{"id":422570,"date":"2025-12-03T20:45:18","date_gmt":"2025-12-03T20:45:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/422570\/"},"modified":"2025-12-03T20:45:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T20:45:18","slug":"homo-sapiens-specific-evolution-unveiled-by-ancient-southern-african-genomes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/422570\/","title":{"rendered":"Homo\u00a0sapiens-specific evolution unveiled by ancient southern African genomes"},"content":{"rendered":"
  • \n

    Nielsen, R. et al. Tracing the peopling of the world through genomics. Nature 541<\/b>, 302\u2013310 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hublin, J.-J. et al. New fossils from jebel irhoud, morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens. Nature 546<\/b>, 289\u2013292 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Scerri, E. et al. Did our species evolve in subdivided populations across Africa, and why does it matter? Trends Ecol. Evol. 33<\/b>, 582 \u2013 594 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schlebusch, C. et al. Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago. Science 358<\/b>, 652\u2013655 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bergstrom, A., Stringer, C., Hajdinjak, M., Scerri, E. M. L. & Skoglund, P. Origins of modern human ancestry. Nature 590<\/b>, 229\u2013237 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ragsdale, A. P. et al. A weakly structured stem for human origins in Africa. Nature 620<\/b>, 755\u2013763 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schlebusch, C. M. et al. Khoe-San genomes reveal unique variation and confirm the deepest population divergence in Homo sapiens. Mol. Biol. Evol. 37<\/b>, 2944\u20132954 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jakobsson, M. et al. Genotype, haplotype and copy-number variation in worldwide human populations. Nature 451<\/b>, 998\u20131003 (2008).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tishkoff, S. et al. The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans. Science 324<\/b>, 1035\u20131044 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Verdu, P. et al. Origins and genetic diversity of pygmy hunter-gatherers from western Central Africa. Curr. Biol. 19<\/b>, 312\u2013318 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gronau, I., Hubisz, M., Gulko, J., Danko, B. & Siepel, C. Bayesian inference of ancient human demography from individual genome sequences. Nat. Genet. 43<\/b>, 1031\u20131035 (2011).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schlebusch, C. et al. Genomic variation in seven Khoe-San groups reveals adaptation and complex African history. Science 338<\/b>, 374\u2013379 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fan, S. et al. Whole-genome sequencing reveals a complex African population demographic history and signatures of local adaptation. Cell 186<\/b>, 923\u2013939 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fortes-Lima, C. A. et al. The genetic legacy of the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples in Africa. Nature 625<\/b>, 540\u2013547 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Breton, G. et al. BaTwa populations from Zambia retain ancestry of past hunter-gatherer groups. Nat. Commun. 15<\/b>, 7307 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Breton, G. et al. Ancient tree-topologies and gene-flow processes among human lineages in Africa. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.07.15.603519<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gretzinger, J. et al. 9,000 years of genetic continuity in southernmost Africa demonstrated at Oakhurst Rockshelter. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 8<\/b>, 2121\u20132134 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Llorente, M. et al. Ancient Ethiopian genome reveals extensive Eurasian admixture in Eastern Africa. Science 350<\/b>, 820\u2013822 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Skoglund, P. et al. Reconstructing prehistoric African population structure. Cell 171<\/b>, 59\u201371 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lipson, M. et al. Ancient DNA and deep population structure in sub-Saharan African foragers. Nature 603<\/b>, 290\u2013296 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lipson, M. et al. Ancient West African foragers in the context of African population history. Nature 577<\/b>, 665\u2013670 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sim\u00f5es, L. G. et al. Northwest African neolithic initiated by migrants from Iberia and Levant. Nature 618<\/b>, 550\u2013556 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    van de Loosdrecht, M. et al. Pleistocene North African genomes link near eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations. Science 360<\/b>, 548\u2013542 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lombard, M. et al. The southern African Stone Age sequence updated (II). S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 77<\/b>, 172\u2013212 (2022).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schlebusch, C., Lombard, M. & Soodyall, H. mtDNA control region variation affirms diversity and deep sub-structure in populations from southern Africa. BMC Evol. Biol. 13<\/b>, 56 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Naidoo, T. et al. Y-chromosome variation in southern African Khoe-San populations based on whole-genome sequences. Genome Biol. Evol. 12<\/b>, 1031\u20131039 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mallick, S. et al. The simons genome diversity project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations. Nature 538<\/b>, 201\u2013206 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Prendergast, M. E. et al. Ancient DNA reveals a multistep spread of the first herders into sub-Saharan Africa. Science 365<\/b>, eaaw6275 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cousins, T., Scally, A. & Durbin, R. A structured coalescent model reveals deep ancestral structure shared by all modern humans. Nat. Genet. 57<\/b>, 856\u2013864 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rito, T. et al. A dispersal of Homo sapiens from southern to Eastern Africa immediately preceded the out-of-Africa migration. Sci. Rep. 9<\/b>, 4728 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Phillipson, D. W African Archaeology (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    G\u00fcldemann, T. A linguist\u2019s view: Khoe-Kwadi speakers as the earliest food-producers of southern Africa. South. Afr. Humanit. 20<\/b>, 93\u2013132 (2008).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dusseldorp, G., Lombard, M. & Wurz, S. Pleistocene Homo and the updated Stone Age sequence of South Africa. S. Afr. J. Sci. 109<\/b>, 7 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Grine, F. in Hofmeyr: A Late Pleistocene Human Skull from South Africa 71\u2013118 (Springer, 2023).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lahr, M. & Foley, R. Towards a theory of modern human origins: geography, demography, and diversity in recent human evolution. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 27<\/b>, 137\u2013176 (1998).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bruner, E. & Lombard, M. The skull from Florisbad: a paleoneurological report. J. Anthropol. Sci. 98<\/b>, 89\u201397 (2020).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gr\u00fcn, R. et al. Direct dating of Florisbad hominid. Nature 382<\/b>, 500\u2013501 (1996).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rightmire, G. The Lake Ndutu cranium and early Homo sapiens in Africa. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 61<\/b>, 245\u2013254 (1983).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hammond, A. S., Royer, D. F. & Fleagle, J. G. The Omo-Kibish I pelvis. J. Hum. Evol. 108<\/b>, 199\u2013219 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Beaudet, A. et al. A reappraisal of the Border Cave 1 cranium (Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa). Quat. Sci. Rev. 282<\/b>, 107452 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Vidal, C. M. et al. Age of the oldest known Homo sapiens from Eastern Africa. Nature 601<\/b>, 579\u2013583 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wadley, L. What stimulated rapid, cumulative innovation after 100,000 years ago? J. Archaeol. Method Theory 28<\/b>, 120\u2013141 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zilhao, J. The emergence of ornaments and art: an archaeological perspective on the origins of \u201cbehavioral modernity\u201d. J. Archaeol. Res. 15<\/b>, 1\u201354 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pinson, A. et al. Human TKTL1 implies greater neurogenesis in frontal neocortex of modern humans than Neanderthals. Science 377<\/b>, eabl6422 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zeberg, H., Jakobsson, M. & Paabo, S. The genetic changes that shaped Neandertals, Denisovans, and modern humans. Cell 187<\/b>, 1047\u20131058 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kuhlwilm, M. & Boeckx, C. A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins. Sci. Rep. 9<\/b>, 8463 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lappalainen, T., Li, Y., Ramachandran, S. & Gusev, A. Genetic and molecular architecture of complex traits. Cell 187<\/b>, 1059\u20131075 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Adeyemo, A. A., Shriner, D., Bentley, A. R., Gbadegesin, R. A. & Rotimi, C. N. Evolutionary genetics and acclimatization in nephrology. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 17<\/b>, 827\u2013839 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pontzer, H. et al. Evolution of water conservation in humans. Curr. Biol. 31<\/b>, 1804\u20131810 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Engelken, J. et al. Extreme population differences in the human zinc transporter ZIP4 (SLC39A4) are explained by positive selection in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Genet. 10<\/b>, e1004128 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hogg, A. et al. SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0-50,000 years cal bp. Radiocarbon 55<\/b>, 1889\u20131903 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ramsey, C. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 51<\/b>, 337\u2013360 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hogg, A. et al. SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere calibration, 0-55,000 years cal bp. Radiocarbon 62<\/b>, 759\u2013778 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yang, D. Y., Eng, B., Waye, J. S., Dudar, J. C. & Saunders, S. R. Improved DNA extraction from ancient bones using silica-based spin columns. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 105<\/b>, 539\u2013543 (1998).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Malmstr\u00f6m, H. et al. More on contamination: the use of asymmetric molecular behavior to identify authentic ancient human DNA. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24<\/b>, 998\u20131004 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Dabney, J. et al. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a Middle Pleistocene cave bear reconstructed from ultrashort DNA fragments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110<\/b>, 15758\u201315763 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Meyer, M. & Kircher, M. Illumina sequencing library preparation for highly multiplexed target capture and sequencing. Cold Spring Harb. Protoc. 2010<\/b>, pdb.prot5448 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    G\u00fcnther, T. et al. Ancient genomes link early farmers from Atapuerca in Spain to modern-day Basques. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112<\/b>, 11917\u201311922 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Briggs, A. & Heyn, P. in Ancient DNA 143\u2013154 (Springer, 2012).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kircher, M. in Ancient DNA 197\u2013228 (Springer, 2012).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schubert, M., Lindgreen, S. & Orlando, L. AdapterRemoval v2: rapid adapter trimming, identification, and read merging. BMC Res. Notes 9<\/b>, 88 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, H. & Durbin, R. Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows\u2013Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics 25<\/b>, 1754\u20131760 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Skoglund, P. et al. Separating endogenous ancient DNA from modern day contamination in a Siberian Neandertal. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111<\/b>, 2229\u20132234 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, H. et al. The Sequence Alignment\/Map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 25<\/b>, 2078\u20132079 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Skoglund, P. et al. Origins and genetic legacy of neolithic farmers and hunter-gatherers in Europe. Science 336<\/b>, 466\u2013469 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Green, R. E. et al. A complete neandertal mitochondrial genome sequence determined by high-throughput sequencing. Cell 134<\/b>, 416\u2013426 (2008).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fu, Q. et al. A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes. Nat. Rev. Genet. 23<\/b>, 553\u2013559 (2013).<\/p>\n

    CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jun, G. et al. Detecting and estimating contamination of human DNA samples in sequencing and array-based genotype data. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91<\/b>, 839\u2013848 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Skoglund, P., Stor\u00e5, J., G\u00f6therstr\u00f6m, A. & Jakobsson, M. Accurate sex identification of ancient human remains using DNA shotgun sequencing. J. Archaeol. Sci. 40<\/b>, 4477\u20134482 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Weissensteiner, H. et al. HaploGrep 2: mitochondrial haplogroup classification in the era of high-throughput sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 44<\/b>, W58\u2013W63 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Van Oven, M. Phylotree build 17: growing the human mitochondrial DNA tree. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser. 5<\/b>, e392\u2013e394 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    van Oven, M., Van Geystelen, A., Kayser, M., Decorte, R. & Larmuseau, M. Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome. Hum. Mutat. 35<\/b>, 187\u2013191 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bergstr\u00f6m, A. et al. Insights into human genetic variation and population history from 929 diverse genomes. Science 367<\/b>, eaay5012 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Price, A. et al. Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies. Nat. Genet. 38<\/b>, 904\u2013909 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Patterson, N., Price, A. & Reich, D. Population structure and eigenanalysis. PLoS Genet. 2<\/b>, e190 (2006).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Alexander, D., Novembre, J. & Lange, K. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res. 19<\/b>, 1655\u20131664 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Skoglund, P. et al. Genetic evidence for two founding populations of the Americas. Nature 525<\/b>, 104\u2013108 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    McKenna, J., Bernhardsson, C., Waxman, D., Jakobsson, M. & Sj\u00f6din, P. Investigating population continuity and ghost admixture among ancient genomes. Hum. Popul. Genet. Genom. 4<\/b>, 0009 (2024).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Pr\u00fcfer, K. snpAD: an ancient DNA genotype caller. Bioinformatics 34<\/b>, 4165\u20134171 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Danecek, P. et al. Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools. GigaScience 10<\/b>, giab008 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schiffels, S. & Durbin, R. Inferring human population size and separation history from multiple genome sequences. Nat. Genet. 46<\/b>, 919\u2013925 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Xu, L. et al. VCF2Dis: an ultra-fast and efficient tool to calculate pairwise genetic distance and construct population phylogeny from VCF files. GigaScience 14<\/b>, giaf032 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Danecek, P. et al. The variant call format and VCFtools. Bioinformatics 27<\/b>, 2156\u20132158 (2011).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Weir, B. S. & Cockerham, C. C. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38<\/b>, 1358\u20131370 (1984).<\/p>\n

    CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sj\u00f6din, P., McKenna, J. & Jakobsson, M. Estimating divergence times from DNA sequences. Genetics 217<\/b>, iyab008 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cingolani, P. et al. A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms, SnpEff: SNPs in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster strain w1118;\u2009iso-2;\u2009iso-3. Fly 6<\/b>, 80\u201392 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jakobsson, M. et al. Data for \u2018Homo-sapiens-specific evolution unveiled by ancient southern African genomes\u2019. Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17295109<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nielsen, R. et al. Tracing the peopling of the world through genomics. Nature 541, 302\u2013310 (2017). Article\u00a0 ADS\u00a0…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":422571,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[85272,15578,97573,15574,10046,10047,159,67,132,68],"class_list":{"0":"post-422570","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-science","8":"tag-biological-anthropology","9":"tag-evolutionary-biology","10":"tag-evolutionary-genetics","11":"tag-genetic-variation","12":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","13":"tag-multidisciplinary","14":"tag-science","15":"tag-united-states","16":"tag-unitedstates","17":"tag-us"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@us\/115657594464070360","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=422570"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422570\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/422571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=422570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=422570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=422570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}