“Eat your greens” isn’t just an expression: Dark leafy greens are some of the most nutrient-dense foods you can eat, yet most Americans aren’t eating enough of them.
“If a food contains a large amount of nutrients relative to the calories it contains, it’s considered nutrient-dense,” explains Frances Largeman-Roth, RDN.
While you might be wondering which green is best to eat, they’re all pretty good for you, and eating a mix is a good idea. “Variety in greens gives you variety in nutrients as well as texture, flavor, and cooking times,” says Maggie Moon, MS, RD. “The darker the green, the more nutrient-dense it’ll be,” she adds.
If you enjoy or crave lighter lettuces, by all means add them to your plate. But if maximizing nutrition is your goal, consider these dietitian-recommended greens and lettuces.
8. Romaine
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This salad bar staple offers more nutrition than it gets credit for. One cup of romaine has just eight calories while delivering vitamins A, C, and E, potassium, and folate. And compared to paler lettuces like iceberg, romaine’s darker leaves provide higher levels of antioxidants that support eye health and immune function. Its signature crunch makes it ideal for sandwiches and Caesar salad, but it also holds up surprisingly well to heat. Try grilling romaine or braising it for a surprising and delightful take on the green.
7. Perilla leaves (aka kkaennip in Korean cuisine)
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Moon notes that perilla, widely used in Korean cooking, is part of the mint family and that “perilla leaves skirt the line between herb and leafy green.” She adds, “Pre-clinical research suggests bioactive compounds in perilla leaves have antioxidant properties that support healthy aging and may protect the outermost layer of skin from UVB damage.” The leaves are often used as wraps — “Their flavor and texture is a must in Korean lettuce wraps (ssam),” says Moon — but can also be added to soups and stews, pickled, marinated, or chopped up for a salad.
Storage tip
It’s a good idea to eat your greens shortly after you bring them home when they’re freshest as time can impact their levels of vitamins and minerals. But if you’re not visiting a farmstand or your garden every day, greens will still retain nutrients. Simply store your them in your crisper drawer.
6. Spinach
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There’s a reason Popeye ate his spinach when he wanted to power up to the finish. Spinach’s nutrient density score was a whopping 86 out of 100 as measured by a 2014 CDC study focusing on nutrients like iron, vitamin C, and B vitamins. Spinach can help reduce oxidative damage and inflammation and help you feel more satisfied after a meal thanks to its bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. This versatile green is hearty enough for salads, tender enough for green smoothies, and works raw or cooked — try it in classic Chicken Florentine or Saag Paneer.
5. Pea leaves
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Also known as pea shoots, pea tendrils, and pea tips, these tender edible tops of the pea plant are both versatile and packed with nutrition. “A two-cup serving of raw pea leaves is a good source of antioxidant vitamin C and adds a modest amount of protein to a meal, which is more than most greens,” says Moon. Pea leaves are a springtime favorite, as they signal the return of fresh greens after a winter of hearty root vegetables. Show off their mild, fresh pea flavor by using them in salads or sautéing them with garlic, as Moon recommends. You can also enjoy them with peas for an herby side dish or whip them into pesto.
4. Collard greens
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This Southern staple delivers loads of nutrition. Collard greens ranked high in the 2014 CDC study of nutrient density, scoring 62 out of 100, and one cup of raw collard greens delivers fiber, folate, calcium, and vitamins C and K. Eating leafy greens like collards can also help keep your brain sharp. Research shows that just one serving per day can be beneficial for slowing down cognitive decline. Serve collards with black-eyed peas to nod to their Southern roots or add them to ramen.
Cooking tip
Boiling your greens causes them to lose some nutrients, because the water-soluble nutrients go directly into your cooking water. “That’s why [greens] add so many nutrients to soups and stews,” says Largeman-Roth. “You can saute, braise, and stir-fry them to retain maximum nutrients.” Moon notes, however, that even boiled greens offer impressive benefits.
3. Kale
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It’s been over 10 years since Beyoncé wore a kale sweatshirt and the green starred on almost every restaurant menu. While we might be past the heyday of kale, this green still deserves some love on your plate. “Kale is packed with beta-carotene and sight-saving lutein and zeaxanthin,” says Largeman-Roth. “[It] is also one of the richest sources of vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting.” Research finds that kale contains antioxidants and bioactive compounds that exhibit anticancer effects and help your body fight inflammation. Bring out its pleasantly bitter flavor by sautéing it with garlic and olive oil or adding it to soup or pasta.
2. Arugula
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This dark, peppery green is a nutrient powerhouse. Moon notes that arugula is a cruciferous vegetable, a group associated with reduced risk of certain cancers and premature death. At just five calories per cup, it also contains vitamins A, C, and K along with folate and iron, per the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Largeman-Roth loves its mustardy bite in salads or as a bed of greens under salmon or scallops. It also shines in a frittata.
1. Watercress
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This leafy, peppery green got a perfect 100 nutrient density score in the 2014 CDC study. It contains about four calories per cup and is rich in vitamin K, which helps prevent blood clotting and supports bone health, and vitamin C, which is linked to better immune function. Other research has tied watercress to reduced inflammation and blood glucose as well as improved cholesterol and heart health. Make watercress the base of your next salad or blend it into a soup.