Question: “Ten years ago, my Social Security benefits were cut to the barest minimum, for no reason, immediately after my retirement. What can I do to get help restoring my benefits? I’m not sure where to begin or who to lean on.”
Answer: This is a tough position to be in, and you need to ask yourself: Is it possible there’s more to the story as to why your benefit was cut? “The most important thing to understand is that the Social Security Administration does not reduce benefits arbitrarily,” says Kevin Chancellor, financial adviser and certified Social Security claiming strategist at Black Lab Financial Services. “There is always an established rule guiding the change in benefit, even if that rule was not clearly explained at the time benefits were claimed. The good news is that many situations can be reviewed and in some cases, corrected if a genuine mistake occurred.”
Having a professional on your side can certainly help you avoid financial mishaps such as this — be it a Social Security-savvy financial adviser, elder law attorney or Social Security advocacy group. (You can find advisers through Garrett Planning Network, CFP Board and through this free tool that matches you to fiduciary advisers, from our ad partner SmartAsset.)
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But first, it’s imperative to understand why this reduction occurred to begin with. “That process begins by contacting Social Security and requesting a detailed, written explanation of how the reduced benefit was calculated, not just the current payment amount. While this can be done by phone, in many cases it may be more effective to schedule an appointment at your local office,” says Chancellor.
You must also obtain your full benefit record and any notices related to the reduction, says Steve Sexton, CEO of Sexton Advisory Group. “If the reduction was due to an error or incomplete information, you have the right to file an appeal or request reconsideration, even years later in some cases, particularly if proper notice wasn’t given. Documentation is critical here, so gathering past SSA letters, tax returns and earnings records will help support your case,” says Sexton.
A benefit reduction almost always traces back to a specific rule, adjustment or administrative issue, says Chancellor. “If someone starts their Social Security before reaching full retirement age, their benefit is permanently reduced. This reduction is an actuarial adjustment designed to account for receiving payments over a longer period of time, not a temporary penalty. I often see people assume the benefit will increase later but it does not,” says Chancellor.
Another reason people might experience reduced payments is the Windfall Elimination Provision. “This can reduce a worker’s own Social Security benefit, often becoming apparent at retirement if they also begin receiving a pension from a job where Social Security taxes were not paid. A common, real-world example is someone who worked in the private sector for many years paying into Social Security, then later worked in a government job covered by a state pension where Social Security taxes were not withheld. When that pension begins, Social Security recalculates the benefit under WEP, often resulting in a reduction,” says Chancellor.
A reduction could also occur due to Government Pension Offsets, which have now been repealed, says certified financial planner Kevin Thompson at 9i Capital Group. “This could also have occurred due to owing years of taxes or defaulted student loans. I would definitely look into reaching out to the Social Security Administration directly to ask why this occurred,” says Thompson.
Start directly with the SSA before looking into additional resources. “Don’t assume the reduction is permanent or unfixable. Social Security is complex and mistakes do happen. With the right support and persistence, many retirees are able to clarify their situation, and in some cases, restore benefits or receive back payments,” says Sexton.
There’s no need to navigate this alone, especially if it feels overwhelming. “A Social Security-savvy financial adviser, elder law attorney or Social Security advocacy group can help you understand whether your benefits were calculated correctly and guide you through the appeal or correction process,” says Sexton. (You can find advisers through Garrett Planning Network, CFP Board and through this free tool that matches you to fiduciary advisers, from our ad partner SmartAsset.)
Have an issue with your financial planner or looking for a new one? Email questions or concerns to picks@marketwatch.com.
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