{"id":142344,"date":"2025-08-13T12:18:36","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T12:18:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/142344\/"},"modified":"2025-08-13T12:18:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T12:18:36","slug":"a-society-to-cells-approach-to-evaluating-multilevel-and-interrelated-drivers-of-breast-cancer-disparities-in-black-women","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/142344\/","title":{"rendered":"A Society-to-Cells approach to evaluating multilevel and interrelated drivers of breast cancer disparities in Black women"},"content":{"rendered":"<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"1.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Miller, K. D. et al. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J. Clin. <b>69<\/b>, 363\u2013385 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31184787\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cancer%20treatment%20and%20survivorship%20statistics%2C%202019&amp;journal=CA%20Cancer%20J.%20Clin.&amp;volume=69&amp;pages=363-385&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Miller%2CKD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"2.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">DeSantis, C. E., Miller, K. D., Sauer, A. G., Jemal, A. &amp; Siegel, R. L. Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2019. CA Cancer J. Clin. <b>69<\/b>, 211\u2013233 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30762872\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cancer%20statistics%20for%20African%20Americans%2C%202019&amp;journal=CA%20Cancer%20J.%20Clin.&amp;volume=69&amp;pages=211-233&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=DeSantis%2CCE&amp;author=Miller%2CKD&amp;author=Sauer%2CAG&amp;author=Jemal%2CA&amp;author=Siegel%2CRL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"3.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">DeSantis, C. E. et al. Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2016: progress and opportunities in reducing racial disparities. CA Cancer J. Clin. <b>66<\/b>, 290\u2013308 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26910411\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cancer%20statistics%20for%20African%20Americans%2C%202016%3A%20progress%20and%20opportunities%20in%20reducing%20racial%20disparities&amp;journal=CA%20Cancer%20J.%20Clin.&amp;volume=66&amp;pages=290-308&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=DeSantis%2CCE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"4.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">DeSantis, C. E. et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J. Clin. <b>69<\/b>, 438\u2013451 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31577379\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Breast%20cancer%20statistics%2C%202019&amp;journal=CA%20Cancer%20J.%20Clin.&amp;volume=69&amp;pages=438-451&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=DeSantis%2CCE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"5.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Giaquinto, A. N. et al. Breast cancer statistics 2024. CA Cancer J. Clin. <b>74<\/b>, 477\u2013495 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=39352042\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Breast%20cancer%20statistics%202024&amp;journal=CA%20Cancer%20J.%20Clin.&amp;volume=74&amp;pages=477-495&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Giaquinto%2CAN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"6.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Saka, A. H. et al. Cancer statistics for African American and Black people, 2025. CA Cancer J. Clin. <b>75<\/b>, 111\u2013140 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=39976243\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11929131\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cancer%20statistics%20for%20African%20American%20and%20Black%20people%2C%202025&amp;journal=CA%20Cancer%20J.%20Clin.&amp;volume=75&amp;pages=111-140&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Saka%2CAH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"7.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Vick, A. D. &amp; Burris, H. H. Epigenetics and health disparities. Curr. Epidemiol. Rep. <b>4<\/b>, 31\u201337 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28255530\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5327425\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Epigenetics%20and%20health%20disparities&amp;journal=Curr.%20Epidemiol.%20Rep.&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=31-37&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Vick%2CAD&amp;author=Burris%2CHH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"8.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Dunn, B. K., Agurs-Collins, T., Browne, D., Lubet, R. &amp; Johnson, K. A. Health disparities in breast cancer: biology meets socioeconomic status. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. <b>121<\/b>, 281\u2013292 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20437200\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Health%20disparities%20in%20breast%20cancer%3A%20biology%20meets%20socioeconomic%20status&amp;journal=Breast%20Cancer%20Res.%20Treat.&amp;volume=121&amp;pages=281-292&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Dunn%2CBK&amp;author=Agurs-Collins%2CT&amp;author=Browne%2CD&amp;author=Lubet%2CR&amp;author=Johnson%2CKA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"9.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Shoemaker, M. L., White, M. C., Wu, M., Weir, H. K. &amp; Romieu, I. Differences in breast cancer incidence among young women aged 20-49 years by stage and tumor characteristics, age, race, and ethnicity, 2004-2013. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. <b>169<\/b>, 595\u2013606 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29445940\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5955792\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Differences%20in%20breast%20cancer%20incidence%20among%20young%20women%20aged%2020-49%20years%20by%20stage%20and%20tumor%20characteristics%2C%20age%2C%20race%2C%20and%20ethnicity%2C%202004-2013&amp;journal=Breast%20Cancer%20Res.%20Treat.&amp;volume=169&amp;pages=595-606&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Shoemaker%2CML&amp;author=White%2CMC&amp;author=Wu%2CM&amp;author=Weir%2CHK&amp;author=Romieu%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"10.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Dietze, E. C., Sistrunk, C., Miranda-Carboni, G., O\u2019Regan, R. &amp; Seewaldt, V. L. Triple-negative breast cancer in African-American women: disparities versus biology. Nat. Rev. Cancer <b>15<\/b>, 248\u2013254 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXisFCgu7c%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25673085\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5470637\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Triple-negative%20breast%20cancer%20in%20African-American%20women%3A%20disparities%20versus%20biology&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Cancer&amp;volume=15&amp;pages=248-254&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Dietze%2CEC&amp;author=Sistrunk%2CC&amp;author=Miranda-Carboni%2CG&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Regan%2CR&amp;author=Seewaldt%2CVL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"11.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Daly, B. &amp; Olopade, O. I. A perfect storm: how tumor biology, genomics, and health care delivery patterns collide to create a racial survival disparity in breast cancer and proposed interventions for change. CA Cancer J. Clin. <b>65<\/b>, 221\u2013238 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25960198\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20perfect%20storm%3A%20how%20tumor%20biology%2C%20genomics%2C%20and%20health%20care%20delivery%20patterns%20collide%20to%20create%20a%20racial%20survival%20disparity%20in%20breast%20cancer%20and%20proposed%20interventions%20for%20change&amp;journal=CA%20Cancer%20J.%20Clin.&amp;volume=65&amp;pages=221-238&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Daly%2CB&amp;author=Olopade%2COI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"12.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">McCall, M. K. et al. Symptom experience, management, and outcomes according to race and social determinants including genomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics (SEMOARS + GEM): an explanatory model for breast cancer treatment disparity. J. Cancer Educ. <b>35<\/b>, 428\u2013440 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31392599\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Symptom%20experience%2C%20management%2C%20and%20outcomes%20according%20to%20race%20and%20social%20determinants%20including%20genomics%2C%20epigenomics%2C%20and%20metabolomics%20%28SEMOARS%20%2B%20GEM%29%3A%20an%20explanatory%20model%20for%20breast%20cancer%20treatment%20disparity&amp;journal=J.%20Cancer%20Educ.&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=428-440&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=McCall%2CMK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"13.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Wieder, R., Shafiq, B. &amp; Adam, N. African American Race is an independent risk factor in survival from initially diagnosed localized breast cancer. J. Cancer <b>7<\/b>, 1587\u20131598 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27698895\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5039379\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=African%20American%20Race%20is%20an%20independent%20risk%20factor%20in%20survival%20from%20initially%20diagnosed%20localized%20breast%20cancer&amp;journal=J.%20Cancer&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=1587-1598&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Wieder%2CR&amp;author=Shafiq%2CB&amp;author=Adam%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"14.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Keegan, T. H. M. et al. Racial\/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in short-term breast cancer survival among women in an integrated health system. Am. J. Public Health <b>105<\/b>, 938\u2013946 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25790426\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4386534\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%2Fethnic%20and%20socioeconomic%20differences%20in%20short-term%20breast%20cancer%20survival%20among%20women%20in%20an%20integrated%20health%20system&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Public%20Health&amp;volume=105&amp;pages=938-946&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Keegan%2CTHM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"15.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Newman, L. A. et al. Meta-analysis of survival in African American and white American patients with breast cancer: ethnicity compared with socioeconomic status. J. Clin. Oncol. <b>24<\/b>, 1342\u20131349 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=16549828\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Meta-analysis%20of%20survival%20in%20African%20American%20and%20white%20American%20patients%20with%20breast%20cancer%3A%20ethnicity%20compared%20with%20socioeconomic%20status&amp;journal=J.%20Clin.%20Oncol.&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=1342-1349&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Newman%2CLA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"16.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Williams, D. R., Mohammed, S. A. &amp; Shields, A. E. Understanding and effectively addressing breast cancer in African American women: unpacking the social context. Cancer <b>122<\/b>, 2138\u20132149 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26930024\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Understanding%20and%20effectively%20addressing%20breast%20cancer%20in%20African%20American%20women%3A%20unpacking%20the%20social%20context&amp;journal=Cancer&amp;volume=122&amp;pages=2138-2149&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Williams%2CDR&amp;author=Mohammed%2CSA&amp;author=Shields%2CAE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"17.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Bailey, Z. D. et al. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet <b>389<\/b>, 1453\u20131463 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28402827\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Structural%20racism%20and%20health%20inequities%20in%20the%20USA%3A%20evidence%20and%20interventions&amp;journal=Lancet&amp;volume=389&amp;pages=1453-1463&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Bailey%2CZD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"18.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">McEwen, B. S. Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators. Eur. J. Pharmacol. <b>583<\/b>, 174\u2013185 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjs1Squ74%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18282566\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2474765\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Central%20effects%20of%20stress%20hormones%20in%20health%20and%20disease%3A%20understanding%20the%20protective%20and%20damaging%20effects%20of%20stress%20and%20stress%20mediators&amp;journal=Eur.%20J.%20Pharmacol.&amp;volume=583&amp;pages=174-185&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=McEwen%2CBS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"19.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Miller-Kleinhenz, J. M. et al. Historical redlining, persistent mortgage discrimination, and race in breast cancer outcomes. JAMA Netw. Open <b>7<\/b>, e2356879 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38376843\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10879950\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Historical%20redlining%2C%20persistent%20mortgage%20discrimination%2C%20and%20race%20in%20breast%20cancer%20outcomes&amp;journal=JAMA%20Netw.%20Open&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Miller-Kleinhenz%2CJM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"20.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Warnecke, R. B. et al. Approaching health disparities from a population perspective: the National Institutes of Health Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities. Am. J. Public Health <b>98<\/b>, 1608\u20131615 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18633099\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2509592\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Public%20Health&amp;volume=98&amp;pages=1608-1615&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Warnecke%2CRB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"21.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Sangaramoorthy, M. et al. Association between neighborhood stressors and allostatic load in breast cancer survivors: the pathways study. Am. J. Epidemiol. kwae134. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwae134\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/aje\/kwae134\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwae134<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"22.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Chen, J. C. et al. Association between neighborhood opportunity, allostatic load, and all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. <b>42<\/b>, 1788\u20131798 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BB1cvgvFCisw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38364197\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Association%20between%20neighborhood%20opportunity%2C%20allostatic%20load%2C%20and%20all-cause%20mortality%20in%20patients%20with%20breast%20cancer&amp;journal=J.%20Clin.%20Oncol.&amp;volume=42&amp;pages=1788-1798&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Chen%2CJC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"23.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Krieger, N. Discrimination and health inequities. Int. J. Health Serv. <b>44<\/b>, 643\u2013710 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25626224\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Discrimination%20and%20health%20inequities&amp;journal=Int.%20J.%20Health%20Serv.&amp;volume=44&amp;pages=643-710&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Krieger%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"24.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Berger, M. &amp; Sarnyai, Z. \u201cMore than skin deep\u201d: stress neurobiology and mental health consequences of racial discrimination. Stress <b>18<\/b>, 1\u201310 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25407297\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=%E2%80%9CMore%20than%20skin%20deep%E2%80%9D%3A%20stress%20neurobiology%20and%20mental%20health%20consequences%20of%20racial%20discrimination&amp;journal=Stress&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=1-10&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Berger%2CM&amp;author=Sarnyai%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"25.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Wang, F. et al. Allostatic load and risk of invasive breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the U.S. Prev. Med. <b>178<\/b>, 107817 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38097139\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Allostatic%20load%20and%20risk%20of%20invasive%20breast%20cancer%20among%20postmenopausal%20women%20in%20the%20U.S&amp;journal=Prev.%20Med.&amp;volume=178&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Wang%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"26.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Zhao, H., Song, R., Ye, Y., Chow, W. H. &amp; Shen, J. Allostatic score and its associations with demographics, healthy behaviors, tumor characteristics, and mitochondrial DNA among breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. <b>187<\/b>, 587\u2013596 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXls1Kmt70%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33507481\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Allostatic%20score%20and%20its%20associations%20with%20demographics%2C%20healthy%20behaviors%2C%20tumor%20characteristics%2C%20and%20mitochondrial%20DNA%20among%20breast%20cancer%20patients&amp;journal=Breast%20Cancer%20Res.%20Treat.&amp;volume=187&amp;pages=587-596&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Zhao%2CH&amp;author=Song%2CR&amp;author=Ye%2CY&amp;author=Chow%2CWH&amp;author=Shen%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"27.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Shen, J. et al. Neighborhood disadvantage and biological aging biomarkers among breast cancer patients. Sci. Rep. <b>12<\/b>, 11006 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhslegtLjI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35773311\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9246873\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Neighborhood%20disadvantage%20and%20biological%20aging%20biomarkers%20among%20breast%20cancer%20patients&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Shen%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"28.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Geronimus, A. T., Hicken, M., Keene, D. &amp; Bound, J. Weathering\u201d and age patterns of allostatic load scores among Blacks and Whites in the United States. Am. J. Public Health <b>96<\/b>, 826\u2013833 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=16380565\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1470581\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Weathering%E2%80%9D%20and%20age%20patterns%20of%20allostatic%20load%20scores%20among%20Blacks%20and%20Whites%20in%20the%20United%20States&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Public%20Health&amp;volume=96&amp;pages=826-833&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Geronimus%2CAT&amp;author=Hicken%2CM&amp;author=Keene%2CD&amp;author=Bound%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"29.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Geronimus, A. T. et al. Do US black women experience stress-related accelerated biological aging? Hum. Nat. <b>21<\/b>, 19\u201338 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20436780\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2861506\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Do%20US%20black%20women%20experience%20stress-related%20accelerated%20biological%20aging%3F&amp;journal=Hum.%20Nat.&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=19-38&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Geronimus%2CAT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"30.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Banegas, M. P. et al. For working-age cancer survivors, medical debt and bankruptcy create financial hardships. Health Aff. <b>35<\/b>, 54\u201361 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=For%20working-age%20cancer%20survivors%2C%20medical%20debt%20and%20bankruptcy%20create%20financial%20hardships&amp;journal=Health%20Aff.&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=54-61&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Banegas%2CMP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"31.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Liu, B., Lee, F. F. &amp; Boscoe, F. Residential mobility among adult cancer survivors in the United States. BMC Public Health <b>20<\/b>, 1601 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33097009\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7585207\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Residential%20mobility%20among%20adult%20cancer%20survivors%20in%20the%20United%20States&amp;journal=BMC%20Public%20Health&amp;volume=20&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Liu%2CB&amp;author=Lee%2CFF&amp;author=Boscoe%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"32.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Namin, S., Zhou, Y., McGinley, E. &amp; Beyer, K. Residential history in cancer research: utility of the annual billing ZIP code in the SEER-Medicare database and mobility among older women with breast cancer in the United States. SSM Popul. Health <b>15<\/b>, 100823 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BB2c7ltVShsQ%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34095430\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8167195\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Residential%20history%20in%20cancer%20research%3A%20utility%20of%20the%20annual%20billing%20ZIP%20code%20in%20the%20SEER-Medicare%20database%20and%20mobility%20among%20older%20women%20with%20breast%20cancer%20in%20the%20United%20States&amp;journal=SSM%20Popul.%20Health&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Namin%2CS&amp;author=Zhou%2CY&amp;author=McGinley%2CE&amp;author=Beyer%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"33.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Dawes D. The Political Determinants of Health. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56021\/9781421437903\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.56021\/9781421437903\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56021\/9781421437903<\/a> (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"34.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Hillier, A. E. Redlining and the Home Owners\u2019 Loan Corporation. J. Urban Hist. <b>29<\/b>, 394\u2013420 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Redlining%20and%20the%20Home%20Owners%E2%80%99%20Loan%20Corporation&amp;journal=J.%20Urban%20Hist.&amp;volume=29&amp;pages=394-420&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Hillier%2CAE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"35.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Greer, J. The Home Owners\u2019 Loan Corporation and the development of the residential security maps. J. Urban Hist. <b>39<\/b>, 275\u2013296 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=&amp;journal=J.%20Urban%20Hist.&amp;volume=39&amp;pages=275-296&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Greer%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"36.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Woods, L. L. The Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Redlining, and the National Proliferation of Racial Lending Discrimination, 1921\u20131950. J. Urban Hist. <b>38<\/b>, 1036\u20131059 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Federal%20Home%20Loan%20Bank%20Board%2C%20Redlining%2C%20and%20the%20National%20Proliferation%20of%20Racial%20Lending%20Discrimination%2C%201921%E2%80%931950&amp;journal=J.%20Urban%20Hist.&amp;volume=38&amp;pages=1036-1059&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Woods%2CLL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"37.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Cross, R. I., Hu\u1ef3nh, J., Bradford, N. J. &amp; Francis, B. Racialized housing discrimination and population health: a scoping review and research agenda. J. Urban Health <b>100<\/b>, 355\u2013388 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37058240\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10103672\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racialized%20housing%20discrimination%20and%20population%20health%3A%20a%20scoping%20review%20and%20research%20agenda&amp;journal=J.%20Urban%20Health&amp;volume=100&amp;pages=355-388&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Cross%2CRI&amp;author=Hu%E1%BB%B3nh%2CJ&amp;author=Bradford%2CNJ&amp;author=Francis%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"38.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Williams, D. R. &amp; Collins, C. Racial residential segregation: a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. Public Health Rep. <b>116<\/b>, 404\u2013416 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD38zgtVGgtA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12042604\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1497358\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%20residential%20segregation%3A%20a%20fundamental%20cause%20of%20racial%20disparities%20in%20health&amp;journal=Public%20Health%20Rep.&amp;volume=116&amp;pages=404-416&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Williams%2CDR&amp;author=Collins%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"39.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Krieger, N. et al. Cancer stage at diagnosis, historical redlining, and current neighborhood characteristics: breast, cervical, lung, and colorectal cancers, Massachusetts, 2001\u20132015. Am. J. Epidemiol. <b>189<\/b>, 1065\u20131075 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32219369\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7666416\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cancer%20stage%20at%20diagnosis%2C%20historical%20redlining%2C%20and%20current%20neighborhood%20characteristics%3A%20breast%2C%20cervical%2C%20lung%2C%20and%20colorectal%20cancers%2C%20Massachusetts%2C%202001%E2%80%932015&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Epidemiol.&amp;volume=189&amp;pages=1065-1075&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Krieger%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"40.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Bikomeye, J. C. et al. Historical redlining and breast cancer treatment and survival among older women in the United States. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. <b>115<\/b>, 652\u2013661 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36794919\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10248836\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Historical%20redlining%20and%20breast%20cancer%20treatment%20and%20survival%20among%20older%20women%20in%20the%20United%20States&amp;journal=J.%20Natl.%20Cancer%20Inst.&amp;volume=115&amp;pages=652-661&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Bikomeye%2CJC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"41.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Plascak, J. J. et al. Association between residence in historically redlined districts indicative of structural racism and racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer outcomes. JAMA Netw. Open <b>5<\/b>, e2220908 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35802373\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9270695\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Association%20between%20residence%20in%20historically%20redlined%20districts%20indicative%20of%20structural%20racism%20and%20racial%20and%20ethnic%20disparities%20in%20breast%20cancer%20outcomes&amp;journal=JAMA%20Netw.%20Open&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Plascak%2CJJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"42.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Landrine, H. et al. Residential segregation and racial cancer disparities: a systematic review. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-016-0326-9\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s40615-016-0326-9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-016-0326-9<\/a> (2016).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"43.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Smith, B. P. &amp; Madak-Erdogan, Z. Urban neighborhood and residential factors associated with breast cancer in African American women: a systematic review. Horm Cancer <b>9<\/b>, 71\u201381 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29417390\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10355946\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Urban%20neighborhood%20and%20residential%20factors%20associated%20with%20breast%20cancer%20in%20African%20American%20women%3A%20a%20systematic%20review&amp;journal=Horm%20Cancer&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=71-81&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Smith%2CBP&amp;author=Madak-Erdogan%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"44.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">White-Means, S. &amp; Muruako, A. GIS mapping and breast cancer health care access gaps for African American women. IJERPH <b>20<\/b>, 5455 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37107737\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10138100\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=GIS%20mapping%20and%20breast%20cancer%20health%20care%20access%20gaps%20for%20African%20American%20women&amp;journal=IJERPH&amp;volume=20&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=White-Means%2CS&amp;author=Muruako%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"45.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Russell, E. F. et al. Metropolitan area racial residential segregation, neighborhood racial composition, and breast cancer mortality. Cancer Causes Control <b>23<\/b>, 1519\u20131527 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22825071\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Metropolitan%20area%20racial%20residential%20segregation%2C%20neighborhood%20racial%20composition%2C%20and%20breast%20cancer%20mortality&amp;journal=Cancer%20Causes%20Control&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=1519-1527&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Russell%2CEF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"46.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Plascak, J. J. et al. Associations between neighborhood disinvestment and breast cancer outcomes within a populous state registry. Cancer <b>128<\/b>, 131\u2013138 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXitFGrsb3J\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34495547\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Associations%20between%20neighborhood%20disinvestment%20and%20breast%20cancer%20outcomes%20within%20a%20populous%20state%20registry&amp;journal=Cancer&amp;volume=128&amp;pages=131-138&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Plascak%2CJJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"47.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Cho, B. et al. Evaluation of racial\/ethnic differences in treatment and mortality among women with triple-negative breast cancer. JAMA Oncol. <b>7<\/b>, 1016 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33983438\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evaluation%20of%20racial%2Fethnic%20differences%20in%20treatment%20and%20mortality%20among%20women%20with%20triple-negative%20breast%20cancer&amp;journal=JAMA%20Oncol.&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Cho%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"48.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Lubarsky, M. et al. Does structural racism impact receipt of NCCN guideline-concordant breast cancer treatment? Breast Cancer Res. Treat. <b>206<\/b>, 509\u2013517 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38809304\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Does%20structural%20racism%20impact%20receipt%20of%20NCCN%20guideline-concordant%20breast%20cancer%20treatment%3F&amp;journal=Breast%20Cancer%20Res.%20Treat.&amp;volume=206&amp;pages=509-517&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Lubarsky%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"49.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Lawson, M. B. et al. Multilevel factors associated with time to biopsy after abnormal screening mammography results by race and ethnicity. JAMA Oncol. <b>8<\/b>, 1115\u20131126 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35737381\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9227677\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multilevel%20factors%20associated%20with%20time%20to%20biopsy%20after%20abnormal%20screening%20mammography%20results%20by%20race%20and%20ethnicity&amp;journal=JAMA%20Oncol.&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=1115-1126&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Lawson%2CMB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"50.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Molina, Y., Silva, A. &amp; Rauscher, G. H. Racial\/ethnic disparities in time to a breast cancer diagnosis: the mediating effects of health care facility factors. Med. Care <b>53<\/b>, 872\u2013878 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26366519\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4570266\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%2Fethnic%20disparities%20in%20time%20to%20a%20breast%20cancer%20diagnosis%3A%20the%20mediating%20effects%20of%20health%20care%20facility%20factors&amp;journal=Med.%20Care&amp;volume=53&amp;pages=872-878&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Molina%2CY&amp;author=Silva%2CA&amp;author=Rauscher%2CGH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"51.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Miller-Kleinhenz, J. M. et al. Racial disparities in diagnostic delay among women with breast cancer. J. Am. Coll. Radiol. <b>18<\/b>, 1384\u20131393 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34280379\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8492512\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%20disparities%20in%20diagnostic%20delay%20among%20women%20with%20breast%20cancer&amp;journal=J.%20Am.%20Coll.%20Radiol.&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=1384-1393&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Miller-Kleinhenz%2CJM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"52.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Emerson, M. A. et al. Breast cancer treatment delays by socioeconomic and health care access latent classes in Black and White women. Cancer <b>126<\/b>, 4957\u20134966 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32954493\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Breast%20cancer%20treatment%20delays%20by%20socioeconomic%20and%20health%20care%20access%20latent%20classes%20in%20Black%20and%20White%20women&amp;journal=Cancer&amp;volume=126&amp;pages=4957-4966&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Emerson%2CMA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"53.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Hu, X. et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw. Open <b>5<\/b>, e2225485 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35947386\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9366541\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%20differences%20in%20patient-reported%20symptoms%20and%20adherence%20to%20adjuvant%20endocrine%20therapy%20among%20women%20with%20early-stage%2C%20hormone%20receptor-positive%20breast%20cancer&amp;journal=JAMA%20Netw.%20Open&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Hu%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"54.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Lake, P. W., Conley, C. C., Pal, T., Sutton, S. K. &amp; Vadaparampil, S. T. Anxiety and depression among Black breast cancer survivors: Examining the role of patient-provider communication and cultural values. Patient Educ. Couns. <b>105<\/b>, 2391\u20132396 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35440374\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 54\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10777429\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 54\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Anxiety%20and%20depression%20among%20Black%20breast%20cancer%20survivors%3A%20Examining%20the%20role%20of%20patient-provider%20communication%20and%20cultural%20values&amp;journal=Patient%20Educ.%20Couns.&amp;volume=105&amp;pages=2391-2396&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Lake%2CPW&amp;author=Conley%2CCC&amp;author=Pal%2CT&amp;author=Sutton%2CSK&amp;author=Vadaparampil%2CST\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"55.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A. &amp; Davis, B. A. Racism and health: evidence and needed research. Annu. Rev. Public Health <b>40<\/b>, 105\u2013125 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30601726\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6532402\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racism%20and%20health%3A%20evidence%20and%20needed%20research&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Public%20Health&amp;volume=40&amp;pages=105-125&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Williams%2CDR&amp;author=Lawrence%2CJA&amp;author=Davis%2CBA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"56.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Paradies, Y. et al. Racism as a determinant of health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE <b>10<\/b>, e0138511 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26398658\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4580597\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racism%20as%20a%20determinant%20of%20health%3A%20a%20systematic%20review%20and%20meta-analysis&amp;journal=PLoS%20ONE&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Paradies%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"57.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Gilbert, K. L., Ransome, Y., Dean, L. T., DeCaille, J. &amp; Kawachi, I. Social capital, Black social mobility, and health disparities. Annu. Rev. Public Health <b>43<\/b>, 173\u2013191 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34990220\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10195010\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Social%20capital%2C%20Black%20social%20mobility%2C%20and%20health%20disparities&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Public%20Health&amp;volume=43&amp;pages=173-191&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Gilbert%2CKL&amp;author=Ransome%2CY&amp;author=Dean%2CLT&amp;author=DeCaille%2CJ&amp;author=Kawachi%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"58.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Plascak, J. J. et al. Visual cues of the built environment and perceived stress among a cohort of black breast cancer survivors. Health Place <b>67<\/b>, 102498 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33383367\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Visual%20cues%20of%20the%20built%20environment%20and%20perceived%20stress%20among%20a%20cohort%20of%20black%20breast%20cancer%20survivors&amp;journal=Health%20Place&amp;volume=67&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Plascak%2CJJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"59.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Woods-Giscomb\u00e9, C. L. &amp; Black, A. R. Mind-body interventions to reduce risk for health disparities related to stress and strength among African American women: the potential of mindfulness-based stress reduction, loving-kindness, and the NTU therapeutic framework. Complement. Health Pract. Rev. <b>15<\/b>, 115\u2013131 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21479157\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3071547\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mind-body%20interventions%20to%20reduce%20risk%20for%20health%20disparities%20related%20to%20stress%20and%20strength%20among%20African%20American%20women%3A%20the%20potential%20of%20mindfulness-based%20stress%20reduction%2C%20loving-kindness%2C%20and%20the%20NTU%20therapeutic%20framework&amp;journal=Complement.%20Health%20Pract.%20Rev.&amp;volume=15&amp;pages=115-131&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Woods-Giscomb%C3%A9%2CCL&amp;author=Black%2CAR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"60.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">American Psychological Association. APA Working Group on Stress and Health Disparities. Stress and Health Disparities: Contexts, Mechanisms, and Interventions Among Racial\/Ethnic Minority and Low Socioeconomic Status Populations: (500202018-001). Published online <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/e500202018-001\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1037\/e500202018-001\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/e500202018-001<\/a> (2017).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"61.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Sternthal, M. J., Slopen, N. &amp; Williams, D. R. Racial disparities in health: how much does stress really matter? Du Bois Rev. <b>8<\/b>, 95\u2013113 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29887911\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5993442\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%20disparities%20in%20health%3A%20how%20much%20does%20stress%20really%20matter%3F&amp;journal=Du%20Bois%20Rev.&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=95-113&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Sternthal%2CMJ&amp;author=Slopen%2CN&amp;author=Williams%2CDR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"62.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">United States Census Bureau. Historical Poverty Table 2: Poverty Status of People by Family Relationship, Race, and Hispanic Origin &#8211; 1959 to 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/time-series\/demo\/income-poverty\/historical-poverty-people.html\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/time-series\/demo\/income-poverty\/historical-poverty-people.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/time-series\/demo\/income-poverty\/historical-poverty-people.html<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"63.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">McEwen, B. &amp; Seeman, T. Allostatic Load and Allostasis. Accessed 15 September 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/macses.ucsf.edu\/research\/allostatic\/allostatic.php\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/macses.ucsf.edu\/research\/allostatic\/allostatic.php\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/macses.ucsf.edu\/research\/allostatic\/allostatic.php<\/a> (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"64.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Nielsen, N. R. &amp; Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k, M. Stress and breast cancer: a systematic update on the current knowledge. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. <b>3<\/b>, 612\u2013620 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 64\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stress%20and%20breast%20cancer%3A%20a%20systematic%20update%20on%20the%20current%20knowledge&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Clin.%20Oncol.&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=612-620&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Nielsen%2CNR&amp;author=Gr%C3%B8nb%C3%A6k%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"65.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Armaiz-Pena, G. N., Lutgendorf, S. K., Cole, S. W. &amp; Sood, A. K. Neuroendocrine modulation of cancer progression. Brain Behav. Immun. <b>23<\/b>, 10\u201315 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVCntbrK\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18638541\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 65\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Neuroendocrine%20modulation%20of%20cancer%20progression&amp;journal=Brain%20Behav.%20Immun.&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=10-15&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Armaiz-Pena%2CGN&amp;author=Lutgendorf%2CSK&amp;author=Cole%2CSW&amp;author=Sood%2CAK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"66.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Chida, Y., Hamer, M., Wardle, J. &amp; Steptoe, A. Do stress-related psychosocial factors contribute to cancer incidence and survival? Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. <b>5<\/b>, 466\u2013475 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18493231\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Do%20stress-related%20psychosocial%20factors%20contribute%20to%20cancer%20incidence%20and%20survival%3F&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clin.%20Pract.%20Oncol.&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=466-475&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Chida%2CY&amp;author=Hamer%2CM&amp;author=Wardle%2CJ&amp;author=Steptoe%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"67.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Volden, P. A. &amp; Conzen, S. D. The influence of glucocorticoid signaling on tumor progression. Brain, Behav. Immun. <b>30<\/b>, 26\u201331 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20influence%20of%20glucocorticoid%20signaling%20on%20tumor%20progression&amp;journal=Brain%2C%20Behav.%20Immun.&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=26-31&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Volden%2CPA&amp;author=Conzen%2CSD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"68.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Xing, C. Y. et al. Pre-diagnostic allostatic load and health-related quality of life in a cohort of Black breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. <b>184<\/b>, 901\u2013914 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvV2nu7rN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 68\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32914357\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 68\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7657984\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 68\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 68\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Pre-diagnostic%20allostatic%20load%20and%20health-related%20quality%20of%20life%20in%20a%20cohort%20of%20Black%20breast%20cancer%20survivors&amp;journal=Breast%20Cancer%20Res.%20Treat.&amp;volume=184&amp;pages=901-914&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Xing%2CCY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"69.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Kish, J. K., Yu, M., Percy-Laurry, A. &amp; Altekruse, S. F. Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer survival by neighborhood socioeconomic status in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Registries. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. <b>2014<\/b>, 236\u2013243 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25417237\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 69\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4841168\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 69\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 69\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%20and%20ethnic%20disparities%20in%20cancer%20survival%20by%20neighborhood%20socioeconomic%20status%20in%20Surveillance%2C%20Epidemiology%2C%20and%20End%20Results%20%28SEER%29%20Registries&amp;journal=J.%20Natl.%20Cancer%20Inst.%20Monogr.&amp;volume=2014&amp;pages=236-243&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Kish%2CJK&amp;author=Yu%2CM&amp;author=Percy-Laurry%2CA&amp;author=Altekruse%2CSF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"70.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Pan, H. Y. et al. Insurance status and racial disparities in cancer-specific mortality in the United States: a population-based analysis. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. <b>26<\/b>, 869\u2013875 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 70\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Insurance%20status%20and%20racial%20disparities%20in%20cancer-specific%20mortality%20in%20the%20United%20States%3A%20a%20population-based%20analysis&amp;journal=Cancer%20Epidemiol.%20Biomark.%20Prev.&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=869-875&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Pan%2CHY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"71.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Warner, E. T. &amp; Gomez, S. L. Impact of neighborhood racial composition and metropolitan residential segregation on disparities in breast cancer stage at diagnosis and survival between black and white women in California. J. Community Health <b>35<\/b>, 398\u2013408 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20358266\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 71\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2906635\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 71\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Impact%20of%20neighborhood%20racial%20composition%20and%20metropolitan%20residential%20segregation%20on%20disparities%20in%20breast%20cancer%20stage%20at%20diagnosis%20and%20survival%20between%20black%20and%20white%20women%20in%20California&amp;journal=J.%20Community%20Health&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=398-408&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Warner%2CET&amp;author=Gomez%2CSL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"72.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Hailu, E. M. et al. Longitudinal associations between discrimination, neighborhood social cohesion, and telomere length: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J. Gerontol. Ser. A <b>77<\/b>, 365\u2013374 (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"73.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Allen, A. M. et al. Racial discrimination, the superwoman schema, and allostatic load: exploring an integrative stress\u2010coping model among African American women. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. <b>1457<\/b>, 104\u2013127 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31403707\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 73\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6904516\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 73\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 73\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%20discrimination%2C%20the%20superwoman%20schema%2C%20and%20allostatic%20load%3A%20exploring%20an%20integrative%20stress%E2%80%90coping%20model%20among%20African%20American%20women&amp;journal=Ann.%20N.%20Y.%20Acad.%20Sci.&amp;volume=1457&amp;pages=104-127&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Allen%2CAM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"74.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">Duran, D. G. &amp; P\u00e9rez-Stable, E. J. Novel approaches to advance minority health and health disparities research. Am. J. Public Health <b>109<\/b>, S8\u2013S10 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30699017\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 74\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6356124\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 74\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 74\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Novel%20approaches%20to%20advance%20minority%20health%20and%20health%20disparities%20research&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Public%20Health&amp;volume=109&amp;pages=S8-S10&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Duran%2CDG&amp;author=P%C3%A9rez-Stable%2CEJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"75.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR75\">Lewis, T. T., Cogburn, C. D. &amp; Williams, D. R. Self-reported experiences of discrimination and health: scientific advances, ongoing controversies, and emerging issues. Annu Rev. Clin. Psychol. <b>11<\/b>, 407\u2013440 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25581238\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 75\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5555118\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 75\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 75\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Self-reported%20experiences%20of%20discrimination%20and%20health%3A%20scientific%20advances%2C%20ongoing%20controversies%2C%20and%20emerging%20issues&amp;journal=Annu%20Rev.%20Clin.%20Psychol.&amp;volume=11&amp;pages=407-440&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Lewis%2CTT&amp;author=Cogburn%2CCD&amp;author=Williams%2CDR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"76.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR76\">Brondolo, E., Brady Ver Halen, N., Pencille, M., Beatty, D. &amp; Contrada, R. J. Coping with racism: a selective review of the literature and a theoretical and methodological critique. J. Behav. Med <b>32<\/b>, 64\u201388 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19127420\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 76\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3258496\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 76\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 76\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coping%20with%20racism%3A%20a%20selective%20review%20of%20the%20literature%20and%20a%20theoretical%20and%20methodological%20critique&amp;journal=J.%20Behav.%20Med&amp;volume=32&amp;pages=64-88&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Brondolo%2CE&amp;author=Brady%20Ver%20Halen%2CN&amp;author=Pencille%2CM&amp;author=Beatty%2CD&amp;author=Contrada%2CRJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"77.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR77\">Taylor, T. R. et al. Racial discrimination and breast cancer incidence in US Black women: the Black Women\u2019s Health Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. <b>166<\/b>, 46\u201354 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17400570\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 77\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 77\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%20discrimination%20and%20breast%20cancer%20incidence%20in%20US%20Black%20women%3A%20the%20Black%20Women%E2%80%99s%20Health%20Study&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Epidemiol.&amp;volume=166&amp;pages=46-54&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Taylor%2CTR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"78.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR78\">Clark, R., Anderson, N. B., Clark, V. R. &amp; Williams, D. R. Racism as a stressor for African Americans. A biopsychosocial model. Am. Psychol. <b>54<\/b>, 805\u2013816 (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FgvVSqug%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 78\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=10540593\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 78\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 78\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racism%20as%20a%20stressor%20for%20African%20Americans.%20A%20biopsychosocial%20model&amp;journal=Am.%20Psychol.&amp;volume=54&amp;pages=805-816&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=Clark%2CR&amp;author=Anderson%2CNB&amp;author=Clark%2CVR&amp;author=Williams%2CDR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"79.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR79\">Woods-Giscomb\u00e9, C. L. Superwoman schema: African American women\u2019s views on stress, strength, and health. Qual. Health Res. <b>20<\/b>, 668\u2013683 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20154298\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 79\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3072704\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 79\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 79\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Superwoman%20schema%3A%20African%20American%20women%E2%80%99s%20views%20on%20stress%2C%20strength%2C%20and%20health&amp;journal=Qual.%20Health%20Res.&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=668-683&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Woods-Giscomb%C3%A9%2CCL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"80.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR80\">Watson, N. N. &amp; Hunter, C. D. Anxiety and depression among African American women: the costs of strength and negative attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. Cult. Divers. Ethn. Minor. Psychol. <b>21<\/b>, 604\u2013612 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 80\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Anxiety%20and%20depression%20among%20African%20American%20women%3A%20the%20costs%20of%20strength%20and%20negative%20attitudes%20toward%20psychological%20help-seeking&amp;journal=Cult.%20Divers.%20Ethn.%20Minor.%20Psychol.&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=604-612&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Watson%2CNN&amp;author=Hunter%2CCD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"81.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR81\">Watson, N. N. &amp; Hunter, C. D. \u201cI had to be strong\u201d: tensions in the strong Black woman schema. J. Black Psychol. <b>42<\/b>, 424\u2013452 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 81\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=%E2%80%9CI%20had%20to%20be%20strong%E2%80%9D%3A%20tensions%20in%20the%20strong%20Black%20woman%20schema&amp;journal=J.%20Black%20Psychol.&amp;volume=42&amp;pages=424-452&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Watson%2CNN&amp;author=Hunter%2CCD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"82.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR82\">Peek, M. E., Sayad, J. V. &amp; Markwardt, R. Fear, fatalism and breast cancer screening in low-income African-American women: the role of clinicians and the health care system. J. Gen. Intern. Med. <b>23<\/b>, 1847\u20131853 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18751758\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 82\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2585682\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 82\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 82\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Fear%2C%20fatalism%20and%20breast%20cancer%20screening%20in%20low-income%20African-American%20women%3A%20the%20role%20of%20clinicians%20and%20the%20health%20care%20system&amp;journal=J.%20Gen.%20Intern.%20Med.&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=1847-1853&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Peek%2CME&amp;author=Sayad%2CJV&amp;author=Markwardt%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"83.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR83\">McEwen B. S. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N. Engl. J. Med. <b>338<\/b>, 171\u2013179 (1998).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"84.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR84\">Williams, D. R. &amp; Mohammed, S. A. Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research. J. Behav. Med. <b>32<\/b>, 20 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19030981\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 84\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 84\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Discrimination%20and%20racial%20disparities%20in%20health%3A%20evidence%20and%20needed%20research&amp;journal=J.%20Behav.%20Med.&amp;volume=32&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Williams%2CDR&amp;author=Mohammed%2CSA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"85.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR85\">Powell, N. D., Tarr, A. J. &amp; Sheridan, J. F. Review: psychosocial stress and inflammation in cancer. Brain Behav. Immun. <b>30<\/b>, S41\u2013S47 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFeitL%2FI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 85\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22790082\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 85\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 85\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Review%3A%20psychosocial%20stress%20and%20inflammation%20in%20cancer&amp;journal=Brain%20Behav.%20Immun.&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=S41-S47&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Powell%2CND&amp;author=Tarr%2CAJ&amp;author=Sheridan%2CJF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"86.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR86\">Armaiz-Pena, G. N., Cole, S. W., Lutgendorf, S. K. &amp; Sood, A. K. Neuroendocrine influences on cancer progression. Brain Behav. Immun. <b>30<\/b>, S19\u2013S25 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVWgurzJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 86\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22728325\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 86\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 86\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Neuroendocrine%20influences%20on%20cancer%20progression&amp;journal=Brain%20Behav.%20Immun.&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=S19-S25&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Armaiz-Pena%2CGN&amp;author=Cole%2CSW&amp;author=Lutgendorf%2CSK&amp;author=Sood%2CAK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"87.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR87\">Spiegel, D., Bloom, J. R., Kraemer, H. C. &amp; Gottheil, E. Effect of psychosocial treatment on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Lancet <b>2<\/b>, 888\u2013891 (1989).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FhtlKrtw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 87\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=2571815\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 87\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 87\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effect%20of%20psychosocial%20treatment%20on%20survival%20of%20patients%20with%20metastatic%20breast%20cancer&amp;journal=Lancet&amp;volume=2&amp;pages=888-891&amp;publication_year=1989&amp;author=Spiegel%2CD&amp;author=Bloom%2CJR&amp;author=Kraemer%2CHC&amp;author=Gottheil%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"88.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR88\">Xing, C. Y. et al. Prediagnostic allostatic load as a predictor of poorly differentiated and larger sized breast cancers among Black women in the women\u2019s circle of health follow-up study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. <b>29<\/b>, 216\u2013224 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhslGgurvL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 88\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 88\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Prediagnostic%20allostatic%20load%20as%20a%20predictor%20of%20poorly%20differentiated%20and%20larger%20sized%20breast%20cancers%20among%20Black%20women%20in%20the%20women%E2%80%99s%20circle%20of%20health%20follow-up%20study&amp;journal=Cancer%20Epidemiol.%20Biomark.%20Prev.&amp;volume=29&amp;pages=216-224&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Xing%2CCY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"89.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR89\">Cole, S. W. Social regulation of human gene expression: mechanisms and implications for public health. Am. J. Public Health <b>103<\/b>, S84\u2013S92 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23927506\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 89\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3786751\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 89\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 89\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Social%20regulation%20of%20human%20gene%20expression%3A%20mechanisms%20and%20implications%20for%20public%20health&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Public%20Health&amp;volume=103&amp;pages=S84-S92&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Cole%2CSW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"90.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR90\">Cole, S. W. The conserved transcriptional response to adversity. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. <b>28<\/b>, 31\u201337 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31592179\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 90\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6779418\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 90\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 90\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20conserved%20transcriptional%20response%20to%20adversity&amp;journal=Curr.%20Opin.%20Behav.%20Sci.&amp;volume=28&amp;pages=31-37&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Cole%2CSW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"91.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR91\">Siddharth, S. &amp; Sharma, D. Racial disparity and triple-negative breast cancer in African-American women: a multifaceted affair between obesity, biology, and socioeconomic determinants. Cancers <b>10<\/b>, 514 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitFKgs7jO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 91\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30558195\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 91\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6316530\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 91\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 91\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racial%20disparity%20and%20triple-negative%20breast%20cancer%20in%20African-American%20women%3A%20a%20multifaceted%20affair%20between%20obesity%2C%20biology%2C%20and%20socioeconomic%20determinants&amp;journal=Cancers&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Siddharth%2CS&amp;author=Sharma%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"92.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR92\">Cozier, Y. C. et al. Racism, segregation, and risk of obesity in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. <b>179<\/b>, 875\u2013883 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24585257\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 92\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3969538\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 92\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 92\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Racism%2C%20segregation%2C%20and%20risk%20of%20obesity%20in%20the%20Black%20Women%E2%80%99s%20Health%20Study&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Epidemiol.&amp;volume=179&amp;pages=875-883&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Cozier%2CYC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"93.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR93\">Brown, K. A. Metabolic pathways in obesity-related breast cancer. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. <b>17<\/b>, 350\u2013363 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33927368\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 93\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10410950\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 93\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 93\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Metabolic%20pathways%20in%20obesity-related%20breast%20cancer&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Endocrinol.&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=350-363&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Brown%2CKA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"94.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR94\">Deshmukh, S. K. et al. Resistin and interleukin-6 exhibit racially-disparate expression in breast cancer patients, display molecular association and promote growth and aggressiveness of tumor cells through STAT3 activation. Oncotarget <b>6<\/b>, 11231\u201311241 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25868978\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 94\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4484452\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 94\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 94\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Resistin%20and%20interleukin-6%20exhibit%20racially-disparate%20expression%20in%20breast%20cancer%20patients%2C%20display%20molecular%20association%20and%20promote%20growth%20and%20aggressiveness%20of%20tumor%20cells%20through%20STAT3%20activation&amp;journal=Oncotarget&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=11231-11241&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Deshmukh%2CSK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"95.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR95\">Epel, E. S. et al. Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA <b>101<\/b>, 17312\u201317315 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFansr%2FO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 95\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=15574496\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 95\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC534658\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 95\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 95\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Accelerated%20telomere%20shortening%20in%20response%20to%20life%20stress&amp;journal=Proc.%20Natl.%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&amp;volume=101&amp;pages=17312-17315&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Epel%2CES\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"96.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR96\">Hertzman, C. The biological embedding of early experience and its effects on health in adulthood. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. <b>896<\/b>, 85\u201395 (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7ks1Cksw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 96\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=10681890\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 96\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 96\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20biological%20embedding%20of%20early%20experience%20and%20its%20effects%20on%20health%20in%20adulthood&amp;journal=Ann.%20N.%20Y.%20Acad.%20Sci.&amp;volume=896&amp;pages=85-95&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=Hertzman%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"97.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR97\">McEwen, B. S. &amp; Seeman, T. Protective and damaging effects of mediators of stress. Elaborating and testing the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load. Ann. N. Y Acad. Sci. <b>896<\/b>, 30\u201347 (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnt1SlsQ%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 97\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=10681886\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 97\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 97\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Protective%20and%20damaging%20effects%20of%20mediators%20of%20stress.%20Elaborating%20and%20testing%20the%20concepts%20of%20allostasis%20and%20allostatic%20load&amp;journal=Ann.%20N.%20Y%20Acad.%20Sci.&amp;volume=896&amp;pages=30-47&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=McEwen%2CBS&amp;author=Seeman%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"98.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR98\">Hara, M. R. et al. A stress response pathway regulates DNA damage through \u03b22-adrenoreceptors and \u03b2-arrestin-1. Nature <b>477<\/b>, 349\u2013353 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFersLnE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 98\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21857681\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 98\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3628753\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 98\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 98\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20stress%20response%20pathway%20regulates%20DNA%20damage%20through%20%CE%B22-adrenoreceptors%20and%20%CE%B2-arrestin-1&amp;journal=Nature&amp;volume=477&amp;pages=349-353&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Hara%2CMR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"99.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR99\">Eismann, E. A., Lush, E. &amp; Sephton, S. E. Circadian effects in cancer-relevant psychoneuroendocrine and immune pathways. Psychoneuroendocrinology <b>35<\/b>, 963\u2013976 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXovFChsLs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 99\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20097011\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 99\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 99\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Circadian%20effects%20in%20cancer-relevant%20psychoneuroendocrine%20and%20immune%20pathways&amp;journal=Psychoneuroendocrinology&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=963-976&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Eismann%2CEA&amp;author=Lush%2CE&amp;author=Sephton%2CSE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"100.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR100\">Sephton, S. E. Diurnal cortisol rhythm as a predictor of breast cancer survival. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. <b>92<\/b>, 994\u20131000 (2000).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czitV2ntg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 100\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=10861311\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 100\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 100\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Diurnal%20cortisol%20rhythm%20as%20a%20predictor%20of%20breast%20cancer%20survival&amp;journal=J.%20Natl.%20Cancer%20Inst.&amp;volume=92&amp;pages=994-1000&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;author=Sephton%2CSE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"101.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR101\">Feng, Z. et al. Chronic restraint stress attenuates p53 function and promotes tumorigenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA <b>109<\/b>, 7013 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XntVWksbs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 101\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22509031\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 101\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3345015\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 101\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 101\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chronic%20restraint%20stress%20attenuates%20p53%20function%20and%20promotes%20tumorigenesis&amp;journal=Proc.%20Natl.%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&amp;volume=109&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Feng%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"102.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR102\">Spiegel, D. Mind matters in cancer survival. Psycho Oncol. <b>21<\/b>, 588\u2013593 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 102\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mind%20matters%20in%20cancer%20survival&amp;journal=Psycho%20Oncol.&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=588-593&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Spiegel%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"103.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR103\">Coelho, M. et al. \u03b2-Adrenergic modulation of cancer cell proliferation: available evidence and clinical perspectives. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. <b>143<\/b>, 275\u2013291 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xhs1aksbzL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 103\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27709364\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 103\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 103\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=%CE%B2-Adrenergic%20modulation%20of%20cancer%20cell%20proliferation%3A%20available%20evidence%20and%20clinical%20perspectives&amp;journal=J.%20Cancer%20Res.%20Clin.%20Oncol.&amp;volume=143&amp;pages=275-291&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Coelho%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"104.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR104\">Cole, S. W. &amp; Sood, A. K. Molecular pathways: beta-adrenergic signaling in cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. <b>18<\/b>, 1201\u20131206 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xjt1Wlsbc%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 104\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22186256\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 104\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 104\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Molecular%20pathways%3A%20beta-adrenergic%20signaling%20in%20cancer&amp;journal=Clin.%20Cancer%20Res.&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=1201-1206&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Cole%2CSW&amp;author=Sood%2CAK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"105.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR105\">Cole, S. W., Nagaraja, A. S., Lutgendorf, S. K., Green, P. A. &amp; Sood, A. K. Sympathetic nervous system regulation of the tumour microenvironment. Nat. Rev. Cancer <b>15<\/b>, 563\u2013572 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtlOrtrvE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 105\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26299593\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 105\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4828959\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 105\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 105\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sympathetic%20nervous%20system%20regulation%20of%20the%20tumour%20microenvironment&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Cancer&amp;volume=15&amp;pages=563-572&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Cole%2CSW&amp;author=Nagaraja%2CAS&amp;author=Lutgendorf%2CSK&amp;author=Green%2CPA&amp;author=Sood%2CAK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"106.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR106\">Yee, L. D., Mortimer, J. E., Natarajan, R., Dietze, E. C. &amp; Seewaldt, V. L. Metabolic health, insulin, and breast cancer: why oncologists should care about insulin. Front. Endocrinol. <b>11<\/b>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00058\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00058\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00058<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"107.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR107\">Mohanty, S. S. &amp; Mohanty, P. K. Obesity as potential breast cancer risk factor for postmenopausal women. Genes Dis. <b>8<\/b>, 117\u2013123 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33997158\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 107\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 107\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Obesity%20as%20potential%20breast%20cancer%20risk%20factor%20for%20postmenopausal%20women&amp;journal=Genes%20Dis.&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=117-123&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Mohanty%2CSS&amp;author=Mohanty%2CPK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"108.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR108\">Taroeno-Hariadi, K. W., Hardianti, M. S., Sinorita, H. &amp; Aryandono, T. Obesity, leptin, and deregulation of microRNA in lipid metabolisms: their contribution to breast cancer prognosis. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. <b>13<\/b>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-020-00621-4\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s13098-020-00621-4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-020-00621-4<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"109.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR109\">Esteller, M. CpG island hypermethylation and tumor suppressor genes: a booming present, a brighter future. Oncogene <b>21<\/b>, 5427\u20135440 (2002).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlslSqt7w%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 109\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12154405\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 109\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 109\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=CpG%20island%20hypermethylation%20and%20tumor%20suppressor%20genes%3A%20a%20booming%20present%2C%20a%20brighter%20future&amp;journal=Oncogene&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=5427-5440&amp;publication_year=2002&amp;author=Esteller%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"110.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR110\">Esteller, M. Epigenetic gene silencing in cancer: the DNA hypermethylome. Hum. Mol. Genet. <b>16<\/b>, R50\u2013R59 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXosFOht7Y%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 110\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17613547\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 110\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 110\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Epigenetic%20gene%20silencing%20in%20cancer%3A%20the%20DNA%20hypermethylome&amp;journal=Hum.%20Mol.%20Genet.&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=R50-R59&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Esteller%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"111.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR111\">Das, P. M. &amp; Singal, R. DNA methylation and cancer. JCO <b>22<\/b>, 4632\u20134642 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFWqt7%2FE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 111\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 111\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=DNA%20methylation%20and%20cancer&amp;journal=JCO&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=4632-4642&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Das%2CPM&amp;author=Singal%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"112.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR112\">Nesset, K. A., Perri, A. M. &amp; Mueller, C. R. Frequent promoter hypermethylation and expression reduction of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in breast tumors. Epigenetics <b>9<\/b>, 851\u2013859 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1GntbjI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 112\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24622770\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 112\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4065183\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 112\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 112\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Frequent%20promoter%20hypermethylation%20and%20expression%20reduction%20of%20the%20glucocorticoid%20receptor%20gene%20in%20breast%20tumors&amp;journal=Epigenetics&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=851-859&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Nesset%2CKA&amp;author=Perri%2CAM&amp;author=Mueller%2CCR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"113.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR113\">Barcelona de Mendoza, V., Huang, Y., Crusto, C. A., Sun, Y. V. &amp; Taylor, J. Y. Perceived racial discrimination and DNA methylation among African American women in the InterGEN study. Biol. Res. Nurs. <b>20<\/b>, 145\u2013152 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXislSrtLk%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 113\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29258399\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 113\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 113\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Perceived%20racial%20discrimination%20and%20DNA%20methylation%20among%20African%20American%20women%20in%20the%20InterGEN%20study&amp;journal=Biol.%20Res.%20Nurs.&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=145-152&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Barcelona%20de%20Mendoza%2CV&amp;author=Huang%2CY&amp;author=Crusto%2CCA&amp;author=Sun%2CYV&amp;author=Taylor%2CJY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"114.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR114\">Maroni, P., Matteucci, E., Bendinelli, P. &amp; Desiderio, M. Functions and epigenetic regulation of Wwox in bone metastasis from breast carcinoma: comparison with primary tumors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. <b>18<\/b>, 75 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28045433\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 114\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5297710\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 114\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 114\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Functions%20and%20epigenetic%20regulation%20of%20Wwox%20in%20bone%20metastasis%20from%20breast%20carcinoma%3A%20comparison%20with%20primary%20tumors&amp;journal=Int.%20J.%20Mol.%20Sci.&amp;volume=18&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Maroni%2CP&amp;author=Matteucci%2CE&amp;author=Bendinelli%2CP&amp;author=Desiderio%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"115.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR115\">Puterman, E. et al. Lifespan adversity and later adulthood telomere length in the nationally representative US Health and Retirement Study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA <b>113<\/b>, E6335\u2013E6342 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xhs1SisbnF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 115\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27698131\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 115\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5081642\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 115\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 115\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Lifespan%20adversity%20and%20later%20adulthood%20telomere%20length%20in%20the%20nationally%20representative%20US%20Health%20and%20Retirement%20Study&amp;journal=Proc.%20Natl.%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&amp;volume=113&amp;pages=E6335-E6342&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Puterman%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"116.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR116\">Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. &amp; Glaser, R. Psychological stress, telomeres, and telomerase. Brain Behav. Immun. <b>24<\/b>, 529\u2013530 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20167271\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 116\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2856705\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 116\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 116\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Psychological%20stress%2C%20telomeres%2C%20and%20telomerase&amp;journal=Brain%20Behav.%20Immun.&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=529-530&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Kiecolt-Glaser%2CJK&amp;author=Glaser%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"117.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR117\">Romano, G. H. et al. Environmental stresses disrupt telomere length homeostasis. PLOS Genet. <b>9<\/b>, e1003721 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsFOnt7zE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 117\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24039592\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 117\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3764183\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 117\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 117\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Environmental%20stresses%20disrupt%20telomere%20length%20homeostasis&amp;journal=PLOS%20Genet.&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Romano%2CGH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"118.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR118\">Ennour-Idrissi, K., Maunsell, E. &amp; Diorio, C. Telomere length and breast cancer prognosis: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. <b>26<\/b>, 3\u201310 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXkvVKgtQ%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 118\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 118\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Telomere%20length%20and%20breast%20cancer%20prognosis%3A%20a%20systematic%20review&amp;journal=Cancer%20Epidemiol.%20Biomark.%20Prev.&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=3-10&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Ennour-Idrissi%2CK&amp;author=Maunsell%2CE&amp;author=Diorio%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"119.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR119\">Duggan, C. et al. Change in peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length and mortality in breast cancer survivors. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. <b>106<\/b>, dju035 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24627273\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 119\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3982887\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 119\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 119\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Change%20in%20peripheral%20blood%20leukocyte%20telomere%20length%20and%20mortality%20in%20breast%20cancer%20survivors&amp;journal=J.%20Natl.%20Cancer%20Inst.&amp;volume=106&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Duggan%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"120.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR120\">Weischer, M. et al. Short telomere length, cancer survival, and cancer risk in 47102 individuals. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. <b>105<\/b>, 459\u2013468 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXlsV2rsro%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 120\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23468462\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 120\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 120\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Short%20telomere%20length%2C%20cancer%20survival%2C%20and%20cancer%20risk%20in%2047102%20individuals&amp;journal=J.%20Natl.%20Cancer%20Inst.&amp;volume=105&amp;pages=459-468&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Weischer%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"121.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR121\">Obeng-Gyasi, S. et al. Association of allostatic load with all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer. JAMA Netw. Open <b>6<\/b>, e2313989 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37200034\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 121\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10196875\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 121\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 121\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Association%20of%20allostatic%20load%20with%20all-cause%20mortality%20in%20patients%20with%20breast%20cancer&amp;journal=JAMA%20Netw.%20Open&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Obeng-Gyasi%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"122.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR122\">Barnard, M. E. et al. Psychosocial stressors and breast cancer gene expression in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. <b>204<\/b>, 327\u2013340 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38127176\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 122\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 122\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Psychosocial%20stressors%20and%20breast%20cancer%20gene%20expression%20in%20the%20Black%20Women%E2%80%99s%20Health%20Study&amp;journal=Breast%20Cancer%20Res.%20Treat.&amp;volume=204&amp;pages=327-340&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Barnard%2CME\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"123.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR123\">Martini, R. et al. African ancestry-associated gene expression profiles in triple-negative breast cancer underlie altered tumor biology and clinical outcome in women of African descent. Cancer Discov. <b>12<\/b>, 2530\u20132551 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXht1emtr8%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 123\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36121736\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 123\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9627137\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 123\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 123\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=African%20ancestry-associated%20gene%20expression%20profiles%20in%20triple-negative%20breast%20cancer%20underlie%20altered%20tumor%20biology%20and%20clinical%20outcome%20in%20women%20of%20African%20descent&amp;journal=Cancer%20Discov.&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=2530-2551&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Martini%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"124.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR124\">Biancolella, M. et al. Breast cancer in West Africa: molecular analysis of BRCA genes in early-onset breast cancer patients in Burkina Faso. Hum. Genom. <b>15<\/b>, 65 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XlvVKgtr8%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 124\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 124\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Breast%20cancer%20in%20West%20Africa%3A%20molecular%20analysis%20of%20BRCA%20genes%20in%20early-onset%20breast%20cancer%20patients%20in%20Burkina%20Faso&amp;journal=Hum.%20Genom.&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Biancolella%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"125.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR125\">Nair, N. M. et al. The African-specific variant in the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) gene, CD8+ T-cell density and Aggressive Breast Cancer Subtypes in Black Women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-25-0454\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-25-0454\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-25-0454<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"126.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR126\">Martini, R. et al. Investigation of triple-negative breast cancer risk alleles in an International African-enriched cohort. Sci. Rep. <b>11<\/b>, 9247 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhtVartLrP\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 126\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33927264\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 126\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8085076\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 126\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 126\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Investigation%20of%20triple-negative%20breast%20cancer%20risk%20alleles%20in%20an%20International%20African-enriched%20cohort&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Martini%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"127.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR127\">Cruceriu, D., Baldasici, O., Balacescu, O. &amp; Berindan-Neagoe, I. The dual role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) in breast cancer: molecular insights and therapeutic approaches. Cell Oncol. <b>43<\/b>, 1\u201318 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjtlWhtg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 127\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 127\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20dual%20role%20of%20tumor%20necrosis%20factor-alpha%20%28TNF-%CE%B1%29%20in%20breast%20cancer%3A%20molecular%20insights%20and%20therapeutic%20approaches&amp;journal=Cell%20Oncol.&amp;volume=43&amp;pages=1-18&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Cruceriu%2CD&amp;author=Baldasici%2CO&amp;author=Balacescu%2CO&amp;author=Berindan-Neagoe%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"128.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR128\">Glaser, R. &amp; Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health. Nat. Rev. Immunol. <b>5<\/b>, 243\u2013251 (2005).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhslSju70%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 128\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=15738954\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 128\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 128\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stress-induced%20immune%20dysfunction%3A%20implications%20for%20health&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Immunol.&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=243-251&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Glaser%2CR&amp;author=Kiecolt-Glaser%2CJK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"129.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR129\">Reiche, E. M. V., Morimoto, H. K. &amp; Nunes, S. M. V. Stress and depression-induced immune dysfunction: implications for the development and progression of cancer. Int. Rev. Psychiatry <b>17<\/b>, 515\u2013527 (2005).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=16401550\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 129\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 129\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stress%20and%20depression-induced%20immune%20dysfunction%3A%20implications%20for%20the%20development%20and%20progression%20of%20cancer&amp;journal=Int.%20Rev.%20Psychiatry&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=515-527&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Reiche%2CEMV&amp;author=Morimoto%2CHK&amp;author=Nunes%2CSMV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"130.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR130\">Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D. &amp; Miller, G. E. Psychological stress and disease. JAMA <b>298<\/b>, 1685\u20131687 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFGhtrbI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 130\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17925521\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 130\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 130\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Psychological%20stress%20and%20disease&amp;journal=JAMA&amp;volume=298&amp;pages=1685-1687&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Cohen%2CS&amp;author=Janicki-Deverts%2CD&amp;author=Miller%2CGE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"131.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR131\">Zajac, K. K., Malla, S., Babu, R. J., Raman, D. &amp; Tiwari A. K. Ethnic disparities in the immune microenvironment of triple negative breast cancer and its role in therapeutic outcomes. Cancer Rep. <b>6<\/b>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnr2.1779\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/cnr2.1779\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnr2.1779<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"132.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR132\">Argentieri, M. A., Nagarajan, S., Seddighzadeh, B., Baccarelli, A. A. &amp; Shields, A. E. Epigenetic pathways in human disease: the impact of DNA methylation on stress-related pathogenesis and current challenges in biomarker development. EBioMedicine <b>18<\/b>, 327\u2013350 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28434943\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 132\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5405197\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 132\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 132\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Epigenetic%20pathways%20in%20human%20disease%3A%20the%20impact%20of%20DNA%20methylation%20on%20stress-related%20pathogenesis%20and%20current%20challenges%20in%20biomarker%20development&amp;journal=EBioMedicine&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=327-350&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Argentieri%2CMA&amp;author=Nagarajan%2CS&amp;author=Seddighzadeh%2CB&amp;author=Baccarelli%2CAA&amp;author=Shields%2CAE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"133.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR133\">Tyrka, A. R., Price, L. H., Marsit, C., Walters, O. C. &amp; Carpenter, L. L. Childhood adversity and epigenetic modulation of the leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor: preliminary findings in healthy adults. PLoS One <b>7<\/b>, e30148 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xit1CisLg%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 133\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22295073\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 133\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3266256\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 133\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 133\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Childhood%20adversity%20and%20epigenetic%20modulation%20of%20the%20leukocyte%20glucocorticoid%20receptor%3A%20preliminary%20findings%20in%20healthy%20adults&amp;journal=PLoS%20One&amp;volume=7&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Tyrka%2CAR&amp;author=Price%2CLH&amp;author=Marsit%2CC&amp;author=Walters%2COC&amp;author=Carpenter%2CLL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"134.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR134\">Parente, V., Hale, L. &amp; Palermo, T. Association between breast cancer and allostatic load by race: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2008. Psychooncology <b>22<\/b>, 621\u2013628 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22290849\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 134\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 134\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Association%20between%20breast%20cancer%20and%20allostatic%20load%20by%20race%3A%20National%20Health%20and%20Nutrition%20Examination%20Survey%201999-2008&amp;journal=Psychooncology&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=621-628&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Parente%2CV&amp;author=Hale%2CL&amp;author=Palermo%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Miller, K. D. et al. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J. Clin. 69, 363\u2013385 (2019).&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":142345,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[15576,15634,84647,6958,11077,834,210,1141,1142,15577,15097,67,132,68],"class_list":{"0":"post-142344","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-health-care","8":"tag-biomedicine","9":"tag-breast-cancer","10":"tag-cancer-epidemiology","11":"tag-cancer-research","12":"tag-cell-biology","13":"tag-general","14":"tag-health","15":"tag-health-care","16":"tag-healthcare","17":"tag-human-genetics","18":"tag-oncology","19":"tag-united-states","20":"tag-unitedstates","21":"tag-us"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@us\/115021421471190370","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142344"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142344\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/142345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}