As the Trump administration phases out the use of animal experimentation across the federal government, a biotech startup has a bold idea for an alternative to animal testing: nonsentient \u201corgan sacks.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bay Area-based R3 Bio has been quietly pitching the idea to investors and in industry<\/a> publications<\/a> as a way to replace lab animals without the ethical issues that come with living organisms. That\u2019s because these structures would contain all of the typical organs\u2014except a brain, rendering them unable to think or feel pain. The company\u2019s long-term goal, cofounder Alice Gilman says, is to make human versions that could be used as a source of tissues and organs for people who need them.<\/p>\n For Immortal Dragons, a Singapore-based longevity fund that\u2019s invested in R3, the idea of replacement is a core strategy for human longevity. \u201cWe think replacement is probably better than repair when it comes to treating diseases or regulating the aging process in the human body,\u201d says CEO Boyang Wang. \u201cIf we can create a nonsentient, headless bodyoid for a human being, that will be a great source of organs.\u201d<\/p>\n For now, R3 is aiming to make monkey organ sacks. \u201cThe benefit of using models that are more ethical and are exclusively organ systems would be that testing can be meaningfully more scalable,\u201d Gilman says. (R3\u2019s name comes from the philosophy in animal research known as the three R\u2019s<\/a>\u2014replacement, reduction, and refinement\u2014developed by British scientists William Russell and Rex Burch in 1959 to promote humane experimentation.)<\/p>\n New drugs are often tested in monkeys before they\u2019re given to human participants in clinical trials. For instance, monkeys were critical during the Covid-19 pandemic for testing vaccines and therapeutics. But they\u2019re also an expensive resource, and their numbers are dwindling in the US after China banned the export of nonhuman primates in 2020.<\/p>\n Animal rights activists have long pushed to end research on monkeys, and one of the seven federally funded primate research facilities across the country has signaled<\/a> it would consider shutting down and transitioning into a sanctuary amid growing pressure. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is also winding down monkey research<\/a>, part of a bigger trend across the government to reduce reliance on animal testing.<\/p>\n As a result, Gilman says, there aren\u2019t enough research monkeys left in the US to allow for necessary research if another pandemic threat emerges. Enter organ sacks.<\/p>\n Organ sacks would in theory offer advantages over existing organs-on-chips or tissue models<\/a>, which lack the full complexity of whole organs, including blood vessels.<\/p>\n Gilman says it\u2019s already possible to create mouse organ sacks that lack a brain, though she and cofounder John Schloendorn deny that R3 has made them. (For the record, Gilman doesn\u2019t like the term \u201cbrainless\u201d to describe the organ sacks. \u201cIt’s not missing anything, because we design it to only have the things we want,\u201d she says.) Gilman and Schloendorn would not say how exactly they plan to create the monkey and human organ sacks, but said they are exploring a combination of stem-cell technology and gene editing.<\/p>\n It\u2019s plausible that organ sacks could be grown from induced pluripotent stem cells, says Paul Knoepfler, a stem cell biologist at the University of California, Davis. These stem cells come from adult skin cells and are reprogrammed to an embryonic-like state. They have the potential to form into any cell or tissue in the body and have been used to create embryo-like structures<\/a> that resemble the real thing. By editing these stem cells, scientists could disable genes needed for brain development. The resulting embryo could then be incubated until it grows into organized organ structures.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"As the Trump administration phases out the use of animal experimentation across the federal government, a biotech startup…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":677543,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[3425,1761,3653,30258,210,42065,67,132,68],"class_list":["post-677542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-health","tag-animals","tag-biology","tag-biotech","tag-ethics","tag-health","tag-organ-transplants","tag-united-states","tag-unitedstates","tag-us"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@us\/116282323559600211","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/677542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=677542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/677542\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/677543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=677542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=677542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=677542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}