![\"More](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/more-accurate-computer.jpg\" "\\"Simulated")
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Simulated gluon field in the nucleus. When energy increases, the nucleus grows and its internal structure changes. Credit: Bj\u00f6rn Schenke.<\/p>\n
A researcher, Heikki M\u00e4ntysaari from the University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 (Finland), has been part of an international research group that has made significant advances in modeling heavy ion collisions. New computer models provide additional information about the matter in the early universe and improve our understanding of the extremely hot and dense nuclear matter. The work is published<\/a> in the journal Physical Review Letters.<\/p>\n When atomic nuclei<\/a> collide at near light speed, they form a new state of matter where quarks and gluons are liberated from protons and neutrons. To study this matter, called a quark<\/a>\u2013gluon plasma (QGP), scientists need to understand the initial conditions, including the shape and energy density of the created matter.<\/p>\n The University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 has participated in international research that has improved computer models that simulate these initial conditions along with the entire collision dynamics. Researchers solved equations that describe how the internal structure of the colliding protons and nuclei changes with collision<\/a> energy. The updated models match patterns of particles produced by the collisions better than older ones, giving a clearer view of the QGP’s birth.<\/p>\n “This research helps reveal how nuclear matter behaves under extreme conditions, like those that existed just after the Big Bang. By making models of these collisions more accurate, we can better measure the properties of the QGP,” says Associate Professor Heikki M\u00e4ntysaari from the University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, who participated in the research.<\/p>\n Research is moving forward with experimental and theoretical collaboration<\/p>\n The new models better correspond to experimental measurements made at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).<\/p>\n “By connecting experimental results with theoretical advances, the study opens the door to more precise extraction of quark\u2013gluon plasma properties, improving our understanding of matter under extreme conditions. We are also eagerly waiting for the new Electron-Ion Collider which will start to operate at Brookhaven in the 2030s, providing complementary measurements,” explains M\u00e4ntysaari.<\/p>\n The University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 is home to a world-class the Center of Excellence in Quark Matter. The ultimate goal is to understand one of the four fundamental forces of nature: the strong interaction<\/a> between the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter, quarks and gluons.<\/p>\n “International research collaboration is crucial, especially when combining experimental and theoretical knowledge. Experiments are becoming increasingly complex, which is why it is more important than ever that all parties understand what is being measured and how phenomena are modeled theoretically. This is also the main motivation behind our Center of Excellence: it brings together theorists and experimentalists performing measurements at CERN. This shared understanding is key to advancing the field,” says M\u00e4ntysaari.<\/p>\n More information:<\/strong> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProvided by \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCitation<\/strong>: \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHeikki M\u00e4ntysaari et al, Collision-Energy Dependence in Heavy-Ion Collisions from Nonlinear QCD Evolution, Physical Review Letters (2025). DOI: 10.1103\/gf4y-p5j7<\/a>. OnarXiv: DOI: 10.48550\/arxiv.2502.05138<\/a><\/p>\n
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUniversity of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4<\/a>
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImproved models of heavy ion collisions reveal new details of early universe nuclear matter (2025, September 29)
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tretrieved 29 September 2025
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfrom https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2025-09-heavy-ion-collisions-reveal-early.html\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/p>\n
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