• The US ISM Manufacturing PMI is expected to improve to 49 in August, still indicating contraction in the sector.
  • Investors will pay attention to the ISM Prices index and the Employment index.
  • EUR/USD keeps grinding north, with caution ahead of first-tier releases.

The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) is scheduled to release the August Manufacturing Purchasing Index this Tuesday. The index is a trusted measure of the health of the United States (US) manufacturing sector, closely followed by market players.

The index, based on a survey of companies around the US, revolves around the 50 threshold. A reading above the level indicates an expanding manufacturing sector, while a reading below it indicates contraction.

The ISM Manufacturing PMI is forecast at 49 in August, slightly better than the 48 posted in July.

What to expect from the ISM manufacturing PMI report?

The July ISM report showed that economic activity in the manufacturing sector contracted for the fifth consecutive month, following a two-month expansion preceded by 26 straight months of contraction.

The same report showed that New Orders contracted for the sixth consecutive month, printing at 47.1. The Price Index, which provides clues on inflationary pressures, registered 64.8, down from the 69.7 posted in June, yet still indicating manufacturers pay higher prices. Additionally, the Employment Index registered 43.4, down from June’s figure of 45, while the Production Index printed at 51.4, higher than the 50.3 posted in June.

Overall, manufacturing activity suffered a significant setback in the aftermath of the Coronavirus pandemic and has remained the lagging sector. Services output, on the contrary, has remained resilient. The August ISM Services PMI will be released on Thursday.

Market participants will pay close attention to the employment-related sub-index ahead of the Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) report, scheduled for release on Friday. The labor market is likely to be at the top of investors’ priorities this week, given its influence on the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) monetary policy decisions.

The headline figure will also be relevant and trigger the initial market reaction. A better-than-anticipated outcome, with a reading above the 50 threshold, should boost demand for the USD, as it would both signal economic progress and diminish the odds of upcoming interest rate cuts. The opposite scenario is also valid, with a discouraging result putting pressure on the Greenback and boosting bets for a September rate cut. Still, the report is unlikely to trigger fireworks across the FX board.

When will the ISM Manufacturing PMI report be released and how could it affect EUR/USD?

The ISM Manufacturing PMI report is scheduled for release at 14:00 GMT on Tuesday. Ahead of the data release, the EUR/USD pair trades comfortably above the 1.1700 mark, with a modest bullish bias. Caution keeps major pairs trading within limited intraday ranges, albeit broad USD weakness helps EUR/USD grind north.

Valeria Bednarik, FXStreet Chief Analyst, notes: “The EUR/USD pair seems poised to retest its 2025 high at 1.1830 in the upcoming days. Despite the limited momentum, technical readings clearly indicate that bulls hold the grip. The August peak at 1.1742 comes as immediate resistance, en route to the mentioned yearly high. Support, on the contrary, is located at the EUR/USD comfort zone around 1.1650, followed by the 1.1590 price zone.”

Bednarik warns: “With the week starting with a US holiday and ending with the NFP release, EUR/USD could see some choppy price action and lack directional definitions. Yet, as the Fed’s September announcement looms, nervous betting on whether the central bank may or may not act this time could result in some wild intraday spikes heading nowhere.”

Fed FAQs

Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money.
When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.

The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions.
The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.

In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.

Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.

Economic Indicator

ISM Manufacturing Employment Index

The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) Manufacturing Index shows business conditions in the US manufacturing sector, taking into account expectations for future production, new orders, inventories, employment and deliveries. It is a significant indicator of the overall economic condition in US. The ISM Manufacturing Employment Index represents business sentiment regarding labor market conditions and is considered a strong Non-Farm Payrolls leading indicator. A high reading is seen as positive for the USD, while a low reading is seen as negative.

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