{"id":25784,"date":"2025-06-30T00:24:16","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T00:24:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/25784\/"},"modified":"2025-06-30T00:24:16","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T00:24:16","slug":"dna-reveals-female-centered-society-in-9000-year-old-neolithic-city-of-catalhoyuk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/25784\/","title":{"rendered":"DNA reveals female-centered society in 9,000-year-old Neolithic city of \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck"},"content":{"rendered":"

Recent genetic research has shed light on the social structure of \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, a large Neolithic<\/a> settlement in the center of Turkey that flourished over 9,000 years ago. A study published in Science confirms long-standing speculations that women were at the center of this ancient society, the oldest known society for which a female-centered social structure is supported by DNA.<\/p>\n

\"DNA<\/a>Ruins of \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck. Credit: Murat \u00d6zsoy<\/a> \/ CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, located near Konya, was occupied from about 7100 to 6000 BCE. This proto-city, famous for its rooftop-accessed mudbrick homes, elaborate murals, and female figurines, once had thousands of residents on its 32.5-acre expanse. Archaeologists have long debated whether the settlement was matriarchal, a notion first speculated by British archaeologist James Mellaart in the 1960s based on his interpretation of figurines that depicted female deities.<\/p>\n

Now, thanks to the work of an international team of researchers led by Turkish geneticists Eren Y\u00fcnc\u00fc and Mehmet Somel (Middle East Technical University, Ankara), archaeologist Eva Rosenstock (University of Bonn), and others, the ancient DNA of 131 skeletons has provided new insights into the social organization of the settlement. The data indicate that maternal lineage\u2014rather than paternal\u2014predominated in household organization.<\/p>\n

\"DNA<\/a>Seated goddess flanked by two felines, leopards or lionesses. Credit: Nevit Dilmen<\/a> \/ CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/p>\n

The analysis revealed that first-degree relatives were buried together beneath the same house floors, while more distant relatives were buried in nearby buildings. The intergenerational continuity of female lineages suggests that households were structured around mothers and their offspring.<\/p>\n

\"DNA<\/a>atalh\u00f6y\u00fck excavation, 2006: Archaeologists excavating a child burial. Credit: Dr. Colleen Morgan<\/a> \/ CC BY 2.0<\/a><\/p>\n

Even more compelling was the evidence of preferential treatment in burial customs. Genetic analysis revealed that girls and women received significantly more grave goods than males\u2014up to five times as many.<\/p>\n

In the 1990s, Stanford\u2019s Ian Hodder, who took over excavation leadership, suggested \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck was egalitarian. While that assumption is not entirely disproven, the new data place more emphasis on the fact that kinship and identity were made to flow through the maternal line\u2014a managerial rule applied by some Indigenous Australian groups today, according to Dr. Eline Schotsmans of the University of Wollongong.<\/p>\n

\"DNA<\/a>On-site restoration of a typical interior. Credit: Elelicht<\/a> \/ CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/p>\n

More evidence for continuity through the maternal line comes from the unearthing of two infant skeletons in the West Mound. Buried alongside each other, although not close relatives as DNA tests showed, they were still part of the same genetic pool as those found on the older East Mound. This demonstrates continuity, which implies uninterrupted occupation and social consistency across centuries.<\/p>\n

As researchers explore the evolution of Neolithic societies, \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck is a rare example of a matrilineal society. This finding illuminates not only the gender relations of \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck but also raises bigger questions: How did such female-centered structures emerge or disappear over time elsewhere in Neolithic Europe and Western Asia?<\/p>\n

More information:<\/strong> Y\u00fcnc\u00fc, E., Do\u011fu, A. K., Kaptan, D., K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, M. S., Mazzucato, C., G\u00fcler, M. N., \u2026 Somel, M. (2025). Female lineages and changing kinship patterns in Neolithic \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck. Science (New York, N.Y.),\u00a0388(6754), eadr2915. doi:10.1126\/science.adr2915<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Recent genetic research has shed light on the social structure of \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, a large Neolithic settlement in the…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":25785,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[22843,22844,815,22845,159,67,132,68],"class_list":{"0":"post-25784","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-genetics","8":"tag-catalhoyuk","9":"tag-gender-archaeology","10":"tag-genetics","11":"tag-neolithic","12":"tag-science","13":"tag-united-states","14":"tag-unitedstates","15":"tag-us"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@us\/114769473305470979","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25784"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25784\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}