• Gilmore, A. B. et al. Defining and conceptualising the commercial determinants of health. Lancet 401, 1194–1213 (2023).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Marmot, M. Social determinants of health inequalities. Lancet 365, 1099–1104 (2005).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C. & Thornburg, K. L. Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. N. Eng. J. Med. 359, 61–73 (2008).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Modi, N. & Hanson, M. A. The commercial determinants of infant and child health. BMJ 31, 387 (2024).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Veenema, R. J., Hoepner, L. A. & Geer, L. A. Climate change-related environmental exposures and perinatal and maternal health outcomes in the US. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20, 1662 (2023).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Stubbs, T., White, V. M., Kong, M. & Toumbourou, J. W. Uncovering the advertising and promotional strategies of tobacco companies in Cambodia: recall of below-the-line marketing among young male smokers. Tobacco Control 32, 614–619 (2023).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • van der Eijk, Y. & Tan, G. P. Tobacco industry’s ‘behind the scenes’ tactics in Singapore. Tobacco Control 32, 280–286 (2023).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fang, J., Lee, K. & Pouranik, N. S. Does the China National Tobacco Corporation Threaten Global Public Health? In Global Health Security in China, Japan, and India: Assessing Sustainable Development Goals. Jacobs, L. A., Wada, Y., Vertinsky, I (Eds), p 169 (2023).

  • Popova, S. et al. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 9, 11 (2023).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Collins, R. L. et al. Alcohol advertising exposure among middle school-age youth: an assessment across all media and venues. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 77, 384–392 (2016).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Krausová, M. et al. Understanding the chemical exposome during fetal development and early childhood: a review. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 63, 517–540 (2023).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Di Renzo, G. C. et al. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics opinion on reproductive health impacts of exposure to toxic environmental chemicals. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 31, 219e25 (2015).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Pelaez, V., da Silva, L. R. & Araujo, E. B. Regulation of pesticides: a comparative analysis. Sci. Public Policy 40, 644–656 (2013).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Langley-Evans, S. C., Pearce, J. & Ellis, S. Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: a narrative review. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet 35, 250–264 (2022).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rollins, N. et al. Marketing of commercial milk formula: a system to capture parents, communities, science, and policy. Lancet 401, 486–502 (2023).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Modi, N. Repeating the errors of the past: the hazards of a commercial human milk industry. Pediatr. Res. 95, 1480–1482 (2024).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Prouse, C. Mining liquid gold: the lively, contested terrain of human milk valuations. Environ. Plan A 53, 958–976 (2021).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Newman, S. & Nahman, M. Nurture commodified? An investigation into commercial human milk supply chains. Rev. Int. Political Econ. 29, 1967–1986 (2022).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Kapoor, M. et al. Missing female patients: an observational analysis of sex ratio among outpatients in a referral tertiary care public hospital in India. BMJ Open 9, e026850 (2019).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hoxha, I. et al. Caesarean sections and private insurance: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 7, e016600 (2017).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • The Lancet. The fertility industry: profiting from vulnerability. Lancet. 404, 215 (2024).

  • Chang, H. Y., Hwu, W. L., Chen, C. H., Hou, C. Y. & Cheng, W. Children conceived by assisted reproductive technology prone to low birth weight, preterm birth, and birth defects: a cohort review of more than 50,000 live births during 2011–2017 in Taiwan. Front. Pediatr. 8, 87 (2020).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zenone, M., Kenworthy, N. & Maani, N. The social media industry as a commercial determinant of health. Int. J. Health Policy Manag. 12, 6840 (2023).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Birkun, A., Dyulicheva, Y. & Chuksina, E. Laypeople do turn online to seek an advice on first aid in a health emergency: an insight into the help-seeking behaviour through the lens of the Youtube social media platform. Intern Emerg Med. 19, 875–877 (2024).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nah, S. et al. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Cameroon: the role of medical mistrust and social media use. J. Health Commun. 28, 619–632 (2023).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wilson, S. L. & Wiysonge, C. Social media and vaccine hesitancy. BMJ Glob. Health 10, e004206 (2020).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Adepoju, P. Moderna stalls on African vaccine manufacturing plans. Lancet 403, 1617 (2024).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • McCarthy, S., Pitt, H., Hennessy, M., Njiro, B. J. & Thomas, S. Women and the commercial determinants of health. Health Promotion Int. 38, daad076 (2023).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Zeng, D. Z. The past, present, and future of special economic zones and their impact. J. Int. Econ. Law 24, 259–275 (2021).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Brook, A. et al. What is the relationship between changes in the size of economies and mortality derived population health measures in high income countries: a causal systematic review. Soc. Sci. Med. 6, 117190 (2024).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Hanson, M., Modi, N. & Allin, P. Revising economic measures of economic activity to reflect human and environmental health. Bull. World Health Organization 102, 357 (2024).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Greenhalgh, S. Soda science: making the world safe for Coca-Cola (University of Chicago Press, 2024).

  • Friel, S. et al. Commercial determinants of health: future directions. Lancet. 401, 1229–1140 (2023).

  • Maani, N., Petticrew, M. & Galea, S. The commercial determinants of health (Oxford University Press, 2023).

  • Fooks, G., Gilmore, A., Collin, J., Holden, C. & Lee, K. The limits of corporate social responsibility: techniques of neutralization, stakeholder management and political CSR. J. Bus Ethics 112, 283–299 (2013).

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Legg, T., Hatchard, J. & Gilmore, A. B. The science for profit model: how and why corporations influence science and the use of science in policy and practice. PLoS ONE16, e0253272 (2021).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hotez, P. J. et al. COVID-19 vaccines and the pandemic: lessons learnt for other neglected diseases and future threats. BMJ Glob. Health 8, e011883 (2023).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Borghi, J. et al. Climate and health: a path to strategic co-financing?. Health Policy Plan. 39, 14–18 (2024).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Woods-Townsend, K. et al. A cluster-randomised controlled trial of the LifeLab education intervention to improve health literacy in adolescents. PLoS ONE16, e0250545.23 (2021).


    Google Scholar