{"id":817884,"date":"2026-05-24T00:16:53","date_gmt":"2026-05-24T00:16:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/817884\/"},"modified":"2026-05-24T00:16:53","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T00:16:53","slug":"illinois-250-celebrating-the-states-fabulous-firsts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/817884\/","title":{"rendered":"Illinois 250: Celebrating the state&#8217;s fabulous firsts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This Fourth of July the United States marks its 250th anniversary (or semiquincentennial) of existence. Some might be conflicted when it comes to celebrating our divided country this year. And, it turns out, some <a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-chicagos-fourth-of-july\/197910715\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chicagoans in 1876<\/a>\u00a0felt the same way.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSince the (Civil) War, the average Chicagoan has taken comparatively little interest in \u2018the day we celebrate,&#8217;\u201d the Tribune observed on July 5, 1876. \u201cNothing of (the Fourth of July) remains to-day, so far as Chicago is concerned, save a large number of headaches, the smoldering ruins of a few small-sized conflagrations, an occasional thumbless hand, and a general feeling of used-upness.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA hundred years hence, (people) may search the files of the Tribune of the century previous to ascertain how the then half-million population of Chicago celebrated the first Centennial of the nation\u2019s existence for the purpose of instituting a kind of Plutarchian comparison between the days that were and the days that are. \u2026 and they will do just as Chicago did yesterday.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Yes, fireworks, cookouts and parades will still mark the occasion. And there likely will be much reflection on the country\u2019s ingenuity and tenacity \u2014 including that shown by the Prairie State over the past 250 years.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why the Tribune is taking a look back at what the Chicago area and the state of Illinois have uniquely contributed to the nation \u2014 and the world \u2014 from scientific inventions and pioneering businesses to food, culture, sports and transportation modernizations.<\/p>\n<p>The seven-part series starts today and will run each Sunday leading up to the July 4 weekend. . Expect about 35 items each week in our attempt to compile a list of 250.<\/p>\n<p>This week\u2019s focus is fabulous firsts \u2014 ideas that took root here in Illinois before they captured the world\u2019s attention. You\u2019ll learn that our state is home to giants of industry and innovation. Entrepreneurs have launched first-of-their-kind ventures here. We have welcomed diversity, better representation, empowerment and demonstration on behalf of people of color, the LGBTQ+ community, those with disabilities and women.<\/p>\n<p>Our residents have perfected techniques to help save lives of people, animals and the environment. Some Chicagoans have been honored for their work with awards \u2014 including the Nobel Prize \u2014 or lifetime achievement honors. Others have been declared saintly for their devotion to the sick and poor. Then there are people or events we might prefer to forget for they have brought death or destruction. But combined with the good, these are the things that make up the fabric of the place we live.<\/p>\n<p>Here, in chronological order, is a handpicked list \u2014 by no means a comprehensive one \u2014 of homegrown accomplishments to celebrate this year.<\/p>\n<p>Oldest Black-founded town in the United States (1836) and first majority-Black town in America (1873)<\/p>\n<ul class=\"mng-gallery-initialized mng-gallery-slider\">\n<li data-index=\"1\" class=\"mng-ge mng-gallery-active\" id=\"mng-ge-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Brooklyn residents Amir Watson, right, and Promise Houston ride bikes...\" class=\"size-article_inline\"   src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois44-x-01.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Brooklyn residents Amir Watson, right, and Promise Houston ride bikes on Madison Street on Nov. 24, 2024. Brooklyn, Illinois, is considered to be one of the country&#8217;s first Black settlements, the first majority-Black town in America to incorporate and the oldest such town still in existence today. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"2\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An aerial view of Brooklyn, Illinois, on Nov. 25, 2024,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois65_217273674.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois65_217273674.jpg\"\/>\n<p>An aerial view of Brooklyn, Illinois, on Nov. 25, 2024, shows the railroad tracks, vacant lots, single-family homes and churches that make up much of the tiny village&#8217;s footprint.\u00a0It&#8217;s considered to be one of the country&#8217;s first Black settlements, the first majority-Black town in America to incorporate and the oldest such-town still in existence today.\u00a0(E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"3\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Historic photographs of Brooklyn from the collection of Magnolia Johnson,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois07_217082628.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois07_217082628.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Historic photographs of Brooklyn from the collection of Magnolia Johnson, considered one of Brooklyn&#8217;s resident historians, Nov. 12, 2024. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"4\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Brooklyn Mayor Trenton Atkins, photographed Nov. 12, 2024, said he...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois17_238336240.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois17_238336240.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Brooklyn Mayor Trenton Atkins, photographed Nov. 12, 2024, said he is not waiting around for the federal government. \u201cWe\u2019re trying to put ourselves in a position where when things get better,\u201d he said, \u201cwe\u2019ll be ready.\u201d (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"5\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-4\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Brooklyn hopes to redevelop the former grocery store, and later...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois18_238336244.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois18_238336244.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Brooklyn hopes to redevelop the former grocery store, and later roller rink, at Madison and South 5th streets into a community center, Nov. 24, 2024. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"6\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Brooklyn native and Chicago resident Tracy Crawford Kincaide sings at...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois01_237455820-e1758292788950.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois01_237455820-e1758292788950.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Brooklyn native and Chicago resident Tracy Crawford Kincaide sings at the Historical Society of Brooklyn Illinois Gathering in the Wilderness History and Heritage Day event on Sept. 13, 2025. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"7\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-6\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Illinois State Archaeological Survey archeologist Erin Benson digs at a...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois09_237456058.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois09_237456058.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Illinois State Archaeological Survey  archeologist Erin Benson digs at a site on the north side of Brooklyn, Illinois, on Sept. 13, 2025. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"8\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-7\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Hakeem Abdul-Rasheed examines artifacts found in a Illinois State Archaeological...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois05_237455796.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois05_237455796.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Hakeem Abdul-Rasheed examines artifacts found in a Illinois State Archaeological Survey dig at a site on the north side of Brooklyn on Sept. 13, 2025. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"9\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-8\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Illinois State Archaeological Survey archeologist Erin Benson digs at a...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois13_237456032.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois13_237456032.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Illinois State Archaeological Survey  archeologist Erin Benson digs at a site on the north side of Brooklyn, Illinois, on Sept. 13, 2025. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"10\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-9\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The newly installed Freedom Village and Priscilla \u00e2\u0080\u009dMother\u00e2\u0080\u009d Baltimore monument...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois11_237456028.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois11_237456028.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The newly installed Freedom Village and Priscilla \u201dMother\u201d Baltimore monument on the north side of Brooklyn on, Sep. 16, 2025. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"11\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-10\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Brooklyn residents at the Historical Society of the Brooklyn Illinois...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois06_237455926.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois06_237455926.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Brooklyn residents at the Historical Society of the Brooklyn Illinois Gathering in the Wilderness History and Heritage Day on Sept. 13, 2025. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"12\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-11\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kids play in Brooklyn Community Park, a park built with...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois19_217082732.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois19_217082732.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Kids play in Brooklyn Community Park, a park built with money from money laundering fines paid by brothel owners, Nov. 11, 2024. The fines currently funds scholarships for local students.(E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"13\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-12\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Glen Chatman and Irene Henry chat after Sunday service at...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois28.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois28.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Glen Chatman and Irene Henry chat after Sunday service at Brooklyn&#8217;s Quinn Chapel AME church Nov. 24, 2024. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"14\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-13\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ledger from 1893 from Brooklyn Village Council meetings in the...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois56.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois56.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Ledger from 1893 from Brooklyn Village Council meetings in the collection of former Brooklyn Mayor Nathaniel O&#8217;Bannon III. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"15\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Brooklyn's post office waits to be repaired months after a...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois14.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois14.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Brooklyn&#8217;s post office waits to be repaired months after a motorist drove into the building. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"16\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-15\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Quinn Chapel AME church, though likely founded earlier, was established...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois43.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois43.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Quinn Chapel AME church, though likely founded earlier, was established at this location on North Fifth Street in 1839. It was rebuilt after a fire in 1878 on the same location, and is the same building where the congregation meets. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"17\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Fragment of a metal bowl or ladle, likely from around...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois32.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois32.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Fragment of a metal bowl or ladle, likely from around the 1890s, unearthed in Brooklyn, Illinois, in an Illinois State Archaeological Survey excavation. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"18\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-17\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Silhouettes evoking Brooklyn\u00e2\u0080\u0099s role as a stop on the Underground...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois45.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois45.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Silhouettes evoking Brooklyn\u2019s role as a stop on the Underground Railroad outside Quinn Chapel AME church. The figures were put there with the help of students and staff at Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville and are the first pieces of what the Rev. Aurelia Jackson envisions will be a replica of Brooklyn&#8217;s early days. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"19\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-18\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pottery fragments, dated to the 1830s, unearthed in Brooklyn, Illinois,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois34.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois34.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pottery fragments, dated to the 1830s, unearthed in Brooklyn, Illinois, during an Illinois State Archaeological Survey excavation. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"20\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-19\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Former Brooklyn Mayor Nathaniel O'Bannon III, 66, on Nov. 12,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois53.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois53.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Former Brooklyn Mayor Nathaniel O&#8217;Bannon III, 66, on Nov. 12, 2024, in his home that&#8217;s been in his family since 1929. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"21\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A portrait shows the great-grandparents of former Brooklyn Mayor Nathaniel...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois55.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois55.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A portrait shows the great-grandparents of former Brooklyn Mayor Nathaniel O&#8217;Bannon III, 66. &#8220;We&#8217;re right at the pinnacle of it all,&#8221; he said of Brooklyn, standing outside his home on the east side of town that has been in his family since 1929. &#8220;And that&#8217;s a beautiful thing. We&#8217;re one of the ones that is still existing \u2014 a government established by Black people.&#8221; (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"22\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-21\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Fragment of a Cairns Timmerman Block &amp; Co. soda bottle...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois31.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois31.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Fragment of a Cairns Timmerman Block &amp; Co. soda bottle from the 1850s to 1860s, unearthed in Brooklyn, Illinois, in an Illinois State Archaeological Survey. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"23\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-22\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Grave marker for the Henry Hawkins family in the Brooklyn...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois49.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois49.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Grave marker for the Henry Hawkins family in the Brooklyn cemetery on Eagle Park Road in Brooklyn, Illinois, on Nov. 25, 2024. Henry Hawkins Sr. was born into slavery in Kentucky. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"24\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-23\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Strip clubs located off of Illinois Route 3 in Brooklyn,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois16.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois16.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Strip clubs located off of Illinois Route 3 in Brooklyn, Illinois, are seen on Nov. 23, 2024. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"25\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Prince Wells III, 71, a trumpet player and retired Southern...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois64.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-Brooklyn-Illinois64.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Prince Wells III, 71, a trumpet player and retired Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville professor whose family lineage in Brooklyn dates back to before incorporation, on Nov. 24, 2024. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Show Caption<\/p>\n<p>1 of 25<\/p>\n<p>Brooklyn residents Amir Watson, right, and Promise Houston ride bikes on Madison Street on Nov. 24, 2024. Brooklyn, Illinois, is considered to be one of the country&#8217;s first Black settlements, the first majority-Black town in America to incorporate and the oldest such town still in existence today. (E. Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" class=\"icon-enlarge mng-gallery-fullscreen-expand\" aria-label=\"Expand fullscreen slideshow\">Expand<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2021\/02\/12\/flashback-tucked-away-in-rural-illinois-is-the-site-of-americas-first-town-founded-by-a-free-black-man-his-descendants-want-you-to-know-its-history\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2021\/02\/12\/flashback-tucked-away-in-rural-illinois-is-the-site-of-americas-first-town-founded-by-a-free-black-man-his-descendants-want-you-to-know-its-history\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Free Frank McWorter<\/a>\u00a0was an enterprising enslaved Kentucky man who purchased freedom for his pregnant wife, Lucy, then his own, by manufacturing and selling a component of gunpowder and fertilizer. He\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-freed-from-obscurity-ch\/197805779\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-freed-from-obscurity-ch\/197805779\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">moved his family to Illinois<\/a>, a free state, in 1831. McWorter bought 80 acres for $100 and in 1836 founded New Philadelphia, a promising city of brotherly love, in Pike County, 20 miles from the slave state of Missouri. The town was dissolved around 1880, about a decade after the railroad notably bypassed it. But two groups work tirelessly to tell Free Frank\u2019s story \u2014 his descendants, spread widely across the country, and a small group of local residents who form the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/newphiladelphiail.org\/\" data-mrf-link=\"http:\/\/newphiladelphiail.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">New Philadelphia Association<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Established in the early 1830s as a refuge for free and enslaved Black people and incorporated in 1873, Brooklyn is nestled on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River across from St. Louis. It was once a key outpost on the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/09\/14\/illinois-underground-railroad-tribune-series-shines-light-on-freedom-seekers-journeys-through-state\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/09\/14\/illinois-underground-railroad-tribune-series-shines-light-on-freedom-seekers-journeys-through-state\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Underground Railroad<\/a> and, later, a welcoming beacon for those fleeing the Jim Crow South. It was a thriving, close-knit community where, at its peak, more than 2,500 lived under the town motto: \u201cFounded by Chance, Sustained by Courage.\u201d In the last 70 years, though, Brooklyn has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/01\/05\/brooklyn-americas-oldest-black-town\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">spiraled toward extinction<\/a>. A group of tireless advocates and historians are trying to save it.<\/p>\n<p>First state to ratify the 13th Amendment (1865)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Illinois' copy of the 13th Amendment, which banned slavery in the U.S., bears the signature of President Abraham Lincoln. Graphic Conservation Co. head conservator Christina Marusich points to the signature on the document, which was in Chicago for preservation on Nov. 17, 2011. (Antonio Perez\/Chicago Tribune)\" width=\"3000\" height=\"443\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-MET-AJ-WEEK-13th-AMENDMENT_189002365.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36372421\" \/>Head conservator Christina Marusich, of Graphic Conservation Co., points to the signature of President Abraham Lincoln on Nov. 17, 2011, on a copy of the 13th Amendment, which banned slavery in the U.S. (Antonio Perez\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>A prominent anti-slavery battleground state, Illinois was prime\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/09\/14\/illinois-underground-railroad-tribune-series-shines-light-on-freedom-seekers-journeys-through-state\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/09\/14\/illinois-underground-railroad-tribune-series-shines-light-on-freedom-seekers-journeys-through-state\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Underground Railroad<\/a>\u00a0territory. The 13th Amendment, which banned slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-editorial-the-constitut\/197799089\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-editorial-the-constitut\/197799089\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">passed by the U.S. House<\/a>\u00a0119-56 on Jan. 31, 1865, several months after the Senate had approved it. The Tribune called the action,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-the-day-of-doom-to-man-s\/197799936\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-the-day-of-doom-to-man-s\/197799936\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cthe day of doom to man selling.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>First statewide organization advocating for women\u2019s voting rights (1869)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"On June 26, 1913, Gov. Edward F. Dunne of Illinois, seated, signed the Suffrage Bill that gave Illinois women the right to vote. Dunne signed the bill in the presence of his wife and suffragette leaders Grace Wilbur Trout, Elizabeth Booth, Antoinette Funk and Margaret Haley. (Acme)\" width=\"5146\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-89415569.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36404292\" \/>On June 26, 1913, Gov. Edward F. Dunne of Illinois, seated, signed the Suffrage Bill that gave Illinois women the right to vote. Dunne signed the bill in the presence of his wife and suffragette leaders Grace Wilbur Trout, Elizabeth Booth, Antoinette Funk and Margaret Haley. (Acme)<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagology.com\/prefire\/prefire183\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagology.com\/prefire\/prefire183\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Illinois Woman Suffrage Association<\/a> met Feb. 11-12, 1869, at Library Hall in Chicago. Orators included\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-illinois-woman-suffrage\/197815380\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-illinois-woman-suffrage\/197815380\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Susan B. Anthony<\/a>\u00a0and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.<\/p>\n<p>Gov. Edward Dunne signed the Illinois Suffrage Act into law in 1913, giving women the right to vote for president, as well as municipal officers. This made Illinois the first state east of the Mississippi River to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2022\/05\/27\/vintage-editorial-a-celebration-of-womens-suffrage-it-has-been-a-long-fight-and-a-hard-one\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2022\/05\/27\/vintage-editorial-a-celebration-of-womens-suffrage-it-has-been-a-long-fight-and-a-hard-one\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">empower women<\/a>\u00a0to vote for president. And on June 10, 1919, Illinois\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/articles\/illinois-and-the-19th-amendment.htm#:~:text=On%20June%2010%2C%201919%2C%20Illinois,to%20approve%20the%20wrong%20language.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/articles\/illinois-and-the-19th-amendment.htm#:~:text=On%20June%2010%2C%201919%2C%20Illinois,to%20approve%20the%20wrong%20language.\">became one of the first states<\/a>\u00a0to ratify the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, which would give women the right to vote. After Tennessee\u2019s ratification two months later, the 19th Amendment was added to the Constitution.<\/p>\n<p>First upright farm silo (1873)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"A silo is used for storage on a farm off North Dwight Road in Morris on Sept. 20, 2024. (Tess Crowley\/Chicago Tribune)\" width=\"4517\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-mississippi-low-levels0016_205880758-e1779293669436.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36407526\" \/>A silo is used for storage on a farm off North Dwight Road in Morris on Sept. 20, 2024. (Tess Crowley\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>Grain was stored in pits during the 1800s, which made it susceptible to spoilage. University of Illinois graduate\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2013\/10\/28\/the-farm-silo-1873\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2013\/10\/28\/the-farm-silo-1873\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Fred Hatch<\/a> convinced his father, Lewis Hatch, to build up instead of down on the family\u2019s farm near Spring Grove in McHenry County. The Hatches lined a 6-foot pit with rocks and mortar and kept building higher \u2014 extending the walls 16 feet high inside their family barn. They constructed the floor of the new structure out of double-ply floorboard lined with tar paper.<\/p>\n<p>The design made it faster to fill, pack and empty, and set the stage for another agricultural invention \u2014 putting a separate roof on the silo, and building it outside.<\/p>\n<p>The original silo no longer stands, but\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/asabe.org\/about-us\/about-asabe\/history\/asabe-historic-landmarks\/tower-silo-1984\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/asabe.org\/about-us\/about-asabe\/history\/asabe-historic-landmarks\/tower-silo-1984\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a plaque<\/a> acknowledging its existence was added to the site by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers in 1984. Today it\u2019s part of <a href=\"https:\/\/files.mccdistrict.org\/\/All%20Sites\/Nippersink%20Canoe%20Trail%202.0%20Map.pdf?t=202505071054000&amp;t=202505071054000\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/files.mccdistrict.org\/\/All%20Sites\/Nippersink%20Canoe%20Trail%202.0%20Map.pdf?t=202505071054000&amp;t=202505071054000\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lyle C. Thomas Park<\/a>, 7816 Blivin St., in Spring Grove.<\/p>\n<p>World\u2019s first skyscraper (1884)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"The Home Insurance Building in Chicago is considered the world's first modern skyscraper. It was designed by William Le Baron Jenney and had an interior metal frame to support its weight. The building was demolished in 1931. (Chicago History Museum)\" width=\"1589\" height=\"878\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-TMA88595851.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36404464\" \/>The Home Insurance Building in Chicago is considered the world&#8217;s first modern skyscraper, built in 1884. It was designed by William Le Baron Jenney and had an interior metal frame to support its weight. The building was demolished in 1931. (Chicago History Museum)<\/p>\n<p>A permit was issued on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/1997\/02\/20\/march-1-1884\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/1997\/02\/20\/march-1-1884\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">March 1, 1884<\/a>, for the construction of a nine-story structure at the northeast corner of LaSalle and Adams streets in downtown Chicago. This office building, for the Home Insurance Co., was designed by architect William Le Baron Jenney and completed the following year. For the first time, a skeleton of metal, rather than walls of masonry, formed the main supporting material for a large commercial tower. The Home Insurance Building was <a class=\"link \" href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-issue-permit-for-chicago\/166883294\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-ylk=\"slk:demolished;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" data-yga=\"{&quot;yLinkElement&quot;:&quot;context_link&quot;,&quot;yModuleName&quot;:&quot;content-canvas&quot;,&quot;yLinkText&quot;:&quot;demolished&quot;}\" data-rapid_p=\"74\" data-v9y=\"1\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-issue-permit-for-chicago\/166883294\/\">demolished<\/a>\u00a0in 1931 to make way for the 42-story\u00a0<a class=\"link \" href=\"https:\/\/chicagology.com\/skyscrapers\/skyscrapers018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-ylk=\"slk:Field Building;elm:context_link;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" data-yga=\"{&quot;yLinkElement&quot;:&quot;context_link&quot;,&quot;yModuleName&quot;:&quot;content-canvas&quot;,&quot;yLinkText&quot;:&quot;Field Building&quot;}\" data-rapid_p=\"75\" data-v9y=\"1\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagology.com\/skyscrapers\/skyscrapers018\/\">Field Building<\/a>, which became the city\u2019s next largest office building.<\/p>\n<p>First Ferris wheel (1893)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"The first Ferris wheel was built by George W. Ferris for the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893 in Chicago. (Chicago Herald-American)\" width=\"2975\" height=\"336\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-HIST-white_city_013_181871571.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36373011\" \/>The first Ferris wheel was built by George W. Ferris for the World&#8217;s Columbian Exposition in 1893 in Chicago. (Chicago Herald-American)<\/p>\n<p>Visitors boarded the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-taking-a-spin-with-ferri\/174432341\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-taking-a-spin-with-ferri\/174432341\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the giant wheel<\/a>\u00a0during its debut on June 15, 1893, at the World\u2019s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Imagined and built by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2016\/05\/15\/history-of-the-ferris-wheel-1893-original-was-taller-than-navy-piers\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2016\/05\/15\/history-of-the-ferris-wheel-1893-original-was-taller-than-navy-piers\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.<\/a>, the ride stood a staggering 264 feet tall, its cars were 24 feet long, 13 feet wide and 10 feet high, and the whole construction weighed 26,000 pounds.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"5gd5lTtvoW\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/08\/11\/vintage-chicago-tribune-for-your-amusement-pleasure-parks-of-bygone-summers\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vintage Chicago Tribune: For your amusement \u2014 pleasure parks of bygone summers<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cIt seemed as if 100,000 gazed in trembling and anticipation of something awful from the earth below,\u201d a Tribune reporter aboard one of the cars recounted. \u201cThe stream of humanity along the Midway ceased its movement and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-trial-trip-of-the-ferris\/174432464\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-trial-trip-of-the-ferris\/174432464\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">gazed at the monster wheel.<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The wheel was moved to St. Louis for the 1904 World\u2019s Fair, then <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2016\/05\/15\/history-of-the-ferris-wheel-1893-original-was-taller-than-navy-piers\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2016\/05\/15\/history-of-the-ferris-wheel-1893-original-was-taller-than-navy-piers\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">destroyed in 1906<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>First serial killer in the United States (1893)<\/p>\n<ul class=\"mng-gallery-initialized mng-gallery-slider\">\n<li data-index=\"1\" class=\"mng-ge mng-gallery-active\" id=\"mng-ge-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Convicted serial killer Herman Webster Mudgett, better known by his...\" class=\"size-article_inline\"   src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229051299.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Convicted serial killer Herman Webster Mudgett, better known by his alias H.H. Holmes, is considered America&#8217;s first serial killer. The photos of Holmes originally appeared in the book &#8220;The Holmes-Pitezel Case: A History of the Greatest Crime of the Century&#8221; by Frank P. Geyer. (Chicago History Museum)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"2\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The exterior of H.H. Holmes' World's Fair Hotel on West...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229051307.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229051307.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The exterior of H.H. Holmes&#8217; World&#8217;s Fair Hotel on West 63rd Street in Chicago. It would become known as the &#8220;Murder Castle.&#8221; The photo originally appeared in the book &#8220;The Holmes-Pitezel Case: A History of the Greatest Crime of the Century&#8221; by Frank P. Geyer. (Chicago History Museum)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"3\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The H.H. Holmes \" murder=\"\" castle=\"\" in=\"\" chicago=\"\" march=\"\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-holmesjpg-CT0023185808.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-holmesjpg-CT0023185808.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The H.H. Holmes &#8220;Murder Castle&#8221; in Chicago in March 1937. The building at 601-603 West 63rd Street was sold in 1938 and razed to make way for the Englewood post office. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Show Caption<\/p>\n<p>1 of 3<\/p>\n<p>Convicted serial killer Herman Webster Mudgett, better known by his alias H.H. Holmes, is considered America&#8217;s first serial killer. The photos of Holmes originally appeared in the book &#8220;The Holmes-Pitezel Case: A History of the Greatest Crime of the Century&#8221; by Frank P. Geyer. (Chicago History Museum)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" class=\"icon-enlarge mng-gallery-fullscreen-expand\" aria-label=\"Expand fullscreen slideshow\">Expand<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Herman Mudgett \u2014 the man who became infamous as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2014\/10\/24\/chicagos-first-serial-killer\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2014\/10\/24\/chicagos-first-serial-killer\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">H.H. Holmes<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 preyed mainly on naive and gullible women who wouldn\u2019t be missed amid the thousands of tourists streaming into Chicago\u2019s fashionable Englewood neighborhood to attend the \u201cWhite City\u201d of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/05\/25\/vintage-chicago-tribune-worlds-columbian-exposition-1893-and-century-of-progress-1933-1934\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/05\/25\/vintage-chicago-tribune-worlds-columbian-exposition-1893-and-century-of-progress-1933-1934\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World\u2019s Columbian Exposition<\/a>\u00a0of 1893. Many of Holmes\u2019 dealings in his so-called \u201cMurder Castle\u201d at 610 W. 63rd St., however,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/05\/16\/130-years-later-was-hh-holmes-englewood-murder-castle-the-house-of-horror-legends-claim-it-wasnt-even-a-hotel-experts-say\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/05\/16\/130-years-later-was-hh-holmes-englewood-murder-castle-the-house-of-horror-legends-claim-it-wasnt-even-a-hotel-experts-say\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">were fabrications<\/a>. He\u00a0left the city in summer 1894 before he was linked to any murders. It was only after his subsequent arrest in Boston and confessions that his Chicago activities were scrutinized.<\/p>\n<p>First open-heart surgery (1893)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"In 1893, Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, a pioneering Black surgeon, performed the first successful suture of a human heart and pericardium at Provident Hospital in Chicago. (Chicago Tribune archive)\" width=\"1890\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-190257339-e1779292560689.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36404857\" \/>In 1893, Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, a pioneering Black surgeon, performed the first successful suture of a human heart and pericardium at Provident Hospital in Chicago. (Chicago Tribune archive)<\/p>\n<p>The procedure was performed at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2013\/10\/31\/open-heart-surgery-1893\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2013\/10\/31\/open-heart-surgery-1893\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Provident Hospital<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 the city\u2019s first interracial hospital \u2014 on Chicago\u2019s South Side. The patient was James Cornish, a young man with a knife wound to the chest from a barroom brawl. The surgeon, who had gone into medicine because he disliked earlier work as a shoemaker\u2019s apprentice, was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-recalls-hospitals-found\/176125900\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-recalls-hospitals-found\/176125900\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Daniel Hale Williams<\/a>. Both patient and surgeon were Black.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"nyi74jYRNI\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2024\/02\/15\/vintage-chicago-tribune-inventions-and-innovations-by-black-chicagoans\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vintage Chicago Tribune: Inventions and innovations by Black Chicagoans<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Despite lacking X-rays, antibiotics, adequate anesthesia or other tools of modern surgery, Williams stepped in. Cornish lived, and Williams went on to acclaim. Williams was appointed in 1894 as chief surgeon at the Freedmen\u2019s Hospital in Washington, D.C., which gave care to formerly enslaved Blacks.<\/p>\n<p>First organized automobile race in the nation (1895)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Chicago's first auto race is about to start in Jackson Park on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 28, 1895. (Chicago Times-Herald)\" width=\"6204\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-249929122.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"30008883\" \/>Chicago&#8217;s first auto race is about to start in Jackson Park on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 28, 1895. (Chicago Times-Herald)<\/p>\n<p>The 55-mile route started in Chicago\u2019s Jackson Park \u2014 amid snow and slush \u2014 and ended in Evanston. Of the seven competitors, only two crossed the finish line. A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-duryea-motocycle-wins-th\/185702320\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-duryea-motocycle-wins-th\/185702320\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Duryea \u201cmotocycle\u201d won the race<\/a>. The other five, according to the Tribune, \u201cwere lost \u2014 wandering aimlessly about the streets of Chicago or lying wrecked in some gutter along the way.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>F<strong>irst juvenile court (1899)<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Cook County Juvenile Court building in Chicago, circa 1939. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) \" width=\"5604\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-81871199.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36407255\" \/>Cook County Juvenile Court building in Chicago, circa 1939. (Chicago Tribune historical photo)<\/p>\n<p>Judge\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-obituary-for-richard-s\/197809553\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-obituary-for-richard-s\/197809553\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Richard S. Tuthill<\/a>, a Civil War veteran, presided over the first case on July 3, 1899.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"nsM0QECBwW\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/11\/19\/chicagos-trailblazing-first-female-judge-known-for-looking-after-juveniles-stating-there-are-no-bad-children\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chicago\u2019s trailblazing first female judge known for looking after juveniles, stating, \u2018There are no bad children\u2019<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Lena Campbell of 84 Hudson St. accused her 11-year-old son, <a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-new-court-begins-work-c\/197809650\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-new-court-begins-work-c\/197809650\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Henry Campbell<\/a>, of larceny. Instead of sending the boy to a penal institution, Tuthill <a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-juvenile-court-a-child\/197809725\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-juvenile-court-a-child\/197809725\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sent the boy to New York<\/a>\u00a0to live with his grandmother. For thousands of children, the \u201cchild-saver\u201d experiment was a huge success, and it expanded to all 50 states.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Greatest ship canal ever constructed\u2019 (1900)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"The earth section of the Sanitary and Ship Canal was constructed by horse-drawn graders, which scraped up the earth and dumped it into accompanying wagons. The first water trickled into the finished Sanitary and Ship Canal from Lake Michigan at Needle Dam on Jan. 2, 1900. (Chicago Tribune archive) \" width=\"5663\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-26344057.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36405163\" \/>The earth section of the Sanitary and Ship Canal was constructed by horse-drawn graders, which scraped up the earth and dumped it into accompanying wagons. The first water trickled into the finished Sanitary and Ship Canal from Lake Michigan at Needle Dam on Jan. 2, 1900. (Chicago Tribune archive)<\/p>\n<p>The <a class=\"link \" href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2013\/10\/29\/reversing-the-chicago-river-1900\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-ylk=\"elm:link;elmt:article_link;slk:Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" data-yga=\"{&quot;yLinkElement&quot;:&quot;context_link&quot;,&quot;yModuleName&quot;:&quot;content-canvas&quot;,&quot;yLinkText&quot;:&quot;Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal&quot;}\" data-rapid_p=\"77\" data-v9y=\"1\">Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal<\/a>\u00a0(a project long championed by the Tribune) was\u00a0<a class=\"link \" href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-turn-the-chicago-river-i\/161958418\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-ylk=\"elm:link;elmt:article_link;slk:completed;itc:0;sec:content-canvas\" data-yga=\"{&quot;yLinkElement&quot;:&quot;context_link&quot;,&quot;yModuleName&quot;:&quot;content-canvas&quot;,&quot;yLinkText&quot;:&quot;completed&quot;}\" data-rapid_p=\"78\" data-v9y=\"1\">completed<\/a> on Jan. 2, 1900, after <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2021\/01\/29\/flashback-in-the-battle-against-cholera-a-creative-city-engineer-raised-streets-tunneled-into-the-lake-and-reversed-the-river\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">eight years of work<\/a> by 8,500 laborers. \u201cThe opening of the greatest ship canal ever constructed in America and the informal completion of one of the engineering feats in the world\u2019s history was accomplished without ceremony,\u201d the Tribune reported.<\/p>\n<p>First American to win a Nobel Prize (1907)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Nobel Prize-winning professor Albert A. Michelson of the University of Chicago in an undated photo. (University of Chicago)\" width=\"5631\" height=\"311\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-albert-michelsonjpg-CT0133237505.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"17377855\" \/>Nobel Prize-winning professor Albert A. Michelson of the University of Chicago in an undated photo. (University of Chicago)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-prof-michelson-wins-nob\/185796054\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-prof-michelson-wins-nob\/185796054\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Albert A. Michelson<\/a>, the first head of the physics department at the University of Chicago, won the first Nobel Prize in science.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"O3VibYAaap\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/12\/07\/vintage-chicago-tribune-nobel-prize-winners-with-chicago-connections\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vintage Chicago Tribune: Nobel Prize winners with Chicago connections<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The U.S. Naval Academy graduate measured the speed of light with unsurpassed accuracy and built several machines for studying the length of light waves.<\/p>\n<p>First U.S. city to require pasteurization of milk (1908)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Health Commissioner Herman Bundesen examens samples of impure milk in his laboratory, circa 1925. Editors' note: this historic print shows some hand painting. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) \" width=\"4396\" height=\"556\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229051269.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36405257\" \/>Health Commissioner Herman Bundesen examens samples of impure milk in his laboratory, circa 1925. Editors&#8217; note: This historic print shows some hand painting. (Chicago Tribune historical photo)<\/p>\n<p>All milk producers in Chicago \u2014 as of Jan. 1, 1909 \u2014 were required by ordinance to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-milk-pure-after-january\/187099940\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-milk-pure-after-january\/187099940\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">provide \u201cpure milk\u201d<\/a> that had either been treated to remove pathogens or certify that the milk they sold was produced from healthy cows. The union of milk shippers almost unanimously agreed to the arrangement during a meeting on Dec. 21, 1908, at 10 S. Clark St. The measure was championed by the city\u2019s first health commissioner,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2951959\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2951959\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">William A. Evans<\/a>, who sought to prevent tuberculosis and other debilitating diseases in children. Evans also contributed a column in the Tribune called\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/1997\/06\/08\/a-daily-house-call-helps-keep-city-fit\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/1997\/06\/08\/a-daily-house-call-helps-keep-city-fit\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cHow to Keep Well,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0which debuted Sept. 10, 1911. The first of its kind in a daily newspaper, it was syndicated and later widely imitated.<\/p>\n<p>America\u2019s first recorded commercial aviation disaster (1919)<\/p>\n<ul class=\"mng-gallery-initialized mng-gallery-slider\">\n<li data-index=\"1\" class=\"mng-ge mng-gallery-active\" id=\"mng-ge-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A few minutes after this photo was taken in Grant...\" class=\"size-article_inline\"   src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-226345067.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A few minutes after this photo was taken in Grant Park on July 21, 1919, the Wingfoot Air Express blimp crashed through the skylight roof of the Illinois Savings and Trust Bank in Chicago&#8217;s Loop, killing 14 people. (ACME) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"2\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Debris is scattered throughout the Illinois Trust and Savings Building...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-188768501-e1779292973572.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-188768501-e1779292973572.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Debris is scattered throughout the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago after the Wingfoot Air Express plunged through the ceiling of the building on July 21, 1919. (Chicago Tribune archive) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"3\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The Wingfoot Air Express blimp crashed into the Illinois Trust...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-0506-EM_229057111-e1779294724914.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-0506-EM_229057111-e1779294724914.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The Wingfoot Air Express blimp crashed into the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank building in Chicago on July 21, 1919. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"4\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A crowd gathers outside the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-26345073.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-26345073.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A crowd gathers outside the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank on Jackson Boulevard after the Wingfoot Air Express dirigible crashed through the rooftop skylight, killing 14 people on July 21, 1919, in Chicago. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"5\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-4\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A composite illustration shows the Wingfoot Air Express blimp as...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-0506-EM_229057105.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-0506-EM_229057105.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A composite illustration shows the Wingfoot Air Express blimp as it crashed into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago on July 21, 1919. (Chicago Tribune historical illustration)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"6\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The Wingfoot Air Express dirigible in Grant Park in July...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229051729-e1779294799658.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229051729-e1779294799658.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The Wingfoot Air Express dirigible in Grant Park in July 1919. The Wingfoot crashed through the skylight of the Illinois Trust and Savings bank, causing a fire and killing many people. (Chicago Tribune archive)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"7\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-6\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The wrecked motor of the Wingfoot Air Express sits in...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-226345061.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-226345061.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The wrecked motor of the Wingfoot Air Express sits in the bank&#8217;s rotunda in July 1919. One person was crushed to death beneath it. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"8\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-7\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A hole was left in the roof of the Illinois...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-226345063-e1779294780256.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-226345063-e1779294780256.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A hole was left in the roof of the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank where the Wingfoot Air Express dirigible fell through the skylight of the building in downtown Chicago on July 21, 1919. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"9\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-8\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The marble-columned rotunda of the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-226345075.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-226345075.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The marble-columned rotunda of the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank, which became an inferno after the Wingfoot Air Express crashed into it through the skylight above this area on July 21, 1919. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Show Caption<\/p>\n<p>1 of 9<\/p>\n<p>A few minutes after this photo was taken in Grant Park on July 21, 1919, the Wingfoot Air Express blimp crashed through the skylight roof of the Illinois Savings and Trust Bank in Chicago&#8217;s Loop, killing 14 people. (ACME) <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" class=\"icon-enlarge mng-gallery-fullscreen-expand\" aria-label=\"Expand fullscreen slideshow\">Expand<\/a><\/p>\n<p>For most of the day on July 21, 1919, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2012\/05\/06\/18-years-before-the-hindenburg-a-blimp-disaster-hit-the-loop\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2012\/05\/06\/18-years-before-the-hindenburg-a-blimp-disaster-hit-the-loop\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wingfoot Air Express<\/a>\u00a0airship cruised above the city. At about 5 p.m., however, the dirigible\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-blimp-burns-kills-11-c\/197861691\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-blimp-burns-kills-11-c\/197861691\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">hurtled through a lobby skylight<\/a>\u00a0of the Illinois Trust &amp; Savings Bank at 231 S. LaSalle St., killing 13 people and injuring 28. Nobody was charged. Nobody was tried. No definitive cause was reported, though the Tribune ran one story attributing the explosion to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-grand-jury-to-fix-blame\/197861953\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-grand-jury-to-fix-blame\/197861953\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">static spark<\/a>\u00a0lighting the highly flammable hydrogen gas.<\/p>\n<p>First public display of a \u2018talking\u2019 movie (1922)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"University of Illinois professor\u00a0Joseph Tykociner\u00a0gave the first public demonstration of his\u00a0&quot;sound on film&quot; invention on June 9, 1922. In one of the segments, Tykociner's wife, Helena, shown here in a screengrab, rings a bell while saying, &quot;I will ring \u2026 Did you hear the bell ringing?&quot; (University of Illinois Archives)\" width=\"1416\" height=\"255\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-tykociner-sound-film_262817115.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36413947\" \/>University of Illinois professor Joseph Tykociner gave the first public demonstration of his &#8220;sound on film&#8221; invention on June 9, 1922. In one of the segments, Tykociner&#8217;s wife, Helena, shown here in a screengrab, rings a bell while saying, &#8220;I will ring \u2026 Did you hear the bell ringing?&#8221; (University of Illinois Archives)<\/p>\n<p>University of Illinois professor\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.illinois.edu\/view\/6231\/513698\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/blogs.illinois.edu\/view\/6231\/513698\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Joseph Tykociner<\/a>\u00a0gave the first public demonstration on June 9, 1922, of his\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.champaigncountyhistory.org\/single-post\/the-forgotten-hero-of-film-joseph-tykociner-s-work-on-sound-on-film-at-uiuc\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.champaigncountyhistory.org\/single-post\/the-forgotten-hero-of-film-joseph-tykociner-s-work-on-sound-on-film-at-uiuc\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u201csound on film\u201d invention<\/a>. The sound recording \u2014 which was converted to a light pattern on film \u2014 was played in real time with the film.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mediaspace.illinois.edu\/media\/Joseph+T.+TykocinerA+Demonstration+of+Sound+on+Film+Technology+++Audiovisual+Digital+Surrogates+from+the+Joseph+T.+Tykociner+Papers%2C+Series++11+6+20\/1_ggqu09n9\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/mediaspace.illinois.edu\/media\/Joseph+T.+TykocinerA+Demonstration+of+Sound+on+Film+Technology+++Audiovisual+Digital+Surrogates+from+the+Joseph+T.+Tykociner+Papers%2C+Series++11+6+20\/1_ggqu09n9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Video of Tykociner\u2019s presentation<\/a> was captured and later restored by the National Film Preservation Foundation. One of the segments shows Tykociner\u2019s wife, Helena, ringing a bell while saying, \u201cI will ring \u2026 Did you hear the bell ringing?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>First LGBTQ rights organization (1924)<\/p>\n<ul class=\"mng-gallery-initialized mng-gallery-slider\">\n<li data-index=\"1\" class=\"mng-ge mng-gallery-active\" id=\"mng-ge-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pioneer gay civil-rights activist Henry Gerber lived from 1924 to...\" class=\"size-article_inline\"   src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229050405.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pioneer gay civil-rights activist Henry Gerber lived from 1924 to 1925 at 1710 N. Crilly Ct., a small 2 1\/2 -story Queen Anne row house, in the Old Town Triangle district in Chicago. (Chicago Tribune archive) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"2\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"In the mid-1920s, Henry Gerber lived at 1710 N. Crilly...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-HENRY-GERBER-CT0135687287.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-HENRY-GERBER-CT0135687287.jpg\"\/>\n<p>In the mid-1920s, Henry Gerber lived at 1710 N. Crilly Court in Chicago, which is on the National Historic Register, June 6, 2024. Gerber founded the Society for Human Rights, the first gay rights organization in the county. (Antonio Perez\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"3\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A card noting Henry Gerber's removal from employment with the...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-176606359.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-176606359.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A card noting Henry Gerber&#8217;s removal from employment with the Post Office is on display at the Gerber\/Hart Library and Archives at Howard Brown Health in Chicago on March 25, 2022. (Terrence Antonio James\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"4\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Norman Baugher cleans a plaque on June 18, 2002, that...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-190270023.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-190270023.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Norman Baugher cleans a plaque on June 18, 2002, that marks the home Henry Gerber at 1710 Crilly Ct., where Gerber founded the Society for Human Rights in 1924. (Chuck Berman\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Show Caption<\/p>\n<p>1 of 4<\/p>\n<p>Pioneer gay civil-rights activist Henry Gerber lived from 1924 to 1925 at 1710 N. Crilly Ct., a small 2 1\/2 -story Queen Anne row house, in the Old Town Triangle district in Chicago. (Chicago Tribune archive) <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" class=\"icon-enlarge mng-gallery-fullscreen-expand\" aria-label=\"Expand fullscreen slideshow\">Expand<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Postal clerk\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2024\/06\/09\/countrys-first-documented-gay-rights-organization-started-100-years-ago-in-old-town\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2024\/06\/09\/countrys-first-documented-gay-rights-organization-started-100-years-ago-in-old-town\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Henry Gerber<\/a>\u00a0formed the Society for Human Rights, but was soon arrested for being gay. Gerber was never convicted, but the publicity (including a newspaper headline reading \u201cStrange Sex Cult Exposed\u201d) led to his firing for conduct unbecoming of a postal worker. Before the group disbanded, it published \u201cFriendship and Freedom\u201d \u2014 the first American gay publication.<\/p>\n<p>Gerber\u2019s home at 1710 N. Crilly Court in the Old Town Triangle neighborhood was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2015\/06\/19\/henry-gerber-house-named-as-national-historic-landmark\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2015\/06\/19\/henry-gerber-house-named-as-national-historic-landmark\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">designated<\/a>\u00a0a National Historic Landmark in 2015.<\/p>\n<p>First U.S. airport and aviation school built, owned and operated by Black men (1931)<\/p>\n<ul class=\"mng-gallery-initialized mng-gallery-slider\">\n<li data-index=\"1\" class=\"mng-ge mng-gallery-active\" id=\"mng-ge-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"John Charles Robinson was a pioneer aviator from Chicago nicknamed...\" class=\"size-article_inline\"   src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229052987.jpg\"\/>\n<p>John Charles Robinson was a pioneer aviator from Chicago nicknamed the Brown Condor. Robinson started an airport in Robbins with Bessie Coleman and Cornelius Coffey. (Smithsonian Institution)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"2\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cornelius Coffey, shown here in 1951, trained more than 1,000...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-29044189.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-29044189.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Cornelius Coffey, shown here in 1951, trained more than 1,000 fledgling pilots, 200 of them for military forces. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"3\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Col. John C. Robinson, known as the Brown Condor, left,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229052985.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229052985.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Col. John C. Robinson, known as the Brown Condor, left, just before going up for a test flight recently, circa 1935. (ACME) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"4\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Aviator Col. John C. Robinson, of Chicago, is welcomed home,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229052989.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229052989.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Aviator Col. John C. Robinson, of Chicago, is welcomed home, circa 1936. Editors&#8217; note: This historic print has crop marks and has some hand-painting on it. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Show Caption<\/p>\n<p>1 of 4<\/p>\n<p>John Charles Robinson was a pioneer aviator from Chicago nicknamed the Brown Condor. Robinson started an airport in Robbins with Bessie Coleman and Cornelius Coffey. (Smithsonian Institution)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" class=\"icon-enlarge mng-gallery-fullscreen-expand\" aria-label=\"Expand fullscreen slideshow\">Expand<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Operating under the name the Challenger Air Pilots Association, Cornelius R. Coffey and John Charles Robinson began operations in 1931 along 139th Street in south suburban Robbins. Mayor Samuel Nichols, whose daughter <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2022\/08\/04\/star-trek-star-nichelle-nichols-was-branded-a-trailblazer-by-many-and-she-kept-in-touch-with-her-roots-in-robbins\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2022\/08\/04\/star-trek-star-nichelle-nichols-was-branded-a-trailblazer-by-many-and-she-kept-in-touch-with-her-roots-in-robbins\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nichelle Nichols<\/a>\u00a0notably was a trailblazing icon aboard another aircraft, Star Trek\u2019s USS Enterprise, helped them find land and labor to clear it for a hangar.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"OWMC80snkM\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/02\/27\/vintage-chicago-tribune-the-citys-groundbreaking-black-aviators\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vintage Chicago Tribune: The city\u2019s groundbreaking Black aviators<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The men were\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2024\/02\/17\/landmarks-roots-of-black-aviation-in-america-can-be-traced-to-a-short-flight-from-robbins-to-oak-lawn\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2024\/02\/17\/landmarks-roots-of-black-aviation-in-america-can-be-traced-to-a-short-flight-from-robbins-to-oak-lawn\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">initially denied admission<\/a>\u00a0to Curtiss-Wright Aeronautical University in Chicago because they were Black,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2022\/02\/06\/landmarks-abandoned-and-ravaged-by-vandals-a-mansion-built-by-an-influential-black-entrepreneur-poised-to-become-a-place-to-celebrate-robbins-history\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2022\/02\/06\/landmarks-abandoned-and-ravaged-by-vandals-a-mansion-built-by-an-influential-black-entrepreneur-poised-to-become-a-place-to-celebrate-robbins-history\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tyrone Haymore<\/a>, executive director of the Robbins Historical Society and Museum, told the Tribune. The Robbins Historical Museum now occupies part of the site. Both men were later allowed to attend Curtiss-Wright and graduated at the <a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-cornelius-coffey-chicag\/166795276\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-cornelius-coffey-chicag\/166795276\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">top of their class<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A windstorm destroyed their hangar and two airplanes in 1933, but they were welcomed to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/air-space-magazine\/the-other-harlem-5922057\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/air-space-magazine\/the-other-harlem-5922057\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Harlem Airport<\/a>\u00a0in Oak Lawn. There they trained hundreds of pilots \u2014 Black and white \u2014 together.<\/p>\n<p>First blood bank (1937)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"From left, technician Hale Erickson, Dr. Hjalmar Wallin and nurse Doris Stone check blood for count and storage in ice box at Cook County Hospital on March 14, 1947. (Hugh Sinclair\/ Chicago Tribune historical photo)\" width=\"5658\" height=\"517\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-CTHIST-cook-county-hospital-004_229046797.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36373438\" \/>Technician Hale Erickson, from left, Dr. Hjalmar Wallin and nurse Doris Stone check blood for count and storage in an ice box at Cook County Hospital on March 14, 1947. (Hugh Sinclair\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>Hungarian doctor\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-dr-bm-fantus-blood\/197804356\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-dr-bm-fantus-blood\/197804356\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bernard Fantus<\/a>\u00a0coined the term and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2014\/08\/06\/first-us-blood-bank-1937\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">established<\/a> a \u201cBlood Preservation Laboratory\u201d at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2020\/02\/21\/flashback-cook-county-hospital-was-home-to-big-egos-surgical-drama-and-stalwarts-who-found-purpose-in-treating-the-poor\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2020\/02\/21\/flashback-cook-county-hospital-was-home-to-big-egos-surgical-drama-and-stalwarts-who-found-purpose-in-treating-the-poor\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cook County Hospital<\/a> on March 15, 1937. His work showed that blood and its components (red cells, plasma, platelets, etc.) could be collected and then refrigerated for later use \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redcrossblood.org\/donate-blood\/how-to-donate\/types-of-blood-donations\/blood-components.html\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.redcrossblood.org\/donate-blood\/how-to-donate\/types-of-blood-donations\/blood-components.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">even a month or longer afterward<\/a>, in some instances.<\/p>\n<p>First live panda in captivity (1937)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Su-Lin, a baby giant panda, and her captor, Ruth Harkness of New York, who sold the panda to the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago for $20,000. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) \" width=\"5000\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229061189.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36407890\" \/>Su-Lin, a baby giant panda, and her captor, Ruth Harkness of New York, who sold the panda to the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago for $20,000. (Chicago Tribune historical photo)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2022\/08\/25\/vintage-chicago-tribune-how-brookfield-zoo-became-home-to-su-lin-the-first-live-panda-imported-from-china\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2022\/08\/25\/vintage-chicago-tribune-how-brookfield-zoo-became-home-to-su-lin-the-first-live-panda-imported-from-china\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Su-Lin<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 which loosely translates to mean \u201ca little bit of something very cute,\u201d and her guardian, Ruth Harkness, became instant celebrities when they arrived by boat in San Francisco in November 1936. Harkness, her partner Quentin Young and their crew discovered the baby panda in a hollow tree shortly after arriving in China\u2019s Sichuan Province earlier that month.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-su-lin-is-here-but-she\/164365245\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-su-lin-is-here-but-she\/164365245\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Brookfield Zoo<\/a>\u00a0became Su-Lin\u2019s home while Harkness returned to China to search for a mate for the panda. The animal died of pneumonia in 1938. It is now part of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=i_XuCV3Hs2s\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=i_XuCV3Hs2s\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Field Museum\u2019s<\/a>\u00a0taxidermy collection.<\/p>\n<p>First \u2018March Madness\u2019 (1939)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"The Chicago Bruins started their season in 1939 with, from left, Bill Phillips, forward; Frank Linskey, guard; Mike Novak, center; Wibs Kautz, guard; and Eddie Oram, guard. The team practiced under Coach Sam Lifschultz. Editors' note: this historic print shows a hand-painted background. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) \" width=\"6793\" height=\"292\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-226344533.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36407895\" \/>The Chicago Bruins started their season in 1939 with, from left, Bill Phillips, forward; Frank Linskey, guard; Mike Novak, center; Wibs Kautz, guard; and Eddie Oram, guard. The team practiced under Coach Sam Lifschultz. Editors&#8217; note: This historic print shows a hand-painted background. (Chicago Tribune historical photo)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/sports\/college\/ct-flashback-march-madness-spt-0315-20150314-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/sports\/college\/ct-flashback-march-madness-spt-0315-20150314-story.html\">Henry V. Porter<\/a>, an Illinois High School Association official who was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, is credited with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ihsa.org\/Sports-Activities\/March-Madness-Experience\/March-Madness-History#:~:text=A%20Tradition%20is%20Born,competing%20by%20the%20late%201930&#039;s.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"http:\/\/www.ihsa.org\/Sports-Activities\/March-Madness-Experience\/March-Madness-History#:~:text=A%20Tradition%20is%20Born,competing%20by%20the%20late%201930&#039;s.\">originally using the phrase<\/a>\u00a0in 1939 to describe the state\u2019s high school basketball tournament.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"rDlNUhb0Wf\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/03\/16\/vintage-chicago-tribune-march-madness-was-born-in-illinois-heres-history-of-chicago-teams-in-the-tournament\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vintage Chicago Tribune: March Madness was born in Illinois. Here\u2019s history of Chicago teams in the tournament.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The Tribune adopted it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/image\/349765648\/?terms=%22march%20madness%22%20basketball&amp;match=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/image\/349765648\/?terms=%22march%20madness%22%20basketball&amp;match=1\">in 1940<\/a>, but Porter\u2019s motto remained largely a regional phenomenon for four decades until CBS broadcaster\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncaa.com\/news\/basketball-men\/article\/2023-03-08\/march-madness-history-comprehensive-guide-mens-tournament#:~:text=The%20term%20&#039;March%20Madness&#039;%20was,coverage%20of%20the%201982%20tournament.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.ncaa.com\/news\/basketball-men\/article\/2023-03-08\/march-madness-history-comprehensive-guide-mens-tournament#:~:text=The%20term%20&#039;March%20Madness&#039;%20was,coverage%20of%20the%201982%20tournament.\">Brent Musburger<\/a>, a former Chicago newspaper reporter, began using it during the NCAA tournament in 1982.<\/p>\n<p>World\u2019s first sustained nuclear reaction (1942)<\/p>\n<ul class=\"mng-gallery-initialized mng-gallery-slider\">\n<li data-index=\"1\" class=\"mng-ge mng-gallery-active\" id=\"mng-ge-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The west stands of Stagg Field at the University of...\" class=\"size-article_inline\"   src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-181868671.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The west stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago in the mid-1940s. It was in a secret laboratory under the stands that physicist Enrico Fermi and a team of scientists achieved the first controlled and self-sustained nuclear reaction that led humanity into the Nuclear Age. (Argonne National Laboratory)  <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"2\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Physicist Enrico Fermi demonstrates his neutron velocity selector to Walter...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043495_590d82.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043495_590d82.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Physicist Enrico Fermi demonstrates his neutron velocity selector to Walter H. Zinn between sessions of a meeting of the Argonne National Laboratory on Dec. 2, 1946, commemorating the initial operation of the first self sustaining nuclear chain reaction. The meeting took place at the Museum of Science. (Ray Gora\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"3\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Standing on a rug that made history in the Orient...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043459-e1775142772743.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043459-e1775142772743.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Standing on a rug that made history in the Orient centuries ago, the modern history makers \u2014 the Atomic bomb scientists \u2014 are decorated by Major Gen. Leslie R. Groves, left, with the medal of merit on March 20, 1946, at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute in Chicago. The scientists are, from left, Harold C. Urey, Enrico Fermi, getting pinned, Samuel K. Allison, Cyril Smith and Robert S. Stone. (Joe Migon\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"4\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Louis Slotin, research assistant in the physics lab at the...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043453.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043453.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Louis Slotin, research assistant in the physics lab at the University of Chicago, is at the controls of the atom smasher on Jan. 13, 1941. Slotin was testing the 8,000,000-volt cyclotron at the university in preparation for a laboratory demonstration. (P.K. Burgess\/Chicago Tribune)  <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"5\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-4\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The first pile scientists at the University of Chicago on...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043491.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043491.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The first pile scientists at the University of Chicago on Dec. 2, 1946, the fourth anniversary of their success. Back row, from left, are Norman Hilberry, Samuel Allison, Thomas Brill, Robert G. Nobles, Warren Nyer and Marvin Wilkening. Middle row, from left, are Harold Agnew, William Sturm, Harold Lichtenberger, Leona W. Marshall and Leo Szilard. Front row, from left, are Enrico Fermi, Walter H. Zinn, Albert Wattenberg and Herbert L. Anderson. (Argonne National Laboratory)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"6\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Louis Slotin, research assistant in the physics lab at the...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043457.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043457.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Louis Slotin, research assistant in the physics lab at the University of Chicago, on Jan. 13, 1941. Slotin was testing the 8,000,000-volt cyclotron. (P.K. Burgess\/Chicago Tribune)  <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"7\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-6\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Joe Lillie does a dangerous job of machining uranium on...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043469-e1775146377347.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043469-e1775146377347.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Joe Lillie does a dangerous job of machining uranium on a lathe for the plutonium project on July 3, 1946, at the University of Chicago. (Frank Berger\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"8\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-7\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Technician Dorothy Qutt tests the hand counter for a plutonium...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043475.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043475.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Technician Dorothy Qutt tests the hand counter for a plutonium project at the University of Chicago on July 3, 1946. (Frank Berger\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"9\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-8\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Earl A. Evans Jr. places an isotope solution in a...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043471.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043471.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Earl A. Evans Jr. places an isotope solution in a water thermostat, the water at body temperature, on July 10, 1946, at the University of Chicago. (Ray Rising\/Chicago Herald American) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"10\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-9\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Enrico Fermi in his early days at the University of...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043493.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043493.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Enrico Fermi in his early days at the University of Chicago. (Argonne National Laboratory)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"11\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-10\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Louis Slotin, research assistant in the physics lab at the...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043455-e1775146350367.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043455-e1775146350367.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Louis Slotin, research assistant in the physics lab at the University of Chicago, adjusts an attachment on the 8,000,000-volt cyclotron on Jan. 13, 1941. The 80-ton machine will be used to create artificially radioactive substances that will be employed as &#8220;tracers&#8221; in treating cancer in blood forming organs. (P.K. Burgess\/Chicago Tribune)  <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"12\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-11\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Atom smashing equipment is unloaded from the Columbia Trans Co....\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043449-e1775146327583.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043449-e1775146327583.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Atom smashing equipment is unloaded from the Columbia Trans Co. steamship Buckeye on Nov. 13, 1948, at 9355 Kreiter Ave. The equipment was going to the University of Chicago. (Arnold Tolchin\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"13\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-12\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Part of the Cyclotron, a 2073 ton magnet, is brought...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043485.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043485.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Part of the Cyclotron, a 2073 ton magnet, is brought on a trailer to the basement of the Accelerator Building at the University of Chicago on Sept. 24, 1948, at 56th and Ellis Avenue. (Frank Berger\/Chicago Herald American) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"14\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-13\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Part of the Cyclotron, a 2073 ton magnet, is brought...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043487.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043487.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Part of the Cyclotron, a 2073 ton magnet, is brought on a trailer to the basement of the Accelerator Building at the University of Chicago on Sept. 24, 1948, at 56th and Ellis Avenue. (Frank Berger\/Chicago Herald American) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"15\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Richard H. Templeton and his son Richard III as they...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043451.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043451.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Richard H. Templeton and his son Richard III as they look at the immensity of the new University of Chicago atom smasher in the process of building on Nov. 14, 1948. (Irvin Heberg\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"16\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-15\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Harvey Patt, of the Argonne National Lab, conducts test for...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043481.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043481.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Harvey Patt, of the Argonne National Lab, conducts test for radiation sickness on May 18, 1949, at the University of Chicago. (Irvin Heberg\/Chicago Herald American) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"17\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Looking over the $2,200,00 Synchrocyclotron at the Accelerator Building at...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043463.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043463.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Looking over the $2,200,00 Synchrocyclotron at the Accelerator Building at the University of Chicago is Solomon Smith, from left, of Northern Trust Co., Joseph Capps, Harold Swift, the chairman of board at Swift and Co.; Merle J. Trees, of the Chicago Bridge Co.; Edward Ryerson, chairman of board at Inland Steel Co.; and Leroy Schwarcz, engineer on ladder, Oct. 28, 1949. (Howard Borvig\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"18\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-17\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Samuel K. Allison, director of the Institute of Nuclear Studies...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043479.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043479.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Samuel K. Allison, director of the Institute of Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago, is shown in the laboratory with a Kevatron, a Cockcroft-Walton circuit machine for high-voltage studies on Oct. 21, 1949. (Joe Mignon\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"19\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-18\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Donald W. Connor and Charles R. McKinney, both Betatron engineers,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043465-e1775143169253.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043465-e1775143169253.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Donald W. Connor and Charles R. McKinney, both Betatron engineers, discuss the 100,000,000 volts the Betatron controls on Oct. 28, 1949, at the Accelerator Building at Chicago University. The Betatron cost $225,000. (Howard Borvig\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"20\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-19\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Enrico Fermi at the controls of a 100-million-volt betatron at...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043489.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043489.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Enrico Fermi at the controls of a 100-million-volt betatron at the University of Chicago on May 2, 1950. (Chicago Tribune historical photo) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"21\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Eugene M.K. Geiling injects radioactive carbon dioxide into plants at...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043473.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043473.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Eugene M.K. Geiling injects radioactive carbon dioxide into plants at the University of Chicago on April 7, 1949. (Arnold Tolchin\/Chicago Herald American) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"22\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-21\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"John Marshall, assistant professor of physics at the University of...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043467.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043467.jpg\"\/>\n<p>John Marshall, assistant professor of physics at the University of Chicago, is shown with the completed synchrocyclotron, the most powerful known, on May 15, 1951. The $2,500,000 device accelerates protons, up to energies of 450 million electron volts. (Bill Allison\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"23\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-22\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The $11 million dollar Institute for Nuclear Studies opened on...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043461_e5265e-e1775143095497.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043461_e5265e-e1775143095497.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The $11 million dollar Institute for Nuclear Studies opened on May 16, 1951, at the University of Chicago. Front Row, from left, are T.H. Davies, Samuel K. Allison, Admiral Thorvald Solberg, Lawrence Kimpton, cutting ribbon; M.J. Kelly, Enrico Fermi, Gen. David M. Schlatter, Cryil S. Smith and Robert Wilson. The back row, from left to right, are Carid Bell, Thorfin Hogness and Monroe Spaght. (Howard Borvig\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"24\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-23\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Arthur H. Compton, left, chancellor of Washington University, listens to...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043447-e1775144003860.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229043447-e1775144003860.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Arthur H. Compton, left, chancellor of Washington University, listens to Enrico Fermi, builder of the first atomic pile, as he speaks at the tenth anniversary of the Atomic Age at the University of Chicago on Dec. 2, 1952. (Arnold Tolchin\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Show Caption<\/p>\n<p>1 of 24<\/p>\n<p>The west stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago in the mid-1940s. It was in a secret laboratory under the stands that physicist Enrico Fermi and a team of scientists achieved the first controlled and self-sustained nuclear reaction that led humanity into the Nuclear Age. (Argonne National Laboratory)  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" class=\"icon-enlarge mng-gallery-fullscreen-expand\" aria-label=\"Expand fullscreen slideshow\">Expand<\/a><\/p>\n<p>U.S. scientists and government officials (collectively known as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mapr\/index.htm#:~:text=The%20Manhattan%20Project%20is%20one,secret%20communities%20across%20the%20nation.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mapr\/index.htm#:~:text=The%20Manhattan%20Project%20is%20one,secret%20communities%20across%20the%20nation.\">Manhattan Project<\/a>) had to figure out how to create a nuclear <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/newscenter\/news\/what-is-nuclear-energy-the-science-of-nuclear-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/newscenter\/news\/what-is-nuclear-energy-the-science-of-nuclear-power\">chain reaction<\/a> before they could build an atomic bomb. That\u2019s just what a team gathered beneath the stands at Stagg Field on the University of Chicago campus on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2020\/08\/06\/flashback-chain-reaction-how-chicago-helped-give-birth-to-the-atomic-bomb-and-bring-an-end-to-wwii\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Dec. 2, 1942,<\/a> did with the world\u2019s first nuclear reactor \u2014 nicknamed <a href=\"https:\/\/news.uchicago.edu\/explainer\/first-nuclear-reactor-explained#visit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/news.uchicago.edu\/explainer\/first-nuclear-reactor-explained#visit\">Chicago Pile-1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"eOAEzFsijQ\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2022\/12\/15\/vintage-chicago-tribune-the-atomic-age-is-born-at-the-university-of-chicagos-football-stadium\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vintage Chicago Tribune: The Atomic Age is born at the University of Chicago\u2019s football stadium<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Why did this happen in Chicago? The city by the lake was an ideal location for several reasons. One, it had a huge pool of talent. Nobel Prize winner and physicist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/ct-xpm-1992-02-10-9201130159-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/ct-xpm-1992-02-10-9201130159-story.html\">Enrico Fermi<\/a>, who defected from Fascist-controlled Italy, was the team leader. Two, it was a central location away from the coasts, which were believed to be vulnerable to attack. Three, since the University of Chicago no longer had a football team, the project could be conducted in secrecy with added security on a former squash court underneath the football stadium\u2019s stands.<\/p>\n<p>Chicago\u2019s role in the breakthrough experiment wasn\u2019t revealed publicly until after the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-nw-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-anniversary-20200806-7ghkuaarwbanharfgmujcugpcy-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-nw-hiroshima-atomic-bomb-anniversary-20200806-7ghkuaarwbanharfgmujcugpcy-story.html\">first atomic bomb was dropped on Japan<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 nearly three years later.<\/p>\n<p>First Black-oriented magazine in the U.S. (1945)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"John H. Johnson, publisher of Ebony magazine, circa 1967. (Chicago Tribune archive) \" width=\"5504\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229048713.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36408595\" \/>John H. Johnson, publisher of Ebony magazine, circa 1967. (Chicago Tribune archive)<\/p>\n<p>First published on Nov. 1, 1945,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2020\/10\/30\/flashback-75-years-of-ebony-magazine-was-an-essential-voice-for-black-america\/?lctg=74FB74CAC5A2C5B5347DB43F7B&amp;utm_email=74FB74CAC5A2C5B5347DB43F7B&amp;active=no&amp;utm_source=listrak&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=https%3a%2f%2fwww.chicagotribune.com%2f2020%2f10%2f30%2fflashback-75-years-of-ebony-magazine-was-an-essential-voice-for-black-america%2f&amp;utm_campaign=trib-chicago_tribune-vintage_chicago_tribune-nl&amp;utm_content=Hybrid\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2020\/10\/30\/flashback-75-years-of-ebony-magazine-was-an-essential-voice-for-black-america\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ebony<\/a>\u00a0became an influential monthly lifestyle magazine based in Chicago that documented the African American experience for more than seven decades. The 25,000-copy press run of the inaugural 52-page issue sold out. By its 10th year, the magazine was being read by 500,000 people.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HLkHcqiGQN\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/02\/02\/vintage-chicago-tribune-10-longstanding-black-owned-businesses-to-support-all-year\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vintage Chicago Tribune: 10 longstanding Black-owned businesses to support all year<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Founded by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2005\/08\/09\/john-h-johnson-3\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2005\/08\/09\/john-h-johnson-3\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">John H. Johnson<\/a>, the monthly publication \u2014 focused like Life magazine on showing American lives \u2014 chronicled the achievements of those in the Black community. During its heyday, Ebony\u2019s reporters and photographers followed Martin Luther King Jr. from the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott to the 1965 Selma march, culminating in the assassinated civil rights leader\u2019s 1968 funeral.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2019\/04\/09\/johnson-publishing-once-chronicled-black-life-in-ebony-and-jet-it-sold-the-magazines-in-2016-and-now-its-going-out-of-business\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2019\/04\/09\/johnson-publishing-once-chronicled-black-life-in-ebony-and-jet-it-sold-the-magazines-in-2016-and-now-its-going-out-of-business\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Johnson Publishing<\/a>\u00a0went out of business in 2019, but the magazine\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebony.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.ebony.com\/\">lives on<\/a>\u00a0in a digital format and its\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.getty.edu\/news\/ford-getty-trust-macarthur-and-mellon-transfer-ebony-and-jet-photo-archive-to-getty-and-smithsonian\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.getty.edu\/news\/ford-getty-trust-macarthur-and-mellon-transfer-ebony-and-jet-photo-archive-to-getty-and-smithsonian\/\">incredible archives<\/a>\u00a0were acquired by a consortium that includes Getty and the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.<\/p>\n<p>First American canonized by the Roman Catholic Church (1946)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini. (The National Shrine of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini)\" width=\"2396\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-CTHIST-Mother-Cabrini-1_229055867.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"32769623\" \/>Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini. (The National Shrine of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/07\/10\/vintage-chicago-tribune-mother-cabrinis-chicago-milestones-on-her-path-to-sainthood\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/07\/10\/vintage-chicago-tribune-mother-cabrinis-chicago-milestones-on-her-path-to-sainthood\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini<\/a>\u00a0once walked among the people of Chicago. The youngest of 13 children of Italian farmers, she dreamed of serving as a missionary. Her poor health, however, meant she was rejected by several orders. She founded her own:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mothercabrini.org\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.mothercabrini.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus<\/a>. Pope Leo XIII encouraged Cabrini to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabrininationalshrine.org\/timeline-and-her-life-s-work#:~:text=Over%20the%20next%20years%2C%20Mother,expanding%20their%20missions%20throughout%20Italy.\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.cabrininationalshrine.org\/timeline-and-her-life-s-work#:~:text=Over%20the%20next%20years%2C%20Mother,expanding%20their%20missions%20throughout%20Italy.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">expand her mission<\/a>\u00a0to the United States.<\/p>\n<p>When she first arrived in America, Cabrini didn\u2019t speak English and was told by the archbishop of New York that her trip was a mistake. Yet Cabrini persisted and even became a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo\/?fbid=556348660093213&amp;set=a.217865837274832\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo\/?fbid=556348660093213&amp;set=a.217865837274832\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">naturalized citizen<\/a>\u00a0in 1909. Before her death in Chicago at age 67, Cabrini founded 67 schools, orphanages, hospitals, convents and places of worship in North and South America. Pope Pius XII\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-pope-hails-new-us-sain\/176350041\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-pope-hails-new-us-sain\/176350041\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">canonized Cabrini<\/a>, which recognized her as a saint, on July 7, 1946.<\/p>\n<p>First commercial nuclear power plant in the nation (1960)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Pat Nixon, left, wife of President Richard Nixon, watches as Richard Meagher, manager of production, explains a model of the Dresden nuclear plant on Feb. 6, 1970, near Morris, Illinois. (Arthur Walker\/Chicago Tribune)\" width=\"4662\" height=\"843\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-CTHIST-CTHIST-AGR-442-CT_F_226343881.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36373502\" \/>Pat Nixon, left, wife of President Richard Nixon, watches as Richard Meagher, manager of production, explains a model of the Dresden nuclear plant on Feb. 6, 1970, near Morris, Illinois. (Arthur Walker\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-editorial-atomic-power\/197335864\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-editorial-atomic-power\/197335864\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Dresden Generating Station<\/a>\u00a0near Morris was the second nuclear power plant built in the U.S. (the first was Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania), but it was the first that was privately financed (by Commonwealth Edison). The plant was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/nuclear-reactor-database\/details\/Dresden-1\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/nuclear-reactor-database\/details\/Dresden-1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">retired<\/a>\u00a0on Oct. 31, 1978, but the site houses two nuclear reactors operated by Constellation that produce enough electricity to power\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.constellationenergy.com\/about\/locations\/dresden-clean-energy-center.html\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.constellationenergy.com\/about\/locations\/dresden-clean-energy-center.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">roughly 1.4 million homes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Birthplace of the birth control pill (1960)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"The revolution in birth control can be dated to 1960, when the federal government approved the first birth control pill, &quot;Enovid,&quot; sold by G.D. Searle. (Chicago Tribune archive)\" width=\"2000\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-90642595.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36412849\" \/>The revolution in birth control can be dated to 1960, when the federal government approved the first birth control pill, &#8220;Enovid,&#8221; sold by G.D. Searle. (Chicago Tribune archive)<\/p>\n<p>Skokie pharmaceutical company\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2014\/08\/07\/the-birth-control-pill-1960\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2014\/08\/07\/the-birth-control-pill-1960\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">G.D. Searle<\/a>\u00a0released\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/pill-g-d-searle-develops-pill\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/americanexperience\/features\/pill-g-d-searle-develops-pill\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Enovid<\/a>\u00a0in 1957, as a treatment for gynecological disorders, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved its use as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-fda-approves-pill-for-us\/197863080\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-fda-approves-pill-for-us\/197863080\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">first prescription oral contraceptive pill<\/a>\u00a0on May 9, 1960.<\/p>\n<p>First state to repeal its sodomy law (1961)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Gov. Otto Kerner signs the last of the bills involving the legislative session on Aug. 25, 1961, at the state of Illinois building in Chicago. James Moran, standing from left, and Harry Golter, both special research assistants on legislation, along with Dawn Clark, assistant to the governor, watch the signing. (George Quinn\/Chicago Tribune) \" width=\"5600\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-229061915.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36408688\" \/>Gov. Otto Kerner signs the last of the bills involving the legislative session on Aug. 25, 1961, at the state of Illinois building in Chicago. James Moran, standing from left, and Harry Golter, both special research assistants on legislation, along with Dawn Clark, assistant to the governor, watch the signing. (George Quinn\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>Gov. Otto Kerner signed bills into law creating\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-kerner-signs-new-crimina\/197335029\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-kerner-signs-new-crimina\/197335029\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">new criminal code<\/a>\u00a0for the state on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/exhibits.gerberhart.org\/exhibits\/show\/chicago-lgbtq-history-1924-197\/sodomy\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/exhibits.gerberhart.org\/exhibits\/show\/chicago-lgbtq-history-1924-197\/sodomy\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">July 28, 1961<\/a>. Engaging in homosexual activity was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/documents\/getting-rid-sodomy-laws-history-and-strategy-led-lawrence-decision\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/documents\/getting-rid-sodomy-laws-history-and-strategy-led-lawrence-decision\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">no longer a criminal offense<\/a>\u00a0in Illinois starting on Jan. 1, 1962.<\/p>\n<p>First Special Olympics (1968)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"The Chicago Special Olympics, co-sponsored by the Chicago Park District and the Joseph Kennedy Jr. Foundation, was held for the first time on July 20, 1968, at Soldier Field in Chicago. The event provided an athletic competition for people with disabilities. (William Yates\/Chicago Tribune)\" width=\"5689\" height=\"254\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-CTHIST-Special-Olympics-012_229059313.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"25280306\" \/>The Chicago Special Olympics, co-sponsored by the Chicago Park District and the Joseph Kennedy Jr. Foundation, was held for the first time on July 20, 1968, at Soldier Field in Chicago. The event provided an athletic competition for people with disabilities. (William Yates\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>About\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/07\/20\/vintage-chicago-tribune-the-first-special-olympics-at-soldier-field-55-years-ago\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/07\/20\/vintage-chicago-tribune-the-first-special-olympics-at-soldier-field-55-years-ago\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1,000 children with intellectual disabilities<\/a>\u00a0from 26 states and Canada who ranged in age from 8 to 18 gathered at Soldier Field in Chicago to compete in 200 events. Responding to a written proposal from Chicago Park District employee\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/sports\/ct-chicago-sports-women-list-title-ix-20220621-hbsyhyfyjbexrecq3dwrpjtleq-list.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/sports\/ct-chicago-sports-women-list-title-ix-20220621-hbsyhyfyjbexrecq3dwrpjtleq-list.html\">Anne Burke<\/a>, a $25,000 check from the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation was forwarded here to help start the games, courtesy of the foundation\u2019s executive vice president,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.specialolympics.org\/about\/history\/camp-shriver\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.specialolympics.org\/about\/history\/camp-shriver\">Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/a>. Now, more than 6 million athletes from around the world take part in the program.<\/p>\n<p>First state to adopt an Environmental Protection Act and create a dedicated Environmental Protection Agency (1970)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Children from Grant Elementary School in Springfield present Sen. Egbert B. Groen with a petition with 38,000 signatures in support of the Environmental Protection Act on May 26, 1970. (James Quinn\/Chicago Tribune)\" width=\"1580\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-88384007-e1779300927885.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"36412011\" \/>Children from Grant Elementary School in Springfield present Sen. Egbert B. Groen with a petition with 38,000 signatures in support of the Environmental Protection Act on May 26, 1970. (James Quinn\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>Gov. Richard B. Ogilvie signed the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-ogilvie-calls-environmen\/197796168\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-ogilvie-calls-environmen\/197796168\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">landmark legislation<\/a> on June 29, 1970, while attending a press conference at Pheasant Run Lodge near St. Charles. The new regulations went into effect July 1, 1970 \u2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/agencies\/environmental-protection-agency\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/agencies\/environmental-protection-agency\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">five months<\/a>\u00a0before the U.S. EPA was established.<\/p>\n<p>First gay pride parade in the U.S. (1970)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Gay Liberation Front members march through Bughouse Square on their way to a rally at the Civic Center (now Daley Plaza) on June 27, 1970, as part of the city's first Gay Pride Week. (Chicago Tribune historical photo)\" width=\"2786\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-CTHIST-gayprideweekmarch1970_tribune_229050297.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"23915534\" \/>Gay Liberation Front members march through Bughouse Square on their way to a rally at the Civic Center (now Daley Plaza) on June 27, 1970, as part of the city\u2019s first Gay Pride Week. (Chicago Tribune historical photo)<\/p>\n<p>More a march than a parade, the city\u2019s Gay Liberation Movement staged its first rally and procession on June 27, 1970, as part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gerberhart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/1970-Gay-Pride-Week-Schedule-.pdf\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.gerberhart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/1970-Gay-Pride-Week-Schedule-.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gay Pride Week<\/a>. A short Tribune story the next day said 150 people listened to speakers in Bughouse Square (now Washington Square Park) before\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-gay-liberation-stages-ma\/175048015\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-gay-liberation-stages-ma\/175048015\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">walking to the Civic Center<\/a>\u00a0(now Daley Plaza) where they formed a chain around the Picasso statue and shouted, \u201cGay power to gay people.\u201d Chicago beat New York City, Los Angeles and other cities by one day.<\/p>\n<p>Birthplace of the cellphone (1973) and first commercial cellphone call (1983)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Martin Cooper, who led the team that built the first mobile cellphone, holds a prototype of that phone at his home on April 4, 2025, in San Diego. (Gregory Bull\/AP)\" width=\"5726\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-AP-MARTIN-COOPER-CELL-PHONE-01-01.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"28355774\" \/>Martin Cooper, who led the team that built the first mobile cellphone, holds a prototype of that phone at his home on April 4, 2025, in San Diego. (Gregory Bull\/AP)<\/p>\n<p>Motorola executive\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/04\/03\/qa-motorola-exec-who-made-the-first-cellphone-call-50-years-ago-talks-chicago-chatgpt-and-techs-future\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/04\/03\/qa-motorola-exec-who-made-the-first-cellphone-call-50-years-ago-talks-chicago-chatgpt-and-techs-future\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Martin Cooper<\/a> was standing on Sixth Avenue just blocks from Radio City Music Hall in Manhattan on April 3, 1973, when he dialed his Chicago-built cellphone prototype. The 2.5-pound, 10-inch-long model\u2019s inspiration came from a bespoke, two-way radio system that the company created in the 1960s for the Chicago Police Department. Cooper officially claimed the first-ever cellphone call in history when Joel Engel \u2014 his rival at AT&amp;T \u2014 answered. Cooper and seven others share\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US3906166A\/en?q=(%22radio+telephone+system%22)&amp;inventor=%22martin+cooper%22&amp;oq=%22martin+cooper%22+%22radio+telephone+system%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US3906166A\/en?q=(%22radio+telephone+system%22)&amp;inventor=%22martin+cooper%22&amp;oq=%22martin+cooper%22+%22radio+telephone+system%22\">U.S. Patent No. 3,906,166<\/a>, published Oct. 17, 1973, for a \u201cRadio Telephone System,\u201d which included both the phone and the tower network to connect it.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"In his Oakbrook Terrace office on Oct. 12, 2023, David Meilahn holds a 1983 photo of himself making the first commercial cellphone call alongside his wife, Gail Meilahn, and technician Jeff Benuzzi. (Stacey Wescott\/Chicago Tribune)\" width=\"3000\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-CT-ct-biz-first-commercial-cell-call005_181443935.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"28280163\" \/>In his Oakbrook Terrace office on Oct. 12, 2023, David Meilahn holds a 1983 photo of himself making the first commercial cellphone call alongside his wife, Gail Meilahn, and technician Jeff Benuzzi. (Stacey Wescott\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/10\/13\/a-suburban-chicago-insurance-agent-won-a-contest-40-years-ago-to-make-the-first-commercial-cellular-call-hes-still-on-the-phone\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/10\/13\/a-suburban-chicago-insurance-agent-won-a-contest-40-years-ago-to-make-the-first-commercial-cellular-call-hes-still-on-the-phone\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">David Meilahn<\/a>, a suburban Chicago insurance agent, made the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/10\/13\/a-suburban-chicago-insurance-agent-won-a-contest-40-years-ago-to-make-the-first-commercial-cellular-call-hes-still-on-the-phone\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/10\/13\/a-suburban-chicago-insurance-agent-won-a-contest-40-years-ago-to-make-the-first-commercial-cellular-call-hes-still-on-the-phone\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">first commercial cellular call<\/a> in the United States on Oct. 13, 1983, in a parking lot at Soldier Field. That\u2019s when Ameritech Mobile Communications, then a subsidiary of AT&amp;T, launched the first commercial cell service in Chicago. There was even a \u201cJeopardy!\u201d answer about his accomplishment \u2014 you can look it up on your smartphone.<\/p>\n<p>First state to designate the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.\u2019s birthday (Jan. 15) as a holiday (1973)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"A portrait of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. hangs above a memorial service for the slain civil rights leader at Holy Angels Catholic Church at 607 Oakwood Blvd. on Jan. 15, 1974, in Chicago. (William Kelly\/Chicago Tribune)\" width=\"4352\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-FIRST-MLK-DAY-ILLINOIS-197-CT0131623270.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"17884212\" \/>A portrait of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. hangs above a memorial service for the slain civil rights leader at Holy Angels Catholic Church at 607 Oakwood Blvd. on Jan. 15, 1974, in Chicago. (William Kelly\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>Illinois Gov. Dan Walker\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-forced-busing-ban-okd\/197810198\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-forced-busing-ban-okd\/197810198\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">signed the measure into law<\/a> on Sept. 17, 1973. The bill\u2019s sponsor was then-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/08\/31\/vintage-chicago-tribune-how-illinois-became-the-first-state-to-recognize-mlk-day\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/08\/31\/vintage-chicago-tribune-how-illinois-became-the-first-state-to-recognize-mlk-day\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rep. Harold Washington<\/a>, who was elected Chicago mayor 10 years later. The first Martin Luther King Jr. Day was observed in Illinois on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-dr-king-recalled-as-man\/197810349\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-dr-king-recalled-as-man\/197810349\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Jan. 15, 1974<\/a>. A cheering crowd of 1,000 people joined a celebration at Operation PUSH headquarters while others attended a candlelit memorial service at St. Martin Catholic Church. Chicago public schools and city colleges\u00a0were closed. All city, state and county offices in Chicago were closed as were criminal and civil courts and three state motor vehicle facilities.<\/p>\n<p>First handgun ban (1982)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Morton Grove police Officer Robert J. Jones holds all 12 handguns turned in by the town's residents after the village banned possession on Feb. 1, 1982. &quot;They are the most photographed guns in the world,&quot; Jones said, speaking of the interest in the Morton Grove law. (Chuck Berman\/Chicago Tribune)\" width=\"2755\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CTC-L-MORTON-GROVE-GUN-BAN-CT0019766997-e1769796768114.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"17934996\" \/>Morton Grove police Officer Robert J. Jones holds all 12 handguns turned in by the town&#8217;s residents after the village banned possession on Feb. 1, 1982. &#8220;They are the most photographed guns in the world,&#8221; Jones said, speaking of the interest in the Morton Grove law. (Chuck Berman\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>Morton Grove began enforcement of the controversial ordinance on Feb. 1, 1982. Residents turned in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-morton-groves-first-day\/164194313\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-morton-groves-first-day\/164194313\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">five guns<\/a>\u00a0to police that first day. The ordinance also banned possession of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-morton-grove-to-begin-gu\/164194245\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-morton-grove-to-begin-gu\/164194245\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">automatic weapons<\/a>, overriding a newly effective state law that allowed it.<\/p>\n<p>The measure triggered a storm of publicity and a nationwide debate over the merits of using local ordinances to control gun ownership, but was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-appeal-of-gun-ban-ruling\/164195620\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-appeal-of-gun-ban-ruling\/164195620\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">upheld<\/a>\u00a0in 1984 by the Illinois Supreme Court. The ordinance was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2008\/07\/29\/morton-groves-landmark-gun-prohibition-is-repealed\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2008\/07\/29\/morton-groves-landmark-gun-prohibition-is-repealed\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">repealed<\/a>\u00a0in July 2008.<\/p>\n<p>First Farm Aid (1985)<\/p>\n<ul class=\"mng-gallery-initialized mng-gallery-slider\">\n<li data-index=\"1\" class=\"mng-ge mng-gallery-active\" id=\"mng-ge-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Willie Nelson performs at the first Farm Aid in Champaign...\" class=\"size-article_inline\"   src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-6_235501574.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Willie Nelson performs at the first Farm Aid in Champaign on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ernie Cox Jr.\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"2\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Wet but spirited, the crowd cheers musicians at the first...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-232931220.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-232931220.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Wet but spirited, the crowd cheers musicians at the first Farm Aid concert at Champaign\u2019s Memorial Stadium on Sept. 22, 1985. Ticket sales for the concert generated more than $1.4 million. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"3\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The crowd waits for the start of the first Farm...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-232931164.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-232931164.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The crowd waits for the start of the first Farm Aid at Memorial Stadium in Champaign on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"4\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Loretta Lynn performs at the first Farm Aid concert at...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-11b_235494384.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-11b_235494384.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Loretta Lynn performs at the first Farm Aid concert at the University of Illinois\u2019 Memorial Stadium in Champaign on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"5\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-4\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Concert goers dance in the rain at the University of...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-7_235494454.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-7_235494454.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Concert goers dance in the rain at the University of Illinois\u2019 Memorial Stadium in Champaign during a wet Farm Aid on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"6\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Willie Nelson, right, shakes hands with co-organizer Neil Young, left,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-1_235501586.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-1_235501586.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Willie Nelson, right, shakes hands with co-organizer Neil Young, left, during the first Farm Aid in Champaign, Illinois on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ernie Cox Jr.\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"7\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-6\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A crowd attends the first Farm Aid all-day concert held...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-9_235489224.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-9_235489224.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A crowd attends the first Farm Aid all-day concert held at University of Illinois\u2019 Memorial Stadium in Champaign on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"8\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-7\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An attendee sits on a tarp in the rain at...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-17_235496382.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-17_235496382.jpg\"\/>\n<p>An attendee sits on a tarp in the rain at the University of Illinois\u2019 Memorial Stadium in Champaign during a rainy Farm Aid on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"9\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-8\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"People try to stay dry during the first Farm Aid...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-32931162.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-32931162.jpg\"\/>\n<p>People try to stay dry during the first Farm Aid concert at Memorial Stadium on Sept. 22, 1985, in Champaign, Illinois. (Ernie Cox Jr.\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"10\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-9\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"During a lull in the rain, two people ring out...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-16_235494916.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-16_235494916.jpg\"\/>\n<p>During a lull in the rain, two people ring out a blanket at the first Farm Aid at the University of Illinois\u2019 Memorial Stadium in Champaign on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"11\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-10\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The Charlie Daniels Band performs at the first Farm Aid...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-14_235494232.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-14_235494232.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The Charlie Daniels Band performs at the first Farm Aid concert held at the University of Illinois\u2019 Memorial Stadium in Champaign on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"12\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-11\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Concert goers dance in the rain at the University of...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-18_235496326.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-18_235496326.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Concert goers dance in the rain at the University of Illinois\u2019 Memorial Stadium in Champaign during a wet Farm Aid on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"13\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-12\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Concert goers stand in the rain during the first Farm...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-8_235489164.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-8_235489164.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Concert goers stand in the rain during the first Farm Aid all-day concert held at University of Illinois\u2019 Memorial Stadium in Champaign on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"14\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-13\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Willie Nelson performs at the first Farm Aid in Champaign,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-4_235501662.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-4_235501662.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Willie Nelson performs at the first Farm Aid in Champaign, Illinois on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ernie Cox Jr.\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"15\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"People take cover from the rain during the first Farm...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-3_235480060.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-3_235480060.jpg\"\/>\n<p>People take cover from the rain during the first Farm Aid in Champaign, Illinois on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ernie Cox Jr.\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"16\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-15\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Willie Nelson raises his guitar during his performance at the...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-2_235501660.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-2_235501660.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Willie Nelson raises his guitar during his performance at the first Farm Aid in Champaign, Illinois on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ernie Cox Jr.\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"17\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Despite the rain, concert goers dance in Memorial Stadium during...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-20_235496370.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-farm-aid-20_235496370.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Despite the rain, concert goers dance in Memorial Stadium during a wet Farm Aid on Sept. 22, 1985, in Champaign, Illinois. (Ovie Carter\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"18\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-17\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A large crowd attends the first Farm Aid concert at...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-232931156.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-232931156.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A large crowd attends the first Farm Aid concert at Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ernie Cox Jr.\/Chicago Tribune) <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Show Caption<\/p>\n<p>1 of 18<\/p>\n<p>Willie Nelson performs at the first Farm Aid in Champaign on Sept. 22, 1985. (Ernie Cox Jr.\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" class=\"icon-enlarge mng-gallery-fullscreen-expand\" aria-label=\"Expand fullscreen slideshow\">Expand<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt was the biggest country music concert in history,\u201d the Tribune wrote the day after the first Farm Aid on Sept. 22, 1985. \u201cFor more than 14 hours\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-star-studded-farm-air-sl\/197847156\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/chicagotribune.newspapers.com\/article\/chicago-tribune-star-studded-farm-air-sl\/197847156\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Memorial Stadium<\/a>\u00a0on the University of Illinois campus was transformed into Rockabilly Heaven before a rain-soaked but spirited crowd of about 78,000 and a national television audience estimated at more than 24 million.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The event was the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/09\/14\/farm-aid-at-40-champaign\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/09\/14\/farm-aid-at-40-champaign\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">brainchild of country singer Willie Nelson<\/a>,\u00a0who was inspired by fellow musician Bob Dylan\u00a0to hold a concert to raise money for American farmers.<\/p>\n<p>First state to outlaw book bans (2023)<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyautosizes lazyload\" alt=\"Illinois Secretary of State Alexi Giannoulias holds his 11-month-old daughter, Alexia, and the bill signed by Gov. JB Pritzker to prevent book bans on June 12, 2023, at the Harold Washington Library in Chicago, while Pritzker applauds. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)\" width=\"3223\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-book-bans-file.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"17828394\" \/>Illinois Secretary of State Alexi Giannoulias holds his 11-month-old daughter, Alexia, and the bill signed by Gov. JB Pritzker to prevent book bans on June 12, 2023, at the Harold Washington Library in Chicago, while Pritzker applauds. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p>The measure was signed into law by Gov. JB Pritzker on June 12, 2023. Public libraries in Illinois could be\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/06\/12\/measure-aimed-at-preventing-book-bans-at-public-libraries-signed-into-law-by-gov-jb-pritzker\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2023\/06\/12\/measure-aimed-at-preventing-book-bans-at-public-libraries-signed-into-law-by-gov-jb-pritzker\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">cut off from state funding<\/a>\u00a0if they remove books and other materials from their shelves for \u201cpartisan or doctrinal\u201d reasons.<\/p>\n<p>First American elected pope (2025)<\/p>\n<ul class=\"mng-gallery-initialized mng-gallery-slider\">\n<li data-index=\"1\" class=\"mng-ge mng-gallery-active\" id=\"mng-ge-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pope Leo XIV sprinkles holy water during his installation Mass...\" class=\"size-article_inline\"   src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D39_229382432.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV sprinkles holy water during his installation Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"2\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"People pray while Pope Leo XIV holds his first general...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-pope-page-1.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-pope-page-1.jpg\"\/>\n<p>People pray while Pope Leo XIV holds his first general audience in St. Peter\u2019s Square at the Vatican on May 21, 2025. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"3\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Two people hold an American flag while Pope Leo XIV...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F25_229484852.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F25_229484852.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Two people hold an American flag while Pope Leo XIV holds his first general audience on May 21, 2025, in St. Peter\u2019s Square at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"4\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pope Leo XIV blesses the crowd with holy water during...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D69_229389830.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D69_229389830.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV blesses the crowd with holy water during his installation Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"5\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-4\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Attendees watch while Pope Leo XIV holds his first general...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F28_229484850.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F28_229484850.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Attendees watch while Pope Leo XIV holds his first general audience on May 21, 2025, in St. Peter\u2019s Square at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"6\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-5\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pope Leo XIV begins his installation Mass in St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D36_229382428.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D36_229382428.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV begins his installation Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"7\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-6\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pope Leo XIV receives the pallium as he\u00e2\u0080\u0099s installed during...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581637_750_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D43_229382440.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581637_750_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D43_229382440.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV receives the pallium as he\u2019s installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"8\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-7\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"People hold objects to be blessed while Pope Leo XIV...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F33_229484874.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F33_229484874.jpg\"\/>\n<p>People hold objects to be blessed while Pope Leo XIV holds his first general audience May 21, 2025, in St. Peter\u2019s Square at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"9\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-8\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A woman with an American flag watches the screens after...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D63_229382602.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D63_229382602.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A woman with an American flag watches the screens after Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"10\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-9\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pope Leo XIV waves to the crowd while holding his...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F08b_229491818.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F08b_229491818.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV waves to the crowd while holding his first general audience on May 21, 2025, in St. Peter\u2019s Square at the Vatican. Leo is the first pontiff from the U.S. in the 2,000-year history of the Roman Catholic Church. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"11\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-10\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Children cheer after Pope Leo XIV held his first general...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F38_229484884.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-F38_229484884.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Children cheer after Pope Leo XIV held his first general audience on May 21, 2025, in St. Peter\u2019s Square at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"12\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-11\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pope Leo XIV reacts after receiving the fisherman's ring during...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D01_229380360_7f6815.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D01_229380360_7f6815.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV reacts after receiving the fisherman&#8217;s ring during his installation Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"13\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-12\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Crowds pack St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square as Pope Leo XIV is...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D04_229380778.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D04_229380778.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Crowds pack St. Peter\u2019s Square as Pope Leo XIV is installed during a Mass on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"14\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-13\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pope Leo XIV waves to the crowds as he arrives...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D29_229382410.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D29_229382410.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV waves to the crowds as he arrives for his installation Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"15\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-14\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581670_77_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D33_229382418.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581670_77_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D33_229382418.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"16\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-15\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Members of the clergy pray as Pope Leo XIV is...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D40_229382434_49a98d.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D40_229382434_49a98d.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Members of the clergy pray as Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"17\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Members of the clergy carry incense as Pope Leo XIV...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D42_229382438.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D42_229382438.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Members of the clergy carry incense as Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"18\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-17\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Members of the clergy pray as Pope Leo XIV is...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581687_744_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D57_229382496_4c6b48.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581687_744_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D57_229382496_4c6b48.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Members of the clergy pray as Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"19\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-18\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"The brother of Pope XIV,\u00c2\u00a0Louis Prevost, far left, kneels in...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D58_229382500_e578ca.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D58_229382500_e578ca.jpg\"\/>\n<p>The brother of Pope XIV,\u00a0Louis Prevost, far left, kneels in prayer along with\u00a0front of Secretary of State Marco Rubio, second row left, and next to second lady Usha Vance, and her husband Vice President JD Vance,\u00a0as Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"20\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-19\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Oprah Winfrey, Gayle King, Maria Shriver, the Rev. Manuel Dorantes...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D06_229381710_2a2522.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D06_229381710_2a2522.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Oprah Winfrey, Gayle King, Maria Shriver, the Rev. Manuel Dorantes of Chicago and a group carrying a Chicago flag watch Pope Leo XIV arrive for his installation Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"21\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cardinal Blase Cupich, third from left, arrives with the other...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581704_808_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D34_229382422_6c87e8.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581704_808_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D34_229382422_6c87e8.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Cardinal Blase Cupich, third from left, arrives with the other cardinals as Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"22\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-21\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pope Leo XIV waves to the crowds as he arrives...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D19_229382406.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D19_229382406.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV waves to the crowds as he arrives for his installation Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"23\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-22\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Members of the clergy pray as Pope Leo XIV is...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D59_229382498_b1c5d1.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D59_229382498_b1c5d1.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Members of the clergy pray as Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"24\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-23\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, second lady Usha Vance...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D31_229382420.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D31_229382420.jpg\"\/>\n<p>U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, second lady Usha Vance and Vice President JD Vance arrive as Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"25\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nuns pick up newspapers featuring Pope Leo XIV after his...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D66_229382698_eb277c.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D66_229382698_eb277c.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Nuns pick up newspapers featuring Pope Leo XIV after his installation Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"26\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-25\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Security officers arrive before dawn in St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square as...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D11_229382362.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D11_229382362.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Security officers arrive before dawn in St. Peter\u2019s Square as Pope Leo XIV is installed during Mass on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"27\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"People sleep on the street before dawn while waiting to...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D07_229382356.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-D07_229382356.jpg\"\/>\n<p>People sleep on the street before dawn while waiting to enter St. Peter\u2019s Square to see Pope Leo XIV installed during Mass on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"28\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-27\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nuns take pictures in St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square on May 16,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B39_229315706.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B39_229315706.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Nuns take pictures in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 16, 2025. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"29\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-28\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A photo of Pope Leo XIV is displayed in a...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B32_229310400.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B32_229310400.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A photo of Pope Leo XIV is displayed in a shop window on May 16, 2025, near St. Peter\u2019s Square at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"30\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-29\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Augustinian friars, from left, Brother David Relstab, the Rev. Jack...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-C11_229346170.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-C11_229346170.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Augustinian friars, from left, Brother David Relstab, the Rev. Jack Tierney and the Rev. Joe Roccasalva visit St. Peter\u2019s Square after their arrival in Rome on May 17, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. Relstab is a teacher at Providence Catholic in New Lenox, Tierney is a former teacher at St. Rita in Chicago and Roccasalva grew up in Beverly and attended Marian Catholic. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"31\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"People walk down Via della Conciliazione near St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-C10_229340802.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-C10_229340802.jpg\"\/>\n<p>People walk down Via della Conciliazione near St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 17, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"32\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-31\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A photo of Pope Leo XIV is displayed on a souvenir stand next to St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square on May 17, 2025, a day before his installation at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-C06_229340804.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-C06_229340804.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A photo of Pope Leo XIV is displayed on a souvenir stand next to St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 17, 2025, a day before his installation at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"33\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-32\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A man mops the sidewalk as the sun rises on...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B06_229294558.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B06_229294558.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A man mops the sidewalk as the sun rises on St. Peter\u2019s Basilica on May 16, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"34\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-33\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Two men recite prayers at sunrise in St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B09_229294562.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B09_229294562.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Two men recite prayers at sunrise in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 16, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"35\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-34\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A woman holds a picture of Pope Leo XIV while...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-A11_229279996.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-A11_229279996.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A woman holds a picture of Pope Leo XIV while visiting St. Peter\u2019s Basilica on May 15, 2025, before the installation at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"36\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-35\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nuns join a procession into St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square as part...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B19_229310380.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B19_229310380.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Nuns join a procession into St. Peter\u2019s Square as part of the Jubilee celebration, May 16, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"37\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-36\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A visitor takes in St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square as dusk falls,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581788_329_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-A31_229280042.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581788_329_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-A31_229280042.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A visitor takes in St. Peter\u2019s Square as dusk falls, May 15, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"38\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-37\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Augustinian friars Brother David Relstab, from left, the Rev. Jack...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-pope-page-5.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-pope-page-5.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Augustinian friars Brother David Relstab, from left, the Rev. Jack Tierney and the Rev. Joe Roccasalva visit St. Peter\u2019s Square in Rome on May 17, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. Relstab is a teacher at Providence Catholic in New Lenox, Tierney is a former teacher at St. Rita in Chicago and Roccasalva grew up in Beverly and attended Marian Catholic. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"39\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-38\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Basilica glows as the sun sets on the...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-pope-page-12-e1747947071551.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-pope-page-12-e1747947071551.jpg\"\/>\n<p>St. Peter\u2019s Basilica glows as the sun sets on the Tiber River on May 16, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"40\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-39\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Strollers sit outside St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Basilica on Thursday, May 15,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-A18_229280012.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-A18_229280012.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Strollers sit outside St. Peter\u2019s Basilica on Thursday, May 15, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"41\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-40\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Chairs are set up in St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square on May...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581803_172_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-A27_229280034.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/1779581803_172_ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-A27_229280034.jpg\"\/>\n<p>Chairs are set up in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 15, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"42\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-41\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A newsstand shows covers featuring Pope Leo XIV and Pope...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B34_229310414.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B34_229310414.jpg\"\/>\n<p>A newsstand shows covers featuring Pope Leo XIV and Pope Francis on May 16, 2025, near St. Peter\u2019s Square at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-index=\"43\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-42\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"People visit St. Peter\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Square on Friday, May 16, 2025,...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data- src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B23_229310394.jpg?w=620\"  bad-src=\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ctc-l-pope-leo-vatican-B23_229310394.jpg\"\/>\n<p>People visit St. Peter\u2019s Square on Friday, May 16, 2025, before the installation of Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Show Caption<\/p>\n<p>1 of 43<\/p>\n<p>Pope Leo XIV sprinkles holy water during his installation Mass in St. Peter\u2019s Square on May 18, 2025, at the Vatican. (Brian Cassella\/Chicago Tribune)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" class=\"icon-enlarge mng-gallery-fullscreen-expand\" aria-label=\"Expand fullscreen slideshow\">Expand<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Chicago-born\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/08\/robert-prevost-chicago-pope-xiv\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/08\/robert-prevost-chicago-pope-xiv\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Prevost<\/a>, a longtime missionary and member of the Augustinian religious order, was introduced on May 8, 2025, as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/08\/robert-prevost-chicago-pope-xiv\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/08\/robert-prevost-chicago-pope-xiv\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pope Leo XIV<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 the first pontiff from the U.S. in the 2,000-year history of the Roman Catholic Church.<\/p>\n<p>Since then, the Holy Father has consistently\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/24\/pope-leo-chicago-opinions\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/24\/pope-leo-chicago-opinions\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">uplifted his birthplace<\/a>\u00a0on the international scene, from cheering on the White Sox and Bears to lauding the city\u2019s South Side during an October general audience in St. Peter\u2019s Square. Pope Leo has also\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2026\/05\/06\/pope-leo-chicago-first-anniversary\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2026\/05\/06\/pope-leo-chicago-first-anniversary\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">emerged<\/a>\u00a0as a powerful\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2026\/04\/20\/did-pope-leo-find-his-voice-in-africa-or-did-america-and-the-world-finally-hear-him\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2026\/04\/20\/did-pope-leo-find-his-voice-in-africa-or-did-america-and-the-world-finally-hear-him\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">counter<\/a>\u00a0to President Donald Trump, condemning his administration\u2019s hardline\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/10\/25\/local-clergy-faith-leaders-decry-trumps-immigration-crackdown\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/10\/25\/local-clergy-faith-leaders-decry-trumps-immigration-crackdown\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">immigration<\/a>\u00a0stance, framing of Russia\u2019s war against\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/12\/09\/pope-leo-us-europe-alliance\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/12\/09\/pope-leo-us-europe-alliance\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ukraine<\/a>\u00a0and military action in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2026\/01\/19\/us-catholic-cardinals-trump-foreign-policy\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2026\/01\/19\/us-catholic-cardinals-trump-foreign-policy\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Venezuela<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"3fQtN2vgwS\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2026\/05\/07\/pope-leo-xiv-chicago-robert-prevost\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pope Leo XIV: What to know about Chicago-born Robert Prevost<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The pope\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/15\/pope-leo-roots-chicago-peru\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/15\/pope-leo-roots-chicago-peru\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">patchwork background<\/a>\u00a0speaks to the melting pot that is the U.S. Though Prevost worked in Peru for 20 years and has a deep bond to the country, his father was French and Italian and his mother was of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/08\/pope-leo-xivs-chicago-ties\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/08\/pope-leo-xivs-chicago-ties\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Spanish descent<\/a>. Genealogists\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/08\/pope-leo-genealogy\/\" data-mrf-link=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/2025\/05\/08\/pope-leo-genealogy\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">later unearthed<\/a>\u00a0that his maternal grandparents were Creole people from Louisiana \u2014 an often mixed-race cultural identity linked to French, Spanish, African and Indigenous heritages.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"This Fourth of July the United States marks its 250th anniversary (or semiquincentennial) of existence. Some might be&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":817885,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[5124],"tags":[243723,336579,25417,86025,336571,960,26073,26028,130788,336585,336584,336575,336583,336581,336582,336576,336574,336573,336578,336580,336577,5386,1818,336569,336570,193078,40085,63290,5389,9990,70672,255667,336572],"class_list":["post-817884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-chicago","tag-13th-amendment","tag-albert-a-michelson","tag-america-250","tag-birth-control","tag-brookyln-illinois","tag-chicago","tag-chicago-river","tag-ebony","tag-farm-aid","tag-first-american-pope","tag-first-farm-aid","tag-first-ferris-wheel","tag-first-handgun-ban","tag-first-march-madness","tag-first-pride-parade","tag-first-serial-killer","tag-first-skyscraper","tag-first-upright-farm-silo","tag-h-h-holmes","tag-henry-gerber","tag-herman-mudgett","tag-il","tag-illinois","tag-illinois-firsts","tag-illinois-inventions","tag-jackson-park","tag-march-madness","tag-nobel-prize","tag-pope-leo","tag-pride-parade","tag-special-olympics","tag-underground-railroad","tag-womens-voting-rights"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":"Validation failed: Text character limit of 500 exceeded"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/817884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=817884"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/817884\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/817885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=817884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=817884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=817884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}