• Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Paula Saffie-Awad & Artur F. Schumacher Schuh

  • Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento (CETRAM), Santiago, Chile

    Paula Saffie-Awad & Pedro Chana

  • Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile

    Paula Saffie-Awad

  • Centre for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias. National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Spencer M. Grant, Peter Wild Crea, Kristin S. Levine, Dan Vitale, Mathew J. Koretsky, Jeffrey Kim, Mike A. Nalls, Cornelis Blauwendraat, Andrew Singleton, Hampton Leonard, Yeajin Song & Sara Bandres-Ciga

  • Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Mary B. Makarious, Jeffrey Kim, Mike A. Nalls, Cornelis Blauwendraat, Andrew Singleton, Hampton Leonard, Dena Hernandez, Faraz Faghri & Laurel Screven

  • Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Mary B. Makarious & Mie Rizig

  • Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wadmadani, Sudan

    Inas Elsayed

  • Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

    Arinola O. Sanyaolu & Hirotaka Iwaki

  • Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Artur F. Schumacher Schuh & Carlos Rieder

  • Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Artur F. Schumacher Schuh

  • DataTecnica LLC, Washington, DC, USA

    Kristin S. Levine, Dan Vitale, Mike A. Nalls & Hampton Leonard

  • Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Thiago Peixoto Leal & Ignacio F. Mata

  • Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain

    María Teresa Periñán

  • Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain

    María Teresa Periñán

  • Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    María Teresa Periñán, Sumit Dey, Alastair J. Noyce & Mie Rizig

  • Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain

    Armando Reyes-Palomares

  • Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain

    Noela Rodriguez-Losada

  • Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Jia Nee Foo

  • Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore

    Jia Nee Foo

  • Neuroscience Unit, Clinical Pharmacology Dept, Menoufia Medical School, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt

    Wael Mohamed

  • 23andMe Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA

    Karl Heilbron, Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Stella Aslibekyan, Adam Auton, Elizabeth Babalola, Robert K. Bell, Jessica Bielenberg, Katarzyna Bryc, Emily Bullis, Paul Cannon, Daniella Coker, Gabriel Cuellar Partida, Devika Dhamija, Sayantan Das, Sarah L. Elson, Nicholas Eriksson, Teresa Filshtein, Alison Fitch, Kipper Fletez-Brant, Pierre Fontanillas, Will Freyman, Julie M. Granka, Alejandro Hernandez, Barry Hicks, David A. Hinds, Ethan M. Jewett, Yunxuan Jiang, Katelyn Kukar, Alan Kwong, Keng-Han Lin, Bianca A. Llamas, Maya Lowe, Jey C. McCreight, Matthew H. McIntyre, Steven J. Micheletti, Meghan E. Moreno, Priyanka Nandakumar, Dominique T. Nguyen, Elizabeth S. Noblin, Jared O’Connell, Aaron A. Petrakovitz, G. David Poznik, Alexandra Reynoso, Madeleine Schloetter, Morgan Schumacher, Anjali J. Shastri, Janie F. Shelton, Jingchunzi Shi, Suyash Shringarpure, Qiaojuan Jane Su, Susana A. Tat, Christophe Toukam Tchakouté, Vinh Tran, Joyce Y. Tung, Xin Wang, Wei Wang, Catherine H. Weldon, Peter Wilton & Corinna D. Wong

  • Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

    Njideka Okubadejo

  • German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany

    Hampton Leonard

  • Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre-INEBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Emilia M. Gatto

  • Hospital JM Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Marcelo Kauffman

  • Somnus Neurology Clinic, Yerevan, Armenia

    Samson Khachatryan & Zaruhi Tavadyan

  • Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Claire E. Shepherd

  • ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia

    Julie Hunter

  • Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia

    Kishore Kumar

  • Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia

    Melina Ellis

  • QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia

    Miguel E. Rentería

  • Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia

    Sulev Koks

  • Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Alexander Zimprich

  • Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul / Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Carlos Rieder

  • University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Vitor Tumas

  • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Sarah Camargos

  • McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Edward A. Fon & Ted Fon

  • Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Oury Monchi

  • Fundación Diagnosis, Santiago, Chile

    Benjamin Pizarro Galleguillos & Patricio Olguin

  • Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Marcelo Miranda

  • CETRAM, Santiago, Chile

    Maria Leonor Bustamante

  • Central South University, Changsha, China

    Beisha Tang

  • West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Huifang Shang

  • Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

    Jifeng Guo

  • Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Piu Chan

  • Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Wei Luo

  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

    Gonzalo Arboleda

  • Fundación Valle del Lili, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

    Jorge Orozco

  • University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

    Marlene Jimenez del Rio

  • University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

    Alvaro Hernandez

  • The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed Salama

  • Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt

    Walaa A. Kamel

  • Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Yared Z. Zewde

  • Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France

    Alexis Brice

  • Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

    Jean-Christophe Corvol

  • University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Ana Westenberger, Christine Klein, Eva-Juliane Vollstedt, Harutyun Madoev, Joanne Trinh, Johanna Junker & Katja Lohmann

  • Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany

    Anastasia Illarionova

  • University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Brit Mollenhauer

  • University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

    Franziska Hopfner

  • Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Günter Höglinger

  • University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany

    Lara M. Lange

  • University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Manu Sharma & Thomas Gasser

  • The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany

    Sergio Groppa

  • University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

    Zih-Hua Fang

  • University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece

    Albert Akpalu, Georgia Xiromerisiou, Georgios Hadjigeorgiou & Efthymios Dardiotis

  • Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Ioannis Dagklis

  • Ionian University, Corfu, Greece

    Ioannis Tarnanas

  • Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Leonidas Stefanis

  • Diagnostic and Therapeutic Centre HYGEIA Hospital, Marousi, Greece

    Maria Stamelou

  • Hospital San Felipe, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

    Alex Medina

  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong

    Germaine Hiu-Fai Chan & Nelson Yuk-Fai Cheung

  • The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong

    Nancy Ip, Phillip Chan & Xiaopu Zhou

  • Aster Medcity, Kochi, India

    Asha Kishore

  • Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India

    K. P. Divya

  • National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India

    Pramod Pal

  • Manipal Hospital, Delhi, India

    Prashanth Lingappa Kukkle

  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India

    Roopa Rajan

  • Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India

    Rupam Borgohain

  • Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehri Salari

  • Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy

    Andrea Quattrone

  • University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Enza Maria Valente & Micol Avenali

  • University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Lucilla Parnetti

  • University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Tommaso Schirinzi

  • Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan

    Manabu Funayama

  • Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Nobutaka Hattori

  • Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Tomotaka Shiraishi

  • Institute of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Altynay Karimova & Gulnaz Kaishibayeva

  • Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

    Cholpon Shambetova

  • Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg

    Rejko Krüger

  • University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Ai Huey Tan, Azlina Ahmad-Annuar, Shen-Yang Lim & Yi Wen Tay

  • Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohamed Ibrahim Norlinah

  • UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohamed Ibrahim Norlinah

  • Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohamed Ibrahim Norlinah & Shahrul Azmin

  • Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico

    Nor Azian Abdul Murad

  • Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico

    Daniel Martinez-Ramirez

  • Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Mayela Rodriguez-Violante

  • Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

    Paula Reyes-Pérez

  • Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal

    Bayasgalan Tserensodnom

  • University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Rajeev Ojha

  • University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Tim J. Anderson & Toni L. Pitcher

  • College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

    Oluwadamilola Ojo

  • Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Jan O. Aasly

  • Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    Lasse Pihlstrøm & Manuela Tan

  • University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Shoaib Ur-Rehman

  • Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru

    Mario Cornejo-Olivas

  • Metropolitan Medical Center, Manila, Philippines

    Maria Leila Doquenia & Raymond Rosales

  • University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico

    Angel Vinuela

  • Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia

    Elena Iakovenko

  • King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Bashayer Al Mubarak

  • King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Muhammad Umair

  • National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore

    Eng-King Tan

  • University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

    Ferzana Amod

  • University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    Jonathan Carr

  • Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    Soraya Bardien

  • Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea

    Beomseok Jeon

  • Yongin Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea

    Yun Joong Kim

  • Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain

    Esther Cubo

  • University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

    Ignacio Alvarez

  • Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain

    Janet Hoenicka

  • Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain

    Katrin Beyer

  • University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain

    Pau Pastor

  • Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

    Sarah El-Sadig

  • Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Christiane Zweier & Paul Krack

  • National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan

    Chin-Hsien Lin & Ruey-Meei Wu

  • Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan

    Hsiu-Chuan Wu & Yih-Ru Wu

  • National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan

    Pin-Jui Kung

  • Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan

    Serena Wu

  • National Institute Mongi Ben Hamida of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia

    Rim Amouri

  • Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia

    Samia Ben Sassi

  • Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey

    A. Nazl Başak, Özgür Öztop Çakmak & Sibel Ertan

  • Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gencer Genc

  • University College London, London, UK

    Alejandro Martínez-Carrasco, Anette Schrag, Anthony Schapira, Eleanor J. Stafford, Henry Houlden, Huw R. Morris, John Hardy, Nicholas Wood, Olaitan Okunoye, Rauan Kaiyrzhanov, Rimona Weil, Simona Jasaitye & Vida Obese

  • University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

    Camille Carroll

  • Parkinson’s UK, London, UK

    Claire Bale

  • University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Donald Grosset

  • Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Kin Y. Mok

  • Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    Nigel Williams

  • Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK

    Patrick A. Lewis

  • University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Seth Love

  • Cure Parkinson’s Trust, London, UK

    Simon Stott

  • University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Alberto Espay & Luca Marsili

  • The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, New York, NY, USA

    Alyssa O’Grady, Bernadette Siddiqi, Bradford Casey, Brian Fiske, Charisse Comart, Justin C. Solle, Kaileigh Murphy, Maggie Kuhl, Naomi Louie, Sohini Chowdhury & Todd Sherer

  • Augusta University / University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, USA

    Andrew K. Sobering

  • Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, MD, USA

    Cabell Jonas

  • Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Carlos Cruchaga

  • National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Caroline B. Pantazis

  • Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Claire Wegel

  • Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Deborah Hall

  • Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA

    Ejaz Shamim & Jared Williamson

  • Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s, Washington, DC, USA

    Ekemini Riley & Sonya Dumanis

  • Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA

    Geidy E. Serrano & Thomas Beach

  • Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Honglei Chen

  • Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ignacio Juan Keller Sarmiento, Niccolò E. Mencacci & Steven Lubbe

  • Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Joseph Jankovic & Miguel Inca-Martinez

  • Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Joshua Shulman

  • University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Karen Nuytemans

  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Karl Kieburtz

  • NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA

    Katerina Markopoulou

  • Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, USA

    Kenneth Marek

  • University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Lana M. Chahine

  • University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Lauren Ruffrage & Marissa Dean

  • University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Lisa Shulman

  • University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Roger Albin

  • Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Roy Alcalay

  • James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA

    Ruth Walker

  • University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Tao Xie

  • Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Tatiana Foroud

  • Hue University, Huế, Vietnam

    Duan Nguyen & Toan Nguyen

  • University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

    Masharip Atadzhanov

    • S.B.C., S.M.G., M.B.M., and H.L. contributed to the conception and design of the study. P.S.A., S.M.G., I.E., A.O.S., S.B.C., M.B.M., H.L., M.A.N., K.H., M.J.K., K.S.L., D.V., J.K., T.P.L., M.T.P., S.D., A.N., A.R.P., N.R.L., J.N.F., W.M., L.N.K., M.R., N.O., C.B., A.S., and I.F.M. contributed to the acquisition and analysis of the data. P.S.A., S.M.G., I.E., A.O.S., S.M.G., S.B.C., M.B.M., H.L., P.W.C., A.F.S.S., and I.F.M. contributed to drafting the text and/or preparing the figures. All the authors contributed to editing and critically reviewing the manuscript.