. Nat. Commun. <b>15<\/b>, 8056 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 116\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Proximity%20induced%20charge%20density%20wave%20in%20a%20graphene%2F1T-TaS2%20heterostructure&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Tilak%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"117.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR117\">Brown, J. O., Guo, T., Pasqualetti, F. &amp; Balandin, A. A. Charge-density-wave oscillator networks for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2503.06355\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.48550\/arXiv.2503.06355\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2503.06355<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"118.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR118\">Lv, B. Q. et al. Unconventional hysteretic transition in a charge density wave. Phys. Rev. Lett. <b>128<\/b>, 36401 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022PhRvL.128c6401L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 118\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 118\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Unconventional%20hysteretic%20transition%20in%20a%20charge%20density%20wave&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;volume=128&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Lv%2CBQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"119.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR119\">Wu, D. et al. Layered semiconductor EuTe 4 with charge density wave order in square tellurium sheets. Phys. Rev. Mater. <b>3<\/b>, 24002 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 119\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Layered%20semiconductor%20EuTe%204%20with%20charge%20density%20wave%20order%20in%20square%20tellurium%20sheets&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Mater.&amp;volume=3&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Wu%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"120.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR120\">Zhang, Q. Q. et al. Thermal hysteretic behavior and negative magnetoresistance in the charge density wave material EuTe 4. Phys. Rev. B <b>107<\/b>, 115141 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023PhRvB.107k5141Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 120\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 120\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20hysteretic%20behavior%20and%20negative%20magnetoresistance%20in%20the%20charge%20density%20wave%20material%20EuTe%204&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;volume=107&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Zhang%2CQQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"121.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR121\">Rathore, R. et al. Evolution of static charge density wave order, amplitude mode dynamics, and suppression of kohn anomalies at the hysteretic transition in EuTe 4. Phys. Rev. B <b>107<\/b>, 24101 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023PhRvB.107b4101R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 121\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 121\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evolution%20of%20static%20charge%20density%20wave%20order%2C%20amplitude%20mode%20dynamics%2C%20and%20suppression%20of%20kohn%20anomalies%20at%20the%20hysteretic%20transition%20in%20EuTe%204&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;volume=107&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Rathore%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"122.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR122\">Liu, Q. et al. Room-temperature non-volatile optical manipulation of polar order in a charge density wave. Nat. Commun. <b>15<\/b>, 8937 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 122\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Room-temperature%20non-volatile%20optical%20manipulation%20of%20polar%20order%20in%20a%20charge%20density%20wave&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Liu%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"123.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR123\">Verma, A. et al. Picosecond volume expansion drives a later-time insulator\u2013metal transition in a nano-textured mott insulator. Nat. Phys. <b>20<\/b>, 807\u2013814 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 123\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Picosecond%20volume%20expansion%20drives%20a%20later-time%20insulator%E2%80%93metal%20transition%20in%20a%20nano-textured%20mott%20insulator&amp;journal=Nat.%20Phys.&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=807-814&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Verma%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"124.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR124\">Venturini, R. et al. Electrically driven non-volatile resistance switching between charge density wave states at room temperature. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2412.13094\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.48550\/arXiv.2412.13094\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2412.13094<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"125.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR125\">Duan, S. et al. Identification of metastable lattice distortion free charge density wave at photoinduced interface via TRARPES. npj Quantum Mater. <b>10<\/b>, 16 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 125\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Identification%20of%20metastable%20lattice%20distortion%20free%20charge%20density%20wave%20at%20photoinduced%20interface%20via%20TRARPES&amp;journal=npj%20Quantum%20Mater.&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Duan%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"126.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR126\">de la Torre, A. et al. Dynamic phase transition into a mixed-CDW state in 1$T$-TaS$_2$ via a thermal quench. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2407.07953\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.48550\/arXiv.2407.07953\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2407.07953<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"127.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR127\">Boix-Constant, C. et al. Out-of-plane transport of 1T-TaS2 \/graphene-based van der waals heterostructures. ACS Nano <b>15<\/b>, 11898\u201311907 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 127\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Out-of-plane%20transport%20of%201T-TaS2%20%2Fgraphene-based%20van%20der%20waals%20heterostructures&amp;journal=ACS%20Nano&amp;volume=15&amp;pages=11898-11907&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Boix-Constant%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"128.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR128\">Taheri, M. et al. Electrical gating of the charge-density-wave phases in two-dimensional h -BN\/1T-TaS2 devices. ACS Nano <b>16<\/b>, 18968\u201318977 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 128\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Electrical%20gating%20of%20the%20charge-density-wave%20phases%20in%20two-dimensional%20h%20-BN%2F1T-TaS2%20devices&amp;journal=ACS%20Nano&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=18968-18977&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Taheri%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"129.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR129\">Shi, J. et al. Chemical vapor deposition grown wafer-scale 2D tantalum diselenide with robust charge-density-wave order. Adv. Mater. <b>30<\/b>, 1804616 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 129\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chemical%20vapor%20deposition%20grown%20wafer-scale%202D%20tantalum%20diselenide%20with%20robust%20charge-density-wave%20order&amp;journal=Adv.%20Mater.&amp;volume=30&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Shi%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"130.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR130\">Yanase, T. et al. Unidirectional growth of epitaxial tantalum disulfide triangle crystals grown on sapphire by chemical vapour deposition with a separate-flow system. CrystEngComm <b>26<\/b>, 341\u2013348 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 130\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Unidirectional%20growth%20of%20epitaxial%20tantalum%20disulfide%20triangle%20crystals%20grown%20on%20sapphire%20by%20chemical%20vapour%20deposition%20with%20a%20separate-flow%20system&amp;journal=CrystEngComm&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=341-348&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Yanase%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"131.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR131\">Huang, B. et al. Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit. Nature <b>546<\/b>, 270\u2013273 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017Natur.546..270H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 131\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 131\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Layer-dependent%20ferromagnetism%20in%20a%20van%20der%20Waals%20crystal%20down%20to%20the%20monolayer%20limit&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=546&amp;pages=270-273&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Huang%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"132.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR132\">Du, R. et al. Two-dimensional multiferroic material of metallic p-doped SnSe. Nat. Commun. <b>13<\/b>, 6130 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022NatCo..13.6130D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 132\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 132\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Two-dimensional%20multiferroic%20material%20of%20metallic%20p-doped%20SnSe&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Du%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"133.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR133\">Bonilla, M. et al. Strong room-temperature ferromagnetism in VSe2 monolayers on van der waals substrates. Nat. Nanotech. <b>13<\/b>, 289\u2013293 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018NatNa..13..289B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 133\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 133\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Strong%20room-temperature%20ferromagnetism%20in%20VSe2%20monolayers%20on%20van%20der%20waals%20substrates&amp;journal=Nat.%20Nanotech.&amp;volume=13&amp;pages=289-293&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Bonilla%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"134.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR134\">Zhang, G. et al. Above-room-temperature strong intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D van der waals Fe3GaTe2 with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Nat. Commun. <b>13<\/b>, 5067 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022NatCo..13.5067Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 134\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 134\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Above-room-temperature%20strong%20intrinsic%20ferromagnetism%20in%202D%20van%20der%20waals%20Fe3GaTe2%20with%20large%20perpendicular%20magnetic%20anisotropy&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Zhang%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"135.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR135\">Shao, D.-F. &amp; Tsymbal, E. Y. Antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions for spintronics. npj Spintron. <b>2<\/b>, 13 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 135\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Antiferromagnetic%20tunnel%20junctions%20for%20spintronics&amp;journal=npj%20Spintron.&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Shao%2CD-F&amp;author=Tsymbal%2CEY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"136.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR136\">Jungwirth, T., Marti, X., Wadley, P. &amp; Wunderlich, J. Antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Nanotechnol. <b>11<\/b>, 231\u2013241 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016NatNa..11..231J\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 136\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 136\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Antiferromagnetic%20spintronics&amp;journal=Nat.%20Nanotechnol.&amp;volume=11&amp;pages=231-241&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Jungwirth%2CT&amp;author=Marti%2CX&amp;author=Wadley%2CP&amp;author=Wunderlich%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"137.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR137\">Lee, J.-U. et al. Ising-type magnetic ordering in atomically thin FePS3. Nano Lett. <b>16<\/b>, 7433\u20137438 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016NanoL..16.7433L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 137\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 137\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ising-type%20magnetic%20ordering%20in%20atomically%20thin%20FePS3&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=7433-7438&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Lee%2CJ-U\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"138.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR138\">Wang, X. et al. Electrical and magnetic anisotropies in van der Waals multiferroic CuCrP2S6. Nat. Commun. <b>14<\/b>, 840 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatCo..14..840W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 138\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 138\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Electrical%20and%20magnetic%20anisotropies%20in%20van%20der%20Waals%20multiferroic%20CuCrP2S6&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Wang%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"139.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR139\">Song, Q. et al. Evidence for a single-layer van der Waals multiferroic. Nature <b>602<\/b>, 601\u2013605 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022Natur.602..601S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 139\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 139\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evidence%20for%20a%20single-layer%20van%20der%20Waals%20multiferroic&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=602&amp;pages=601-605&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Song%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"140.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR140\">Sattar, S., Islam, M. F. &amp; Canali, C. M. Monolayer Mn X. and Janus, X Mn Y (X, Y= S, Se, Te): a family of two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B <b>106<\/b>, 085410 (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"141.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR141\">Moinuddin, M. G., Srinivasan, S. &amp; Sharma, S. K. Probing ferrimagnetic semiconductor with enhanced negative magnetoresistance: 2D chromium sulfide. Adv. Electron. Mater. <b>7<\/b>, 2001116 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 141\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Probing%20ferrimagnetic%20semiconductor%20with%20enhanced%20negative%20magnetoresistance%3A%202D%20chromium%20sulfide&amp;journal=Adv.%20Electron.%20Mater.&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Moinuddin%2CMG&amp;author=Srinivasan%2CS&amp;author=Sharma%2CSK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"142.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR142\">Girovsky, J. et al. Long-range ferrimagnetic order in a two-dimensional supramolecular kondo lattice. Nat. Commun. <b>8<\/b>, 15388 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017NatCo...815388G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 142\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 142\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Long-range%20ferrimagnetic%20order%20in%20a%20two-dimensional%20supramolecular%20kondo%20lattice&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Girovsky%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"143.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR143\">Li, X. &amp; Yang, J. Toward room-temperature magnetic semiconductors in two-dimensional ferrimagnetic organometallic lattices. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. <b>10<\/b>, 2439\u20132444 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 143\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Toward%20room-temperature%20magnetic%20semiconductors%20in%20two-dimensional%20ferrimagnetic%20organometallic%20lattices&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20Chem.%20Lett.&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=2439-2444&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Li%2CX&amp;author=Yang%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"144.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR144\">Fender, S. S., Gonzalez, O. &amp; Bediako, D. K. Altermagnetism: a chemical perspective. J. Am. Chem. Soc. <b>147<\/b>, 2257\u20132274 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 144\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Altermagnetism%3A%20a%20chemical%20perspective&amp;journal=J.%20Am.%20Chem.%20Soc.&amp;volume=147&amp;pages=2257-2274&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Fender%2CSS&amp;author=Gonzalez%2CO&amp;author=Bediako%2CDK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"145.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR145\">Song, C. et al. Altermagnets as a new class of functional materials. Nat. Rev. Mater. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41578-025-00779-1\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41578-025-00779-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41578-025-00779-1<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 145\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Altermagnets%20as%20a%20new%20class%20of%20functional%20materials&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Mater.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41578-025-00779-1&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Song%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"146.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR146\">Reichlova, H. et al. Observation of a spontaneous anomalous hall response in the Mn5Si3 d-wave altermagnet candidate. Nat. Commun. <b>15<\/b>, 4961 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024NatCo..15.4961R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 146\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 146\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20a%20spontaneous%20anomalous%20hall%20response%20in%20the%20Mn5Si3%20d-wave%20altermagnet%20candidate&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Reichlova%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"147.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR147\">Regmi, R.B., Bhandari, H. &amp; Thapa, B. Altermagnetism in the layered intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide CoNb4Se8. Nat Commun <b>16<\/b>, 4399 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 147\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Altermagnetism%20in%20the%20layered%20intercalated%20transition%20metal%20dichalcogenide%20CoNb4Se8&amp;journal=Nat%20Commun&amp;volume=16&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Regmi%2CRB&amp;author=Bhandari%2CH&amp;author=Thapa%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"148.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR148\">Lawrence, E. A. et al. Fe site order and magnetic properties of Fe1\/4 NbS2. Inorg. Chem. <b>62<\/b>, 18179\u201318188 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 148\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Fe%20site%20order%20and%20magnetic%20properties%20of%20Fe1%2F4%20NbS2&amp;journal=Inorg.%20Chem.&amp;volume=62&amp;pages=18179-18188&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Lawrence%2CEA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"149.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR149\">Fert, A., Reyren, N. &amp; Cros, V. Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications. Nat. Rev. Mater. <b>2<\/b>, 17031 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017NatRM...217031F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 149\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 149\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20skyrmions%3A%20advances%20in%20physics%20and%20potential%20applications&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Mater.&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Fert%2CA&amp;author=Reyren%2CN&amp;author=Cros%2CV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"150.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR150\">Bera, S. &amp; Mandal, S. S. Theory of the skyrmion, meron, antiskyrmion, and antimeron in chiral magnets. Phys. Rev. Res. <b>1<\/b>, 033109 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 150\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Theory%20of%20the%20skyrmion%2C%20meron%2C%20antiskyrmion%2C%20and%20antimeron%20in%20chiral%20magnets&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Res.&amp;volume=1&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Bera%2CS&amp;author=Mandal%2CSS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"151.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR151\">Tey, M. S. N., Chen, X., Soumyanarayanan, A. &amp; Ho, P. Chiral spin textures for next-generation memory and unconventional computing. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. <b>4<\/b>, 5088\u20135097 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 151\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chiral%20spin%20textures%20for%20next-generation%20memory%20and%20unconventional%20computing&amp;journal=ACS%20Appl.%20Electron.%20Mater.&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=5088-5097&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Tey%2CMSN&amp;author=Chen%2CX&amp;author=Soumyanarayanan%2CA&amp;author=Ho%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"152.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR152\">Cr\u00e9pieux, A. &amp; Lacroix, C. Dzyaloshinsky\u2013moriya interactions induced by symmetry breaking at a surface. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. <b>182<\/b>, 341\u2013349 (1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1998JMMM..182..341C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 152\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 152\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dzyaloshinsky%E2%80%93moriya%20interactions%20induced%20by%20symmetry%20breaking%20at%20a%20surface&amp;journal=J.%20Magn.%20Magn.%20Mater.&amp;volume=182&amp;pages=341-349&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=Cr%C3%A9pieux%2CA&amp;author=Lacroix%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"153.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR153\">Yu, X. Z. et al. Near room-temperature formation of a skyrmion crystal in thin-films of the helimagnet FeGe. Nat. Mater. <b>10<\/b>, 106\u2013109 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2011AIPC.1388..106Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 153\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 153\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Near%20room-temperature%20formation%20of%20a%20skyrmion%20crystal%20in%20thin-films%20of%20the%20helimagnet%20FeGe&amp;journal=Nat.%20Mater.&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=106-109&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Yu%2CXZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"154.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR154\">Behera, A. K., Chowdhury, S. &amp; Das, S. R. Magnetic skyrmions in atomic thin CrI3 monolayer. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>114<\/b>, 232402 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019ApPhL.114w2402B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 154\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 154\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20skyrmions%20in%20atomic%20thin%20CrI3%20monolayer&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Lett.&amp;volume=114&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Behera%2CAK&amp;author=Chowdhury%2CS&amp;author=Das%2CSR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"155.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR155\">Zhang, Y. et al. Generation of magnetic skyrmions in two-dimensional magnets via interfacial proximity. Phys. Rev. B <b>107<\/b>, 24402 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023PhRvB.107b4402Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 155\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 155\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Generation%20of%20magnetic%20skyrmions%20in%20two-dimensional%20magnets%20via%20interfacial%20proximity&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20B&amp;volume=107&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Zhang%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"156.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR156\">Hallal, A. et al. Rashba-type dzyaloshinskii\u2013moriya interaction, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and skyrmion states at 2D materials\/Co interfaces. Nano Lett. <b>21<\/b>, 7138\u20137144 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021NanoL..21.7138H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 156\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 156\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Rashba-type%20dzyaloshinskii%E2%80%93moriya%20interaction%2C%20perpendicular%20magnetic%20anisotropy%2C%20and%20skyrmion%20states%20at%202D%20materials%2FCo%20interfaces&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=7138-7144&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Hallal%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"157.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR157\">Sun, W. et al. Manipulation of magnetic skyrmion in a 2D van der Waals heterostructure via both electric and magnetic fields. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>31<\/b>, 2104452 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 157\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Manipulation%20of%20magnetic%20skyrmion%20in%20a%202D%20van%20der%20Waals%20heterostructure%20via%20both%20electric%20and%20magnetic%20fields&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=31&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Sun%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"158.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR158\">Cui, Q. et al. Anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii\u2013Moriya interaction and topological magnetism in two-dimensional magnets protected by P 4\u0305 m 2 crystal symmetry. Nano Lett. <b>22<\/b>, 2334\u20132341 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022NanoL..22.2334C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 158\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 158\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Anisotropic%20Dzyaloshinskii%E2%80%93Moriya%20interaction%20and%20topological%20magnetism%20in%20two-dimensional%20magnets%20protected%20by%20P%204%CC%85%20m%202%20crystal%20symmetry&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=2334-2341&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Cui%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"159.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR159\">Bennett, D., Chaudhary, G., Slager, R.-J., Bousquet, E. &amp; Ghosez, P. Polar meron-antimeron networks in strained and twisted bilayers. Nat. Commun. <b>14<\/b>, 1629 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatCo..14.1629B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 159\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 159\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Polar%20meron-antimeron%20networks%20in%20strained%20and%20twisted%20bilayers&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Bennett%2CD&amp;author=Chaudhary%2CG&amp;author=Slager%2CR-J&amp;author=Bousquet%2CE&amp;author=Ghosez%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"160.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR160\">Xia, J., Zhang, X., Liu, X., Zhou, Y. &amp; Ezawa, M. Qubits based on merons in magnetic nanodisks. Commun. Mater. <b>3<\/b>, 88 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 160\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Qubits%20based%20on%20merons%20in%20magnetic%20nanodisks&amp;journal=Commun.%20Mater.&amp;volume=3&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Xia%2CJ&amp;author=Zhang%2CX&amp;author=Liu%2CX&amp;author=Zhou%2CY&amp;author=Ezawa%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"161.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR161\">Huang, Y., Kang, W., Zhang, X., Zhou, Y. &amp; Zhao, W. Magnetic skyrmion-based synaptic devices. Nanotechnology <b>28<\/b>, 08LT02 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 161\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20skyrmion-based%20synaptic%20devices&amp;journal=Nanotechnology&amp;volume=28&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Huang%2CY&amp;author=Kang%2CW&amp;author=Zhang%2CX&amp;author=Zhou%2CY&amp;author=Zhao%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"162.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR162\">Ahn, E. C. 2D materials for spintronic devices. npj 2D Mater. Appl <b>4<\/b>, 17 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 162\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2D%20materials%20for%20spintronic%20devices&amp;journal=npj%202D%20Mater.%20Appl&amp;volume=4&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Ahn%2CEC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"163.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR163\">Ikeda, S. et al. Magnetic tunnel junctions for spintronic memories and beyond. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices <b>54<\/b>, 991\u20131002 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2007ITED...54..991I\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 163\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 163\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20tunnel%20junctions%20for%20spintronic%20memories%20and%20beyond&amp;journal=IEEE%20Trans.%20Electron%20Devices&amp;volume=54&amp;pages=991-1002&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Ikeda%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"164.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR164\">Kumar, M. et al. Progress in multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials: applications, opportunities and challenges. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. <b>31<\/b>, 19487\u201319510 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 164\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Progress%20in%20multiferroic%20and%20magnetoelectric%20materials%3A%20applications%2C%20opportunities%20and%20challenges&amp;journal=J.%20Mater.%20Sci.%20Mater.%20Electron.&amp;volume=31&amp;pages=19487-19510&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Kumar%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"165.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR165\">Tabrizchi, S. et al. Magnetic-based integrated sensing and In\/near-sensor processing:a comprehensive survey and future outlook. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4909455\/v1\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4909455\/v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4909455\/v1<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"166.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR166\">Yang, H. et al. Two-dimensional materials prospects for non-volatile spintronic memories. Nature <b>606<\/b>, 663\u2013673 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022Natur.606..663Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 166\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 166\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Two-dimensional%20materials%20prospects%20for%20non-volatile%20spintronic%20memories&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=606&amp;pages=663-673&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Yang%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"167.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR167\">Kaverzin, A. A., Ghiasi, T. S., Dismukes, A. H., Roy, X. &amp; van Wees, B. J. Towards fully two-dimensional spintronic devices. 2D Mater. <b>9<\/b>, 045003 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 167\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Towards%20fully%20two-dimensional%20spintronic%20devices&amp;journal=2D%20Mater.&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Kaverzin%2CAA&amp;author=Ghiasi%2CTS&amp;author=Dismukes%2CAH&amp;author=Roy%2CX&amp;author=van%20Wees%2CBJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"168.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR168\">Piquemal-Banci, M. et al. 2D-MTJs: introducing 2D materials in magnetic tunnel junctions. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. <b>50<\/b>, 203002 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017JPhD...50t3002P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 168\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 168\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2D-MTJs%3A%20introducing%202D%20materials%20in%20magnetic%20tunnel%20junctions&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20D%20Appl.%20Phys.&amp;volume=50&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Piquemal-Banci%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"169.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR169\">Wang, Z. et al. Tunneling spin valves based on Fe3 GeTe2 \/hBN\/Fe3 GeTe2 van der waals heterostructures. Nano Lett. <b>18<\/b>, 4303\u20134308 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018NanoL..18.4303W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 169\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 169\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tunneling%20spin%20valves%20based%20on%20Fe3%20GeTe2%20%2FhBN%2FFe3%20GeTe2%20van%20der%20waals%20heterostructures&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=4303-4308&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Wang%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"170.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR170\">Camsari, K. Y., Sutton, B. M. &amp; Datta, S. p-bits for probabilistic spin logic. Appl. Phys. Rev. <b>6<\/b>, 11305 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 170\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=p-bits%20for%20probabilistic%20spin%20logic&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Rev.&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Camsari%2CKY&amp;author=Sutton%2CBM&amp;author=Datta%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"171.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR171\">Daniel, J. et al. Experimental demonstration of an on-chip p-bit core based on stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions and 2D MoS2 transistors. Nat. Commun. <b>15<\/b>, 4098 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024NatCo..15.4098D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 171\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 171\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Experimental%20demonstration%20of%20an%20on-chip%20p-bit%20core%20based%20on%20stochastic%20magnetic%20tunnel%20junctions%20and%202D%20MoS2%20transistors&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Daniel%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"172.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR172\">L\u00f6hndorf, M. et al. Highly sensitive strain sensors based on magnetic tunneling junctions. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>81<\/b>, 313\u2013315 (2002).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2002ApPhL..81..313L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 172\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 172\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Highly%20sensitive%20strain%20sensors%20based%20on%20magnetic%20tunneling%20junctions&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Lett.&amp;volume=81&amp;pages=313-315&amp;publication_year=2002&amp;author=L%C3%B6hndorf%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"173.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR173\">Ota, S., Ando, A. &amp; Chiba, D. A flexible giant magnetoresistive device for sensing strain direction. Nat. Electron. <b>1<\/b>, 124\u2013129 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 173\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20flexible%20giant%20magnetoresistive%20device%20for%20sensing%20strain%20direction&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron.&amp;volume=1&amp;pages=124-129&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Ota%2CS&amp;author=Ando%2CA&amp;author=Chiba%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"174.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR174\">Liang, S. et al. Small-voltage multiferroic control of two-dimensional magnetic insulators. Nat. Electron. <b>6<\/b>, 199\u2013205 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 174\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Small-voltage%20multiferroic%20control%20of%20two-dimensional%20magnetic%20insulators&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron.&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=199-205&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Liang%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"175.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR175\">Behera, B., Sutar, B. C. &amp; Pradhan, N. R. Recent progress on 2D ferroelectric and multiferroic materials, challenges, and opportunity. Emergent Mater. <b>4<\/b>, 847\u2013863 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 175\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recent%20progress%20on%202D%20ferroelectric%20and%20multiferroic%20materials%2C%20challenges%2C%20and%20opportunity&amp;journal=Emergent%20Mater.&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=847-863&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Behera%2CB&amp;author=Sutar%2CBC&amp;author=Pradhan%2CNR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"176.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR176\">Guo, Y. et al. 2D multiferroicity with ferroelectric switching induced spin-constrained photoelectricity. ACS Nano <b>16<\/b>, 11174\u201311181 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 176\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2D%20multiferroicity%20with%20ferroelectric%20switching%20induced%20spin-constrained%20photoelectricity&amp;journal=ACS%20Nano&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=11174-11181&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Guo%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"177.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR177\">Krempask\u00fd, J. et al. Efficient magnetic switching in a correlated spin glass. Nat. Commun. <b>14<\/b>, 6127 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatCo..14.6127K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 177\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 177\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Efficient%20magnetic%20switching%20in%20a%20correlated%20spin%20glass&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Krempask%C3%BD%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"178.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR178\">Shao, D.-F., Zhang, S.-H., Li, M., Eom, C.-B. &amp; Tsymbal, E. Y. Spin-neutral currents for spintronics. Nat. Commun. <b>12<\/b>, 7061 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021NatCo..12.7061S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 178\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 178\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spin-neutral%20currents%20for%20spintronics&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Shao%2CD-F&amp;author=Zhang%2CS-H&amp;author=Li%2CM&amp;author=Eom%2CC-B&amp;author=Tsymbal%2CEY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"179.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR179\">Dong, J. et al. Tunneling magnetoresistance in noncollinear antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions. Phys. Rev. Lett. <b>128<\/b>, 197201 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022PhRvL.128s7201D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 179\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 179\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tunneling%20magnetoresistance%20in%20noncollinear%20antiferromagnetic%20tunnel%20junctions&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;volume=128&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Dong%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"180.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR180\">Qin, P. et al. Room-temperature magnetoresistance in an all-antiferromagnetic tunnel junction. Nature <b>613<\/b>, 485\u2013489 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023Natur.613..485Q\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 180\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 180\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Room-temperature%20magnetoresistance%20in%20an%20all-antiferromagnetic%20tunnel%20junction&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=613&amp;pages=485-489&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Qin%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"181.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR181\">Zhang, X. et al. Skyrmion-skyrmion and skyrmion-edge repulsions in skyrmion-based racetrack memory. Sci. Rep. <b>5<\/b>, 7643 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 181\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Skyrmion-skyrmion%20and%20skyrmion-edge%20repulsions%20in%20skyrmion-based%20racetrack%20memory&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Zhang%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"182.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR182\">Koraltan, S. et al. Skyrmionic device for three dimensional magnetic field sensing enabled by spin-orbit torques. Preprint at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2403.16725\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.48550\/arXiv.2403.16725\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2403.16725<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"183.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR183\">Yokouchi, T. et al. Pattern recognition with neuromorphic computing using magnetic field\u2013induced dynamics of skyrmions. Sci. Adv. <b>8<\/b>, eabq5652 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022SciA....8.5652Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 183\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 183\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Pattern%20recognition%20with%20neuromorphic%20computing%20using%20magnetic%20field%E2%80%93induced%20dynamics%20of%20skyrmions&amp;journal=Sci.%20Adv.&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Yokouchi%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"184.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR184\">Gong, C. et al. Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der waals crystals. Nature <b>546<\/b>, 265\u2013269 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017Natur.546..265G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 184\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 184\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Discovery%20of%20intrinsic%20ferromagnetism%20in%20two-dimensional%20van%20der%20waals%20crystals&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=546&amp;pages=265-269&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Gong%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"185.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR185\">Ansari, M. S., Othman, M. H. D., Ansari, M. O., Ansari, S. &amp; Abdullah, H. Progress in Fe3O4-centered spintronic systems: development, architecture, and features. Appl. Mater. Today <b>25<\/b>, 101181 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 185\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Progress%20in%20Fe3O4-centered%20spintronic%20systems%3A%20development%2C%20architecture%2C%20and%20features&amp;journal=Appl.%20Mater.%20Today&amp;volume=25&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Ansari%2CMS&amp;author=Othman%2CMHD&amp;author=Ansari%2CMO&amp;author=Ansari%2CS&amp;author=Abdullah%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"186.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR186\">Plummer, D. Z. et al. 2D Spintronics for neuromorphic computing with scalability and energy efficiency. J. Low Power Electron. Appl. <b>15<\/b>, 16 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 186\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2D%20Spintronics%20for%20neuromorphic%20computing%20with%20scalability%20and%20energy%20efficiency&amp;journal=J.%20Low%20Power%20Electron.%20Appl.&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Plummer%2CDZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"187.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR187\">Wang, H. et al. Above room-temperature ferromagnetism in wafer-scale two-dimensional van der waals Fe3 GeTe2 tailored by a topological insulator. ACS Nano <b>14<\/b>, 10045\u201310053 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 187\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Above%20room-temperature%20ferromagnetism%20in%20wafer-scale%20two-dimensional%20van%20der%20waals%20Fe3%20GeTe2%20tailored%20by%20a%20topological%20insulator&amp;journal=ACS%20Nano&amp;volume=14&amp;pages=10045-10053&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Wang%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"188.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR188\">Dankert, A., Venkata Kamalakar, M., Wajid, A., Patel, R. S. &amp; Dash, S. P. Tunnel magnetoresistance with atomically thin two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride barriers. Nano Res <b>8<\/b>, 1357\u20131364 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 188\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tunnel%20magnetoresistance%20with%20atomically%20thin%20two-dimensional%20hexagonal%20boron%20nitride%20barriers&amp;journal=Nano%20Res&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=1357-1364&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Dankert%2CA&amp;author=Venkata%20Kamalakar%2CM&amp;author=Wajid%2CA&amp;author=Patel%2CRS&amp;author=Dash%2CSP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"189.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR189\">Dieny, B. et al. Opportunities and challenges for spintronics in the microelectronics industry. Nat. Electron. <b>3<\/b>, 446\u2013459 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 189\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Opportunities%20and%20challenges%20for%20spintronics%20in%20the%20microelectronics%20industry&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron.&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=446-459&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Dieny%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"190.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR190\">Kumari, S., Pradhan, D. K., Pradhan, N. R. &amp; Rack, P. D. Recent developments on 2D magnetic materials: challenges and opportunities. Emergent Mater. <b>4<\/b>, 827\u2013846 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 190\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recent%20developments%20on%202D%20magnetic%20materials%3A%20challenges%20and%20opportunities&amp;journal=Emergent%20Mater.&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=827-846&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Kumari%2CS&amp;author=Pradhan%2CDK&amp;author=Pradhan%2CNR&amp;author=Rack%2CPD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"191.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR191\">Hao, Q. et al. 2D magnetic heterostructures and emergent spintronic devices. Adv. Elect. Mater. <b>8<\/b>, 2200164 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 191\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2D%20magnetic%20heterostructures%20and%20emergent%20spintronic%20devices&amp;journal=Adv.%20Elect.%20Mater.&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Hao%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"192.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR192\">Leitao, D. C. et al. Enhanced performance and functionality in spintronic sensors. Npj Spintron. <b>2<\/b>, 54 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 192\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Enhanced%20performance%20and%20functionality%20in%20spintronic%20sensors&amp;journal=Npj%20Spintron.&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Leitao%2CDC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"193.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR193\">Zhao, Z., Lin, Y. &amp; Avsar, A. Novel spintronic effects in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. npj 2D Mater. Appl. <b>9<\/b>, 30 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 193\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Novel%20spintronic%20effects%20in%20two-dimensional%20van%20der%20Waals%20heterostructures&amp;journal=npj%202D%20Mater.%20Appl.&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Zhao%2CZ&amp;author=Lin%2CY&amp;author=Avsar%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"194.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR194\">Cui, Z. et al. Magnetic-ferroelectric synergic control of multilevel conducting states in van der waals multiferroic tunnel junctions towards in-memory computing. Nanoscale <b>16<\/b>, 1331\u20131344 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 194\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic-ferroelectric%20synergic%20control%20of%20multilevel%20conducting%20states%20in%20van%20der%20waals%20multiferroic%20tunnel%20junctions%20towards%20in-memory%20computing&amp;journal=Nanoscale&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=1331-1344&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Cui%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"195.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR195\">Piquemal-Banci, M. et al. Magnetic tunnel junctions with monolayer hexagonal boron nitride tunnel barriers. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>108<\/b>, 102404 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016ApPhL.108j2404P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 195\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 195\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20tunnel%20junctions%20with%20monolayer%20hexagonal%20boron%20nitride%20tunnel%20barriers&amp;journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Lett.&amp;volume=108&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Piquemal-Banci%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"196.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR196\">Jayachandran, D. et al. Three-dimensional integration of two-dimensional field-effect transistors. Nature <b>625<\/b>, 276\u2013281 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024Natur.625..276J\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 196\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 196\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Three-dimensional%20integration%20of%20two-dimensional%20field-effect%20transistors&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=625&amp;pages=276-281&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Jayachandran%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"197.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR197\">Schram, T. et al. WS2 transistors on 300 mm wafers with BEOL compatibility. In Proc. 47th European Solid-state Device Research Conference (essderc) 212\u2013215. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ESSDERC.2017.8066629\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1109\/ESSDERC.2017.8066629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ESSDERC.2017.8066629<\/a> (IEEE, Leuven, Belgium, 2017).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"198.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR198\">Kim, K. S. et al. Non-epitaxial single-crystal 2D material growth by geometric confinement. Nature <b>614<\/b>, 88\u201394 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023Natur.614...88K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 198\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 198\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Non-epitaxial%20single-crystal%202D%20material%20growth%20by%20geometric%20confinement&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=614&amp;pages=88-94&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Kim%2CKS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"199.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR199\">Zhou, Z. et al. Stack growth of wafer-scale van der Waals superconductor heterostructures. Nature <b>621<\/b>, 499\u2013505 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023Natur.621..499Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 199\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 199\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stack%20growth%20of%20wafer-scale%20van%20der%20Waals%20superconductor%20heterostructures&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=621&amp;pages=499-505&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Zhou%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"200.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR200\">Schranghamer, T. F., Sharma, M., Singh, R. &amp; Das, S. Review and comparison of layer transfer methods for two-dimensional materials for emerging applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. <b>50<\/b>, 11032\u201311054 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 200\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Review%20and%20comparison%20of%20layer%20transfer%20methods%20for%20two-dimensional%20materials%20for%20emerging%20applications&amp;journal=Chem.%20Soc.%20Rev.&amp;volume=50&amp;pages=11032-11054&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Schranghamer%2CTF&amp;author=Sharma%2CM&amp;author=Singh%2CR&amp;author=Das%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"201.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR201\">Nakatani, M. et al. Ready-to-transfer two-dimensional materials using tunable adhesive force tapes. Nat. Electron. <b>7<\/b>, 119\u2013130 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 201\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ready-to-transfer%20two-dimensional%20materials%20using%20tunable%20adhesive%20force%20tapes&amp;journal=Nat.%20Electron.&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=119-130&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Nakatani%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"202.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR202\">Kim, H. et al. High-throughput manufacturing of epitaxial membranes from a single wafer by 2D materials-based layer transfer process. Nat. Nanotechnol. <b>18<\/b>, 464\u2013470 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023NatNa..18..464K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 202\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 202\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=High-throughput%20manufacturing%20of%20epitaxial%20membranes%20from%20a%20single%20wafer%20by%202D%20materials-based%20layer%20transfer%20process&amp;journal=Nat.%20Nanotechnol.&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=464-470&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Kim%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"203.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR203\">Liu, Y., Huang, Y. &amp; Duan, X. Van der Waals integration before and beyond two-dimensional materials. Nature <b>567<\/b>, 323\u2013333 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019Natur.567..323L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 203\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 203\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Van%20der%20Waals%20integration%20before%20and%20beyond%20two-dimensional%20materials&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=567&amp;pages=323-333&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Liu%2CY&amp;author=Huang%2CY&amp;author=Duan%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"204.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR204\">Aubin, C. A. et al. Towards enduring autonomous robots via embodied energy. Nature <b>602<\/b>, 393\u2013402 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022Natur.602..393A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 204\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 204\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Towards%20enduring%20autonomous%20robots%20via%20embodied%20energy&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=602&amp;pages=393-402&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Aubin%2CCA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"205.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR205\">Rodgers, M. M., Pai, V. M. &amp; Conroy, R. S. Recent advances in wearable sensors for health monitoring. IEEE Sens. J. <b>15<\/b>, 3119\u20133126 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015ISenJ..15.3119R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 205\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 205\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recent%20advances%20in%20wearable%20sensors%20for%20health%20monitoring&amp;journal=IEEE%20Sens.%20J.&amp;volume=15&amp;pages=3119-3126&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Rodgers%2CMM&amp;author=Pai%2CVM&amp;author=Conroy%2CRS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"206.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR206\">Wang, T.-Y. et al. Reconfigurable optoelectronic memristor for in-sensor computing applications. Nano Energy <b>89<\/b>, 106291 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 206\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Reconfigurable%20optoelectronic%20memristor%20for%20in-sensor%20computing%20applications&amp;journal=Nano%20Energy&amp;volume=89&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Wang%2CT-Y\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"207.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR207\">Feng, G. et al. Flexible vertical photogating transistor network with an ultrashort channel for In-sensor visual nociceptor. Adv. Funct. Mater. <b>31<\/b>, 2104327 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 207\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Flexible%20vertical%20photogating%20transistor%20network%20with%20an%20ultrashort%20channel%20for%20In-sensor%20visual%20nociceptor&amp;journal=Adv.%20Funct.%20Mater.&amp;volume=31&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Feng%2CG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"208.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR208\">Ji, R. et al. Fully light-modulated organic artificial synapse with the assistance of ferroelectric polarization. Adv. Electron. Mater. <b>8<\/b>, 2101402 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 208\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Fully%20light-modulated%20organic%20artificial%20synapse%20with%20the%20assistance%20of%20ferroelectric%20polarization&amp;journal=Adv.%20Electron.%20Mater.&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Ji%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"209.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR209\">Haldane, F. D. M. Nobel lecture: topological quantum matter. Rev. Mod. Phys. <b>89<\/b>, 40502 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"mathscinet reference\" data-track-action=\"mathscinet reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet-getitem?mr=3746344\" aria-label=\"MathSciNet reference 209\" target=\"_blank\">MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 209\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nobel%20lecture%3A%20topological%20quantum%20matter&amp;journal=Rev.%20Mod.%20Phys.&amp;volume=89&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Haldane%2CFDM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"210.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR210\">Kou, X., Fan, Y., Lang, M., Upadhyaya, P. &amp; Wang, K. L. Magnetic topological insulators and quantum anomalous hall effect. Solid State Commun. <b>215\u2013216<\/b>, 34\u201353 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015SSCom.215...34K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 210\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 210\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Magnetic%20topological%20insulators%20and%20quantum%20anomalous%20hall%20effect&amp;journal=Solid%20State%20Commun.&amp;volume=215%E2%80%93216&amp;pages=34-53&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Kou%2CX&amp;author=Fan%2CY&amp;author=Lang%2CM&amp;author=Upadhyaya%2CP&amp;author=Wang%2CKL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"211.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR211\">Liu, Y. et al. Cryogenic in-memory computing using magnetic topological insulators. Nat. Mater. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41563-024-02088-4\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41563-024-02088-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41563-024-02088-4<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"212.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR212\">Zhu, T., Wang, H., Zhang, H. &amp; Xing, D. Tunable dynamical magnetoelectric effect in antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 films. npj Comput. Mater. <b>7<\/b>, 121 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2021npjCM...7..121Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 212\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 212\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tunable%20dynamical%20magnetoelectric%20effect%20in%20antiferromagnetic%20topological%20insulator%20MnBi2Te4%20films&amp;journal=npj%20Comput.%20Mater.&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Zhu%2CT&amp;author=Wang%2CH&amp;author=Zhang%2CH&amp;author=Xing%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"213.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR213\">Weber, B. et al. 2024 roadmap on 2D topological insulators. J. Phys. Mater. <b>7<\/b>, 22501 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 213\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2024%20roadmap%20on%202D%20topological%20insulators&amp;journal=J.%20Phys.%20Mater.&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Weber%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"214.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR214\">Cucchi, I. et al. Microfocus laser\u2013angle-resolved photoemission on encapsulated mono-, Bi-, and few-layer 1T\u2032-WTe2. Nano Lett. <b>19<\/b>, 554\u2013560 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019NanoL..19..554C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 214\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 214\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Microfocus%20laser%E2%80%93angle-resolved%20photoemission%20on%20encapsulated%20mono-%2C%20Bi-%2C%20and%20few-layer%201T%E2%80%B2-WTe2&amp;journal=Nano%20Lett.&amp;volume=19&amp;pages=554-560&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Cucchi%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"215.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR215\">Xu, N., Xu, Y. &amp; Zhu, J. Topological insulators for thermoelectrics. npj Quantum Mater. <b>2<\/b>, 51 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017npjQM...2...51X\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 215\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 215\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Topological%20insulators%20for%20thermoelectrics&amp;journal=npj%20Quantum%20Mater.&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Xu%2CN&amp;author=Xu%2CY&amp;author=Zhu%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"216.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR216\">Wen, W., Dang, C. &amp; Xie, L. Photoinduced phase transitions in two-dimensional charge-density-wave 1T-TaS2 *. Chin. Phys. B <b>28<\/b>, 58504 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2019ChPhB..28E8504W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 216\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 216\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Photoinduced%20phase%20transitions%20in%20two-dimensional%20charge-density-wave%201T-TaS2%20%2A&amp;journal=Chin.%20Phys.%20B&amp;volume=28&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Wen%2CW&amp;author=Dang%2CC&amp;author=Xie%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"217.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR217\">Freitas, P. P., Ferreira, R. &amp; Cardoso, S. Spintronic sensors. Proc. IEEE <b>104<\/b>, 1894\u20131918 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 217\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spintronic%20sensors&amp;journal=Proc.%20IEEE&amp;volume=104&amp;pages=1894-1918&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Freitas%2CPP&amp;author=Ferreira%2CR&amp;author=Cardoso%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Li, S., Xu, L. D. &amp; Zhao, S. The internet of things: a survey. Inf. Syst. Front. 17,&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":316561,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3164],"tags":[22099,22101,3284,12788,29693,8173,40158,115219,22098,22100,3966,58766,50827,3358,52329,53,22102,13811,16,15],"class_list":{"0":"post-316560","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-computing","8":"tag-applied-science","9":"tag-computer-hardware","10":"tag-computing","11":"tag-electrical-and-electronic-engineering","12":"tag-electronic-devices","13":"tag-engineering","14":"tag-graphene","15":"tag-materials-for-devices","16":"tag-materials-science","17":"tag-mathematical-models-of-cognitive-processes-and-neural-networks","18":"tag-multidisciplinary","19":"tag-nanoscale-materials","20":"tag-nanoscience-and-technology","21":"tag-quantum-computing","22":"tag-sensors-and-biosensors","23":"tag-technology","24":"tag-theory-of-computation","25":"tag-two-dimensional-materials","26":"tag-uk","27":"tag-united-kingdom"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@uk\/114969300470813201","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=316560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316560\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/316561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=316560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=316560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=316560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}