{"id":395736,"date":"2025-11-22T00:09:20","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T00:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/395736\/"},"modified":"2025-11-22T00:09:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T00:09:20","slug":"widely-tunable-and-narrow-linewidth-violet-lasers-enabled-by-uv-transparent-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/395736\/","title":{"rendered":"Widely tunable and narrow-linewidth violet lasers enabled by UV-transparent materials"},"content":{"rendered":"<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"1.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Ludlow, A. D., Boyd, M. M., Ye, J., Peik, E. &amp; Schmidt, P. O. Optical atomic clocks. Rev. Modern Phys. <b>87<\/b>, 637\u2013701 (2015).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"2.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Poli, N. et al. A transportable strontium optical lattice clock. Appl. Phys. B <b>117<\/b>, 1107\u20131116 (2014).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"3.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Moody, G. et al. 2022 Roadmap on integrated quantum photonics. J. Phys. Photon. <b>4<\/b>, 012501 (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"4.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Monroe, C. &amp; Kim, J. Scaling the Ion Trap Quantum Processor. Science <b>339<\/b>, 1164\u20131169 (2013).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"5.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Pogorelov, I. et al. Compact ion-trap quantum computing demonstrator. PRX Quant. <b>2<\/b>, 020343 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"6.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Mehta, K. K. et al. Integrated optical addressing of an ion qubit. Nat. Nanotechnol. <b>11<\/b>, 1066\u20131070 (2016).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"7.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Ivory, M. et al. Integrated optical addressing of a trapped ytterbium ion. Phys. Rev. X <b>11<\/b>, 041033 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"8.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Niffenegger, R. J. et al. Integrated multi-wavelength control of an ion qubit. Nature <b>586<\/b>, 538\u2013542 (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"9.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Roeloffzen, C. G. et al. Low-loss Si3N4 TriPleX optical waveguides: technology and applications overview. IEEE J. Select. Top. Quant. Electron. <b>24<\/b>, 1\u201321 (2018).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"10.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Blumenthal, D. J., Heideman, R., Geuzebroek, D., Leinse, A. &amp; Roeloffzen, C. Silicon nitride in silicon photonics. Proceedings of the IEEE <b>106<\/b>, 2209\u20132231 (2018).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"11.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Blatt, R., H\u00e4ffner, H., Roos, C. F., Becher, C. &amp; Schmidt-Kaler, F. Ion Trap Quantum Computing with Ca+ Ions. Quant. Inform. Process. <b>3<\/b>, 61\u201373 (2004).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"12.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Nop, G. N., Paudyal, D. &amp; Smith, J. D. H. Ytterbium ion trap quantum computing: the current state-of-the-art. AVS Quant. Sci. <b>3<\/b>, 044101 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"13.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Corato-Zanarella, M., Ji, X., Mohanty, A. &amp; Lipson, M. Absorption and scattering limits of silicon nitride integrated photonics in the visible spectrum. Opt. Express <b>32,<\/b> 5718\u20135728 (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"14.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">West, G. N. et al. Low-loss integrated photonics for the blue and ultraviolet regime. APL Photon. <b>4<\/b>, 026101 (2019).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"15.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Lu, T.-J. et al. Aluminum nitride integrated photonics platform for the ultraviolet to visible spectrum. Opt. Express <b>26,<\/b> 11147\u201311160 (2018).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"16.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Weinberg, Z. A., Rubloff, G. W. &amp; Bassous, E. Transmission, photoconductivity, and the experimental band gap of thermally grown SiO2 films. Phys. Rev. B <b>19<\/b>, 3107 (1979).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"17.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">He, C. et al. Ultra-high Q alumina optical microresonators in the UV and blue bands. Opt. Express <b>31,<\/b> 33923\u201333929 (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"18.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Lin, C. et al. UV photonic integrated circuits for far-field structured illumination autofluorescence microscopy. Nat. Commun. <b>13<\/b>, 4360 (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"19.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Shin, W., Sun, Y., Soltani, M. &amp; Mi, Z. Demonstration of green and UV wavelength high Q aluminum nitride on sapphire microring resonators integrated with microheaters. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>118<\/b>, 211103 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"20.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Hendriks, W., Dawson, B., Mardani, S., Dijkstra, M. &amp; Garcia-Blanco, S. UV integrated photonics in sputter deposited aluminum oxide. Opt. Open (pre-print) (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"21.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Castillo, Z. A. et al. CMOS-fabricated ultraviolet light modulators using low-loss alumina piezo-optomechanical photonic circuits. ArXiv (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"22.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Hogle, C. W. et al. High-fidelity trapped-ion qubit operations with scalable photonic modulators. npj Quant. Inform. <b>9<\/b>, 74 (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"23.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Menssen, A. J. et al. Scalable photonic integrated circuits for high-fidelity light control. Optica <b>10<\/b>, 1366\u20131372 (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"24.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Fan, Y. et al. Hybrid integrated InP-Si3N4 diode laser with a 40-Hz intrinsic linewidth. Opt. Express <b>28<\/b>, 21713 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OE.398906\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OE.398906\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOE.398906\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OE.398906\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020OExpr..2821713F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitlSqt7rP\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32752444\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Hybrid%20integrated%20InP-Si3N4%20diode%20laser%20with%20a%2040-Hz%20intrinsic%20linewidth&amp;journal=Opt.%20Express&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOE.398906&amp;volume=28&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Fan%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"25.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Huang, D. et al. High-power sub-kHz linewidth lasers fully integrated on silicon. Optica <b>6<\/b>, 745\u2013752 (2019).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"26.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Boller, K. J. et al. Hybrid integrated semiconductor lasers with silicon nitride feedback circuits. Photonics <b>7<\/b>, 4 (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"27.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Franken, C. A. A. et al. Hybrid-integrated diode laser in the visible spectral range. Opt. Lett. <b>46<\/b>, 4904\u20134907 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"28.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Winkler, L. V. et al. Widely tunable and narrow-linewidth hybrid-integrated diode laser at 637 nm. Opt. Express <b>32<\/b>, 29710\u201329720 (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"29.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Wunderer, T. et al. Single-frequency violet and blue laser emission from AlGaInN photonic integrated circuit chips. Opt. Lett. <b>48<\/b>, 2781\u20132784 (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"30.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Corato-Zanarella, M. et al. Widely tunable and narrow-linewidth chip-scale lasers from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. Nat. Photon. <b>17<\/b>, 157\u2013164 (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"31.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Siddharth, A. et al. Near ultraviolet photonic integrated lasers based on silicon nitride. APL Photon. <b>7<\/b>, 046108 (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"32.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Tran, M. A. et al. Extending the spectrum of fully integrated photonics to submicrometre wavelengths. Nature <b>610<\/b>, 54\u201360 (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"33.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Liu, D. et al. 226 nm AlGaN\/AlN UV LEDs using p-type Si for hole injection and UV reflection. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>113<\/b>, 011111 (2018).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"34.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Hendriks, W. A. P. M. et al. Rare-earth ion doped Al2O3 for active integrated photonics. Adv. Phys. X <b>6<\/b>, 1833753 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"35.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Bonneville, D. B., Frankis, H. C., Wang, R. &amp; Bradley, J. D. B. Erbium-ytterbium co-doped aluminium oxide waveguide amplifiers fabricated by reactive co-sputtering and wet chemical etching. Opt. Express <b>28<\/b>, 30130\u201330140 (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"36.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Kneissl, M., Seong, T.-Y., Han, J. &amp; Amano, H. The emergence and prospects of deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode technologies. Nat. Photon. <b>13<\/b>, 233\u2013244 (2019).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"37.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Hjort, F. et al. A 310 nm optically pumped AlGaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. ACS Photon. <b>8<\/b>, 141 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"38.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Schwelb, O. &amp; Frigyes, I. Vernier operation of series-coupled optical microring resonator filters. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. <b>39<\/b>, 257\u2013261 (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"39.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Jakschik, S. et al. Crystallization behavior of thin ALD-Al2O3 films. Thin Solid Films <b>425<\/b>, 216\u2013220 (2003).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"40.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Jin, W. et al. Hertz-linewidth semiconductor lasers using CMOS-ready ultra-high-Q microresonators. Nat. Photon. <b>15<\/b>, 346-353 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"41.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Ranno, L. et al. Integrated Photonics Packaging: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Photon. <b>9<\/b>, 3467\u20133485 (2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"42.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">van Rees, A. et al. Ring resonator enhanced mode-hop-free wavelength tuning of an integrated extended-cavity laser. Opt. Express <b>28,<\/b> 5669\u20135683 (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"43.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">M\u00fcller, J. et al. Burn-in mechanism of 450 nm InGaN ridge laser test structures. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>95<\/b>, 051104 (2009).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"44.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Epping, J. P. et al. Hybrid Integrated Silicon Nitride Lasers (Proc. SPIE 11274, 2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"45.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Schawlow, A. L. &amp; Townes, C. H. Infrared and optical masers. Phys. Rev. <b>112<\/b>, 1940 (1958).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"46.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Dullo, F. T. et al. Low-loss, low-background aluminum oxide waveguide platform for broad-spectrum on-chip microscopy. Opt. Lett. <b>50<\/b>, 2159\u20132162 (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"47.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Zhao, R. et al. Hybrid dual-gain tunable integrated InP-Si3N4 external cavity laser. Opt. Express <b>29<\/b>, 10958\u201310966 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"48.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Komljenovic, T. et al. Widely tunable narrow-linewidth monolithically integrated external-cavity semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Select. Top. Quant. Electron. <b>21<\/b>, 214\u2013222 (2015).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"49.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Mardani, S., Dijkstra, M., Hendriks, W. A. P. M., Nijhuis-Groen, M. P. &amp; Garc\u00eda-Blanco, S. M. Low-loss chemical mechanically polished Al2O3 thin films for UV integrated photonics (23rd European Conference on Integrated Optics, 2022).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"50.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">McKay, E., Pruiti, N. G., May, S. &amp; Sorel, M. High-confinement alumina waveguides with sub-dB\/cm propagation losses at 450 nm. Sci. Rep. <b>13<\/b>, 19917 (2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"51.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Bruzewicz, C. D., Chiaverini, J., McConnell, R. &amp; Sage, J. M. Trapped-ion quantum computing: Progress and challenges. Appl. Phys. Rev. <b>6<\/b>, 021314 (2019).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"52.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Kolkowitz, S. et al. Gravitational wave detection with optical lattice atomic clocks. Phys. Rev. D <b>94<\/b>, 124043 (2016).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"53.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Sawamura, H., Toyoda, K. &amp; Urabe, S. Optimization of Doppler cooling of a single 40Ca+ Ion. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. <b>46<\/b>, 1713 (2007).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"54.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Chichibu, S. F. et al. Optical and structural studies in InGaN quantum well structure laser diodes. J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. B: Microelectron. Nanometer Struct. Process. Measure. Phenomena <b>19<\/b>, 2177\u20132183 (2001).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"55.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Romero-Garc\u00eda, S., Merget, F., Zhong, F., Finkelstein, H. &amp; Witzens, J. Visible wavelength silicon nitride focusing grating coupler with AlCu\/TiN reflector. Opt. Lett. <b>38<\/b>, 2521\u20132523 (2013).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"56.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Taylor, P. et al. Investigation of the 2S1\/2-2D5\/2 clock transition in a single ytterbium ion. Phys. Rev. A<b>56<\/b>, 2699 (1997).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"57.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Tsokos, C. et al. True time delay optical beamforming network based on hybrid InP-silicon nitride integration. J. Lightw. Technol. <b>39,<\/b> 5845\u20135854 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"58.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Epping, J. P. et al. High power, tunable, narrow linewidth dual gain hybrid laser. In Laser Congress 2019 (ASSL, LAC, LS&amp;C) (OSA).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"59.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Franken, C. A. A. et al. High-power and narrow-linewidth laser on thin-film lithium niobate enabled by photonic wire bonding. APL Photon. <b>10<\/b>, 026107 (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"60.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Franken, C. A. A. et al. Milliwatt-level UV generation using sidewall poled lithium niobate. ArXiv (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"61.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">van Emmerik, C. I. et al. Relative oxidation state of the target as guideline for depositing optical quality RF reactive magnetron sputtered Al2O3 layers. Opt. Mater. Express <b>10<\/b>, 1451\u20131462 (2020).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"62.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Saruwatari, M. &amp; Nawata, K. Semiconductor laser to single-mode fiber coupler. Appl. Opt. <b>18<\/b>, 1847\u20131856 (1979).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"63.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Donati, S. &amp; Horng, R. H. The diagram of feedback regimes revisited. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. <b>19<\/b>, 1500309 (2013).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"64.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Schoedl, T. et al. Facet degradation of GaN heterostructure laser diodes. J. Appl. Phys. <b>97<\/b>, 123102 (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"65.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Richter, L. E., Mandelberg, H. I., Kruger, M. S. &amp; McGrath, P. A. Linewidth determination from self-heterodyne measurements with subcoherence delay times. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. <b>22<\/b>, 2070\u20132074 (1986).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"66.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">van Rees, A. Widely-tunable and ultra-stable hybrid-integrated diode lasers. Ph.D. thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"67.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Lasher, G. &amp; Stern, F. Spontaneous and stimulated recombination radiation in semiconductors. Phys. Rev. <b>133<\/b>, A553 (1964).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"68.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Wenzel, H., Kantner, M., Radziunas, M. &amp; Bandelow, U. Semiconductor laser linewidth theory revisited. Appl. Sci. <b>11<\/b>, 6004 (2021).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"69.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Henry, C. Theory of the linewidth of semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. <b>18<\/b>, 259\u2013264 (1982).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"70.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Ujihara, K. Phase noise in a laser with output coupling. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. <b>20<\/b>, 814\u2013818 (1984).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"71.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Huang, G. et al. Thermorefractive noise in silicon-nitride microresonators. Phys. Rev. A <b>99<\/b>, 061801 (2019).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"72.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Kondratiev, N. &amp; Gorodetsky, M. Thermorefractive noise in whispering gallery mode microresonators: analytical results and numerical simulation. Phys. Lett. A <b>382<\/b>, 2265\u20132268 (2018).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"73.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Franta, D., Ne\u010das, D., Ohl\u00eddal, I. &amp; Giglia, A. Optical characterization of SiO2 thin films using universal dispersion model over wide spectral range. In Optical Micro- and Nanometrology VI, vol. 9890, 989014 (SPIE, 2016).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"74.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">Meng, F. W., Xu, B. &amp; Tian, Q. Growth of near-stoichiometric lithium tantalite crystal and its optical characterization. Adv. Mater. Res. <b>900<\/b>, 333\u2013336 (2014).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"75.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR75\">Zhu, D. et al. Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate. Adv. Opt. Photon. <b>13<\/b>, 242 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/AOP.411024\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/AOP.411024\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FAOP.411024\" aria-label=\"Article reference 75\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/AOP.411024\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 75\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Integrated%20photonics%20on%20thin-film%20lithium%20niobate&amp;journal=Adv.%20Opt.%20Photon.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FAOP.411024&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Zhu%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"76.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR76\">Cody, G. Urbach edge of crystalline and amorphous silicon: a personal review. J. Non Cryst. Solids <b>141<\/b>, 3\u201315 (1992).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item\" data-counter=\"77.\">\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR77\">Chiles, J., Khan, S., Ma, J. &amp; Fathpour, S. High-contrast, all-silicon waveguiding platform for ultra-broadband mid-infrared photonics. Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>103<\/b> (2013).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ludlow, A. D., Boyd, M. M., Ye, J., Peik, E. &amp; Schmidt, P. O. Optical atomic clocks. Rev.&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":395737,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[10046,62058,10047,16251,492,159,134973,67,132,68],"class_list":{"0":"post-395736","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-physics","8":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","9":"tag-integrated-optics","10":"tag-multidisciplinary","11":"tag-nanophotonics-and-plasmonics","12":"tag-physics","13":"tag-science","14":"tag-semiconductor-lasers","15":"tag-united-states","16":"tag-unitedstates","17":"tag-us"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@us\/115590448585033926","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/395736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=395736"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/395736\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/395737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=395736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=395736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=395736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}