Up to 45 percent of dementia cases could potentially be prevented or delayed by addressing risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity, according to newly updated guidance from the World Health Organization.
Other risk factors include social isolation, high blood pressure and air pollution.
The new health guidance marks the first major update since 2019, and there are several new evidence-based strategies that could reduce cognitive decline and dementia risk throughout life.
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“We know more today than ever before about what drives dementia risk, and these guidelines translate that knowledge into action,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General in a statement. “Countries now have clear, evidence-based recommendations they can put into practice immediately to protect people’s cognitive health.”
Why It Matters
More than 57 million people worldwide are living with dementia, and nearly 10 million new cases are diagnosed every year. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for an estimated 60 to 70 percent of all dementia cases.
But unlike many diseases, dementia still has no cure and there are not many accessible treatments once symptoms begin. As a result, prevention has become increasingly important.
What To Know
There were several new WHO recommendations to decrease your chances of developing dementia. This included reducing your exposure to air pollution, as there’s growing evidence linking polluted air to cognitive decline and dementia risk.
“The biggest change is that WHO is starting to frame dementia as something that can be prevented instead of something families inevitably have to prepare for,” Faris Flournoy, the CEO of Flournoy Health Systems, told Newsweek. “These guidelines mark one of the first times the WHO has provided clear recommendations for reducing dementia risk, giving families hope and making healthy aging more accessible.”
WHO also put a greater emphasis on cognitive training, recommending specific cognitive stimulation and activities to challenge the brain.
This applies to adults with normal cognition as well as those with mild cognitive impairment.
“The biggest change is recognizing dementia prevention as a lifelong issue, not something that begins in old age,” Fawad Mian, a board-certified doctor in neurology, clinical neurophysiology and the founder at Ascend Regenerative, told Newsweek.
Social engagement was also included as a major way to combat cognitive decline, with participation in social activities listed as a protective factor against dementia.
What is Still True About Preventing Dementia?
WHO continues to recommend the following:
- Regular physical activity
- Stopping tobacco use
- Reducing alcohol consumption
- Eating a healthy diet
- Managing high blood pressure
- Controlling diabetes
- Addressing high cholesterol
- Keeping track of your hearing health and the use of hearing aids when appropriate
What WHO Specifically Says Not to Do
In its new guidance, WHO said there was insufficient evidence to support taking certain supplements solely to prevent dementia.
The agency advises against routinely using Vitamin B supplements, Vitamin E supplements, Omega-3 supplements and multivitamins unless a deficiency has been identified.
The Most Important ChangesAir Pollution Is Now Officially a Dementia Risk Factor
This is arguably the biggest addition to WHO’s 2026 guidance.
While previous prevention efforts focused largely on lifestyle and cardiovascular health, WHO now says exposure to polluted air should be viewed as part of dementia-risk reduction.
For the everyday person, that means keeping aware of any air-quality alerts and limiting exposure to heavy traffic pollution.
Brain Training Gets Stronger Backing
The updated guidance also put a greater emphasis on maintaining cognitive activity through brain stimulation and learning.
Learning new skills, participating in mentally challenging activities and continuing your education could all be vital ways to mitigate your risk of dementia.
However, exercise and diet play a key role as well.
“Encouraging a family member to make simple everyday changes to their diet and adding in more movement throughout their day is much easier to do than having to rearrange your life to take care of them for a disease once thought to be unavoidable,” Flournoy said. “This doesn’t automatically mean that every case can be prevented, but it does give us more power over dementia than ever before.”
Social Isolation Is Receiving More Attention
The updated guidance also reflects growing recognition that loneliness and social isolation can affect cognitive health.
WHO now explicitly recommends social engagement as part of dementia-risk reduction efforts. Volunteering, community participation and regular interaction with friends and family may help protect cognitive function as people age.
Prevention Is Increasingly Focused on Heart Health
Many of the strongest dementia-risk factors overlap with conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels.
WHO continues to emphasize blood-pressure control, diabetes and cholesterol management as well as exercise and a healthy diet.
Generally, what’s good for cardiovascular health is often good for brain health as well, experts say.
“I usually have a simple message for patients: What protects the heart generally protects the brain,” Mian said. “Exercise regularly, don’t smoke, minimize or avoid alcohol, control your metabolic health, stay socially engaged, address hearing loss early, and continue challenging your brain by learning new skills or taking on new activities.”
The Scale of the Dementia ProblemWhat Happens Next
WHO is urging countries to integrate dementia prevention into their public health policy.
The new health recommendations can be implemented immediately and may help reduce the global burden of dementia in the coming decades.
Contact Newsweek editors on this story: Jason Lemon and Gray R. Thomas.