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Using data from the 2023 National Graduates Survey (class of 2020), this study examines the early labour market outcomes of international student graduates relative to Canadian graduates who remained in Canada three years after completing their education. <\/p>\n
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Despite some of the labour market challenges identified above, international student graduates had similar levels of perceived job satisfaction (81.0% compared with 82.0%) and job security (75.8% compared with 79.1%) when compared to Canadian graduates (Table 4). <\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n Brittany Etmanski<\/strong> is a senior analyst at the Centre for Labour Market Information at Statistics Canada.<\/p>\n
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\n\t\tRelease date:<\/strong> February 5, 2025
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\nOn this page
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\nStart of text box
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\n\t\t\t\tOverview of the study
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\nIntroduction
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\nUntil recently, the number of international students studying in Canada has increased substantially in recent decades, more than doubling (142,200 to 388,800) from 2010 to 2019.Note\u00a0<\/a> However, international student graduates may face more challenging school-to-work transitions (e.g., lower employment rates, lower employment income) at least initially, than Canadian graduates with the same level of education.Note\u00a0<\/a> In particular, the graduating class of 2020 faced unique challenges to their labour market entry during the COVID-19 pandemic.Note\u00a0<\/a> More than half reported changes to their employment status or employment plans due to the pandemic, and nearly one-third (30.6%) lost their job or were laid off in 2020. <\/p>\n
\nUsing data from the 2023 National Graduates Survey (class of 2020), this study compares the early labour market outcomes of international student graduates with those of Canadian graduates. The analysis is limited to graduates who completed their postsecondary education program in 2020, who were living in Canada three years after graduation, and who did not pursue further postsecondary education after graduation in 2020. For more information on the data used in this study, please refer to the text box \u201cData sources, methods and definitions<\/a>\u201d. <\/p>\n
\nDifferences between the early labour market outcomes of international student graduates and Canadian graduates are examined by level of study (college, bachelor\u2019s, master\u2019s or doctorate). In some instances, results are aggregated by undergraduate (college or bachelor\u2019s) versus graduate (master\u2019s or doctorate) education to simplify the general trends. <\/p>\n
\nThe literature shows that completing studies in Canada is associated with advantages in the labour market (e.g., earnings).Note\u00a0<\/a> Yet, international student graduates who have completed their \u00a0most recent studies in Canada still face employment-related challenges (e.g., lower employment rates, lower employment income), relative to Canadian graduates.Note\u00a0<\/a> Despite this understanding, less is known about the various occupations international students pursue, and their perceptions of various metrics relating to job quality (e.g., satisfaction with salary, job security, job relatedness) which is what this study aims to shed light on. <\/p>\n
\n About 6 in 10 international student graduates of 2020 were South Asian or Chinese<\/p>\n
\n In 2023, there were approximately 83,300 international student graduates who remained in Canada after completing their studies in 2020, comprising 24.0% of all 2020 graduates. <\/p>\n
\n Over half (56.0%) of international students who graduated in 2020 completed a college diploma compared with 40.0% of Canadian graduates (Table A.1). Another quarter (24.7%) completed a bachelor\u2019s degree, about half the rate observed among Canadian graduates (45.3%). Similar proportions of international student and Canadian graduates completed a master\u2019s degree (16.9% compared with 13.1%, respectively) or a doctorate (2.4% compared with 1.5%, respectively). \u00a0<\/p>\n
\n The majority of international students who graduated in 2020 were South Asian (48.1%) or Chinese (12.0%). A significant proportion were also Black (10.0%) or Latin American (7.2%). In comparison, the largest proportion of Canadian graduates were white (63.8%), although a significant proportion were also South Asian (7.3%) or Chinese (6.1%).<\/p>\n
\n A slightly higher percentage of international student graduates identified as men (54.1%), while conversely, there were slightly more women (54.2%) in the Canadian graduate population. The median age of international student graduates at the time of graduation was 25 years, the same as Canadian graduates. <\/p>\n
\n In regard to field of study, business, management, and public administration was the most common program for both international student graduates (36.3%) and Canadian graduates (24.9%). This was followed by architecture, engineering and related technologies (20.8%) and mathematics, computer and information sciences (11.6%) for international students, and by health and related fields (15.9%), architecture, engineering and related technologies (14.2%) and social behavioural sciences and law (14.1%) for Canadian graduates across all levels of study. <\/p>\n
\n International student graduates were less likely to be employed 3 years after graduation than their Canadian counterparts<\/p>\n
\n The majority (90.3%) of graduates who did not continue their studies and remained in Canada were employed three years after graduation. However, there were differences between the employment rates of these international student graduates and Canadian graduates, which may indicate more challenging school-to-work transitions for some international student graduates. <\/p>\n
\n In 2023, that is three years after graduation, the employment rate of international student graduates was 88.6%, while it was 91.0% among Canadian graduates (Table 1). In addition, a greater proportion of international student graduates (7.8%) than Canadian graduates (4.2%) were looking for work 3 years after graduation.<\/p>\n
\n The employment rate also varied by education level and was often higher among Canadian graduates. Indeed, the employment rate of international student graduates was lower than that of Canadian graduates at the bachelor\u2019s (84.5% compared with 91.9%), master\u2019s (91.3% compared with 94.6%), and doctoral (90.6% compared with 94.2%) levels. There was however no significant difference in the employment rates of international student graduates (89.6%) and Canadian graduates at the college level (88.6%). <\/p>\n
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\n Table 1
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\n\t\tLabour force status of international student graduates and Canadian graduates who graduated in 2020, by level of study, 2023
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\n\t\tTable summary
The information is grouped by Labour force status (appearing as row headers), All education levels, College, Bachelor\u2019s, Master\u2019s and Doctorate, calculated using percentage units of measure (appearing as column headers).
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\n Labour force status
\n All education levels
\n College
\n Bachelor\u2019s
\n Master\u2019s
\n Doctorate
\n <\/tr>\n
\n percentage
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\n\t\t\tSource:<\/strong>\u00a0Statistics Canada, National Graduates Survey, 2023.
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\n International student graduates
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Employed
<\/p>\n88.6<\/strong><\/td>\n 89.6<\/td>\n 84.5 Table 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 91.3 Table 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 90.6 Table 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
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\n <\/tr>\n
\n Unemployed
<\/p>\n7.8<\/strong> Table 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 6.9<\/td>\n 11.8 Table 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 5.5 Table 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 6.6 Table 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
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\n Not in the labour force
<\/p>\n3.5<\/strong><\/td>\n 3.5<\/td>\n 3.7<\/td>\n 3.2<\/td>\n 2.8<\/td>\n
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\n Canadian graduates (ref.)
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
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\n Employed
<\/p>\n91.0<\/strong><\/td>\n 88.6<\/td>\n 91.9<\/td>\n 94.6<\/td>\n 94.2<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Unemployed
<\/p>\n4.8<\/strong><\/td>\n 5.9<\/td>\n 4.7<\/td>\n 2.4<\/td>\n 2.9<\/td>\n
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\n Not in the labour force
<\/p>\n4.2<\/strong><\/td>\n 5.5<\/td>\n 3.4<\/td>\n 3.0<\/td>\n 2.9<\/td>\n
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\n International student graduates at the college and bachelor\u2019s level were more likely to work in sales and service occupations<\/p>\n
\n Differences also emerge when examining the occupations of the international student graduates and Canadian graduates. Among international student graduates with an undergraduate education, employment was heavily concentrated within sales and service occupations. Indeed, international student graduates with a college diploma were two times more likely to work in sales and service occupations than Canadian graduates (34.8% vs. 17.4%), and those with a bachelor\u2019s were over three times more likely to work in this type of occupations than Canadian graduates (30.6% vs. 9.5%) (Table 2).<\/p>\n
\n In comparison, Canadian graduates with an undergraduate education were less concentrated in any single occupational group, and instead were evenly dispersed across a greater number of occupational groups. They were also more likely to be employed in health occupations and occupations in education, law, social, community, and government services than international student graduates with the same level of study. For example, the percentage of Canadian graduates employed in health occupations with a college diploma was more than two times that of international student graduates (16.1% vs. 6.1%), as well as those with a bachelor\u2019s (22.6% versus 8.5%). <\/p>\n
\n At the graduate level (master\u2019s, doctoral), international student graduates and Canadian graduates were concentrated in a small number of occupational groups. The employment of international student graduates was greatly concentrated in the natural and applied sciences. In 2023, nearly half of international student graduates with a master\u2019s (44.5%) and doctorate (45.8%) were employed in the natural and applied sciences, compared with around one-fifth of Canadian graduates with a master\u2019s (18.2%) or doctorate (21.0%). More specifically, over half of the international student graduates with a graduate degree who were employed in this occupational group were computer and information systems professionals (22.7%), computer, software and web designers and developers (21.3%), or mathematicians, statisticians, actuaries and data scientists (12.4%). In comparison, Canadian graduates with a graduate education were more likely to be employed in education, law, social, community, and government services. For example, over one-third (38.0%) of Canadian graduates with a master\u2019s were employed within this occupational group, compared to 8.4% of international student graduates. <\/p>\n
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\n Table 2
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\n\t\tBroad occupational category for job of 2020 graduates, by level of study and student\/resident status, 2023
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\n\t\tTable summary
The information is grouped by Broad occupational category (appearing as row headers), All education levels, College, Bachelor\u2019s, Master\u2019s and Doctorate, calculated using percentage units of measure (appearing as column headers).
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\n Broad occupational category
\n All education levels
\n College
\n Bachelor\u2019s
\n Master\u2019s
\n Doctorate
\n <\/tr>\n
\n percentage
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\n\t\t\tSource:<\/strong>\u00a0Statistics Canada, National Graduates Survey, 2023.
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\n International student graduates
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Management occupations
<\/p>\nx suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
\n <\/td>\n x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
\n <\/td>\n x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
\n <\/td>\n x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
\n <\/td>\n x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
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\n <\/tr>\n
\n Business, finance and administration
<\/p>\n24.0<\/td>\n 22.2<\/td>\n 25.7<\/td>\n 30.1 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 5.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Natural and applied sciences and related
<\/p>\n20.7 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 12.7<\/td>\n 19.7<\/td>\n 44.5 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 45.8 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Health occupations
<\/p>\n4.3 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 6.1 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 2.6 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 1.4 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 1.5 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
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\n Occupations in education, law, social, community, and government services
<\/p>\n6.9 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 4.2 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 8.5 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 8.4 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 43.1 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
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\n Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport
<\/p>\n2.5<\/td>\n 2.1<\/td>\n 3.0<\/td>\n 3.4<\/td>\n 2.0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Sales and service occupations
<\/p>\n28.3 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 34.8 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 30.6 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 7.8 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 1.3<\/td>\n
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\n Trades, transport, equipment operators and related occupations
<\/p>\n9.5 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 13.4<\/td>\n 6.3<\/td>\n 2.7 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 0.4<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Natural resources, agriculture, related production occupations
<\/p>\n0.2 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 0.1 Table 2 \u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 0.4<\/td>\n 0.5<\/td>\n 0.2<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Occupations in manufacturing and utilities
<\/p>\n3.6<\/td>\n 4.5<\/td>\n 3.3<\/td>\n 1.2<\/td>\n 0.4<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Canadian graduates (ref.)
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Management occupations
<\/p>\n0.1<\/td>\n x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
\n <\/td>\n x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
\n <\/td>\n 0.9<\/td>\n 0.2<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Business, finance and administration
<\/p>\n21.9<\/td>\n 17.8<\/td>\n 26.4<\/td>\n 19.9<\/td>\n 5.6<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Natural and applied sciences and related
<\/p>\n15.7<\/td>\n 11.9<\/td>\n 18.0<\/td>\n 18.2<\/td>\n 21.0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Health occupations
<\/p>\n14.5<\/td>\n 16.1<\/td>\n 13.5<\/td>\n 13.3<\/td>\n 10.8<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Occupations in education, law, social, community, and government services
<\/p>\n23.3<\/td>\n 17.6<\/td>\n 22.6<\/td>\n 38.0<\/td>\n 58.1<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport
<\/p>\n3.9<\/td>\n 3.0<\/td>\n 4.7<\/td>\n 3.8<\/td>\n 2.7<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Sales and service occupations
<\/p>\n11.6<\/td>\n 17.4<\/td>\n 9.5<\/td>\n 3.5<\/td>\n 0.8<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Trades, transport, equipment operators and related occupations
<\/p>\n5.8<\/td>\n 11.0<\/td>\n 3.1<\/td>\n 1.1<\/td>\n 0.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Natural resources, agriculture, related production occupations
<\/p>\n0.9<\/td>\n 1.3<\/td>\n 0.8<\/td>\n 0.4<\/td>\n 0.1<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Occupations in manufacturing and utilities
<\/p>\n2.3<\/td>\n 3.8<\/td>\n 1.4<\/td>\n 1.1<\/td>\n 0.5<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n\t
\n Education-job match is similar among college graduates, but differs between international student graduates and Canadian graduates with a bachelor\u2019s or master\u2019s degree <\/p>\n
\n One way to determine whether graduates obtain jobs aligned with their level of study is to examine the training, education, experience, and responsibility (TEER) required for their position. The measure of the TEER used in this study is derived from the 2021 National Occupational Classification (NOC), which transitioned from the four previous \u201cskill levels\u201d into the redesigned six TEER categories.Note\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n
\n According to the TEER, education-job match of international student graduates and Canadian graduates with a college diploma was similar. In 2023, over half of international student graduates (53.6%) and Canadian graduates (58.2%) with a college diploma held jobs that typically require the completion of a postsecondary program at a community college, institute of technology, or CEGEP (TEER 2 or 3). The remainder of international student graduates and Canadian graduates with a college diploma were either employed in jobs that do not require a postsecondary certificate, diploma, or degree (TEER 4 and 5) (25.7% and 21.9%, respectively) or in jobs that usually require a university degree (20.7% and 19.9%, respectively). \u00a0<\/p>\n
\n However, at the bachelor\u2019s and master\u2019s levels, international student graduates were less likely than Canadian graduates to be employed in jobs that typically require the completion of their level of study, which may indicate a more challenging career entry for some international student graduates. At the bachelor\u2019s level, just over one-third of international student graduates (36.6%) were employed in jobs that typically require the completion of a degree from a university (bachelor\u2019s, master\u2019s, or doctorate), compared with over half (58.8%) of Canadian graduates. A similar trend is found at the master\u2019s level, as international student graduates (66.9%) were also less likely to be employed in jobs that are aligned with their level of study than Canadian graduates (85.1%). There was no significant difference at the doctoral level.<\/p>\n
\n Rates of self-perceived overqualification were similar between many international student graduates and Canadian graduates<\/p>\n
\n International student graduates were less likely to feel that their job was closely related to their field of study. Indeed, a lower proportion of international student graduates with a college diploma, bachelor\u2019s, and master\u2019s felt that their job was \u201cclosely related\u201d to their field of study compared to Canadian graduates with the same level of education (Table 3). This difference was particularly pronounced at the bachelor\u2019s level, where one third (33.8%) of international student graduates felt that their job was closely related to their field of study, compared with nearly two-thirds (62.4%) of Canadian graduates. <\/p>\n
\n The rates of self-perceived overqualification were similar between international student graduates and Canadian graduates, except among those with a college diploma. In 2023, three in ten (30.9%) international student graduates with a college diploma felt that they were overqualified for their job, compared to one-fifth (20.7%) of Canadian graduates with the same level of study. <\/p>\n
\n
\n\t
<\/p>\n
\n Table 3
\n
\n\t\tPerceived job alignment of international student graduates and Canadian graduates who graduated in 2020, by level of study, 2023
\n
\n\t\tTable summary
This table displays the results of Perceived job alignment of international student graduates and Canadian graduates who graduated in 2020, by level of study, 2023 All education levels, College, Bachelor\u2019s, Master\u2019s and Doctorate, calculated using percentage units of measure (appearing as column headers).
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/td>\n
\n All education levels
\n College
\n Bachelor\u2019s
\n Master\u2019s
\n Doctorate
\n <\/tr>\n
\n percentage
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\tSource:<\/strong>\u00a0Statistics Canada, National Graduates Survey, 2023.
\n
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n International student graduates
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Job relatedness
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Closely related
<\/p>\n20.8<\/strong> Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 44.3 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 33.8 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 54.6 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 71.7<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Somewhat related
<\/p>\n24.8<\/strong><\/td>\n 23.4 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 36.8 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 30.4 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 23.7 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Not at all related
<\/p>\n54.4 <\/strong>Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 32.3 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 29.4<\/td>\n 15.1<\/td>\n 4.6<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Job qualification
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Overqualified
<\/p>\n29.3<\/strong> Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 30.9 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 27.1<\/td>\n 27.6<\/td>\n 27.7<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Qualified
<\/p>\n69.0<\/strong> Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 67.4 Table 3\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 70.6<\/td>\n 71.7<\/td>\n 72.0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Underqualified
<\/p>\n1.7<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.8<\/td>\n 2.3<\/td>\n 0.6<\/td>\n 0.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Canadian graduates (ref.)
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Job relatedness
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Closely related
<\/p>\n34.9<\/strong><\/td>\n 63.6<\/td>\n 62.4<\/td>\n 72.2<\/td>\n 73.9<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Somewhat related
<\/p>\n23.8<\/strong><\/td>\n 16.0<\/td>\n 20.6<\/td>\n 20.5<\/td>\n 20.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Not at all related
<\/p>\n41.3<\/strong><\/td>\n 20.4<\/td>\n 17.0<\/td>\n 7.2<\/td>\n 5.8<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Job qualification
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Overqualified
<\/p>\n20.6<\/strong><\/td>\n 20.7<\/td>\n 19.2<\/td>\n 24.3<\/td>\n 26.7<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Qualified
<\/p>\n77.1<\/strong><\/td>\n 76.2<\/td>\n 78.8<\/td>\n 74.9<\/td>\n 73.0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Underqualified
<\/p>\n2.3<\/strong><\/td>\n 3.1<\/td>\n 2.0<\/td>\n 0.8<\/td>\n 0.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n
\n\t
\n\tInternational student graduates had lower median employment income than Canadian graduates with the same level of study<\/p>\n
\n Consistent with past researchNote\u00a0<\/a> and the previous findings on education-job match, the median annual employment income of international student graduates who worked full time in 2023 was lower than that of Canadian graduates. <\/p>\n
\n This held at all levels of study, but the difference was most notable at the bachelor\u2019s and master\u2019s levels. In 2023, the median annual employment income of international student graduates ($52,000) with a bachelor\u2019s degree working full-time was 20.2% lower than that of Canadian graduates with a bachelor\u2019s degree ($65,200) (Chart 1). At the master\u2019s level, international student graduates ($70,000) earned 16.6% less than their Canadian counterparts ($83,900). <\/p>\n
\n These findings may be related in part to the occupations international student graduates are employed within, particularly at the college and bachelor\u2019s level. Indeed, in 2023, a greater proportion of international student graduates were employed within the sales and service sector, which had lower median income than the national median. However, the occupational sector does not necessarily explain the difference in income observed at the master\u2019s and doctoral levels, where a large proportion of international student were employed in the natural and applied sciences, a sector where incomes are usually higher than the national median.<\/p>\n
\n
<\/p>\n![\"Chart](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/c-g01-eng.png\")
<\/p>\n
\n
\n Data table for Chart 1
<\/p>\n
\n Chart 1
\n
\n\t\tMedian annual employment income of international student graduates and Canadian graduates who worked full time, by level of study, 2023
\n
\n\t\tTable summary
The information is grouped by Level of study (appearing as row headers), Employment income, International student graduates and Canadian
\ngraduates (ref.), calculated using dollars units of measure (appearing as column headers).
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n Level of study
\n Employment income
\n <\/tr>\n
\n International student graduates
\n Canadian
\n\t\tgraduates (ref.)
\n <\/tr>\n
\n dollars
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\tSource: <\/strong>Statistics Canada, National Graduates Survey, 2023.<\/strong>
\n
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n College
<\/p>\n45,000 Chart 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 53,000<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Bachelor’s
<\/p>\n52,000 Chart 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 65,200<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Master’s
<\/p>\n70,000 Chart 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 83,900<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Doctorate
<\/p>\n83,000 Chart 1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 90,000<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n
\n
\n\t
\n\t
\n International student graduates had similar job satisfaction and satisfaction with job security as Canadian graduates, but were less satisfied with their salary
<\/p>\n
\n However, their lower annual employment income may have contributed to their lower rates of salary satisfaction. Indeed, international students with a bachelor\u2019s (48.7% compared with 58.0%), master\u2019s (50.5% compared with 60.3%), or doctorate (56.8% compared with 62.6%) were less likely to be satisfied with their salary than Canadian graduates. The difference in terms of satisfaction with salary was greatest at the bachelor\u2019s and master\u2019s levels, where the proportions of international student graduates satisfied with their salary were 9.3 and 9.8 percentage points lower, respectively, than those of their Canadian counterparts. <\/p>\n
\n Table 4
\n
\n\t\tSatisfaction with job, salary, and job security of international student graduates and Canadian graduates who graduated in 2020, by level of study, 2023
\n
\n\t\tTable summary
This table displays the results of Satisfaction with job, salary, and job security of international student graduates and Canadian graduates who graduated in 2020, by level of study, 2023 All education levels, College, Bachelor\u2019s, Master\u2019s and Doctorate, calculated using percentage units of measure (appearing as column headers).
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/td>\n
\n All education levels
\n College
\n Bachelor\u2019s
\n Master\u2019s
\n Doctorate
\n <\/tr>\n
\n percentage
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\tSource:<\/strong> Statistics Canada, National Graduates Survey, 2023.
\n
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n International student graduates
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfaction with Job
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfied
<\/p>\n81.0<\/strong> Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 78.4<\/td>\n 84.2<\/td>\n 84.4<\/td>\n 86.5<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
<\/p>\n13.5<\/strong><\/td>\n 16.6<\/td>\n 9.3<\/td>\n 10.3<\/td>\n 8.5<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Dissatisfied
<\/p>\n5.4<\/strong><\/td>\n 5.0<\/td>\n 6.6<\/td>\n 5.4<\/td>\n 5.0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfaction with Salary
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfied
<\/p>\n49.5<\/strong> Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 49.3<\/td>\n 48.7 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 50.5 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 56.8 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
<\/p>\n23.7<\/strong> Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 22.9<\/td>\n 25.8 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 23.3 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 21.8 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Dissatisfied
<\/p>\n26.8<\/strong><\/td>\n 27.8<\/td>\n 25.5<\/td>\n 26.2<\/td>\n 21.4<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfaction with Job Security
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfied
<\/p>\n75.8<\/strong> Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 74.7<\/td>\n 80.2<\/td>\n 75.2 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 64.4<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
<\/p>\n16.6<\/strong> Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 17.5 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 14.0<\/td>\n 17.2<\/td>\n 16.9 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Dissatisfied
<\/p>\n7.6<\/strong><\/td>\n 7.8<\/td>\n 5.8<\/td>\n 7.6<\/td>\n 18.7 Table 4\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Canadian graduates (ref.)
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfaction with Job
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfied
<\/p>\n82.0<\/strong><\/td>\n 82.7<\/td>\n 80.5<\/td>\n 84.0<\/td>\n 86.5<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
<\/p>\n10.8<\/strong><\/td>\n 10.8<\/td>\n 11.0<\/td>\n 10.2<\/td>\n 8.6<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Dissatisfied
<\/p>\n7.3<\/strong><\/td>\n 6.5<\/td>\n 8.6<\/td>\n 5.8<\/td>\n 4.9<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfaction with Salary
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfied
<\/p>\n57.5<\/strong><\/td>\n 55.8<\/td>\n 58.0<\/td>\n 60.3<\/td>\n 62.6<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
<\/p>\n17.8<\/strong><\/td>\n 19.6<\/td>\n 16.7<\/td>\n 17.1<\/td>\n 13.4<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Dissatisfied
<\/p>\n24.6<\/strong><\/td>\n 24.6<\/td>\n 25.2<\/td>\n 22.6<\/td>\n 24.0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfaction with Job Security
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Satisfied
<\/p>\n79.1<\/strong><\/td>\n 79.9<\/td>\n 78.3<\/td>\n 81.1<\/td>\n 65.0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
<\/p>\n12.3<\/strong><\/td>\n 11.2<\/td>\n 13.3<\/td>\n 11.8<\/td>\n 12.5<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Dissatisfied
<\/p>\n8.7<\/strong><\/td>\n 8.9<\/td>\n 8.5<\/td>\n 7.1<\/td>\n 22.5<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n\t
\n\t
\nConclusion<\/p>\n
\n Using data from the 2023 National Graduates Survey, this study provided an overview of select early labour market outcomes of international student graduates relative to Canadian graduates. <\/p>\n
\n The study shows that the vast majority of international student graduates and Canadian graduates who remained in Canada were employed three years after graduation. However, international student graduates generally had lower employment rates than their Canadian counterparts. They also had a different occupational profile from Canadian graduates. International student graduates with an undergraduate degree were more likely to be employed in sales and service occupations than Canadian graduates, whereas those with a graduate degree were most often found within the natural and applied sciences. <\/p>\n
\n The education-job match of international student graduates and Canadian graduates was similar. However, at the bachelor\u2019s and master\u2019s levels, international student graduates were less likely than Canadian graduates to be employed in jobs that typically require the completion of their level of study, which may indicate a more challenging career entry for some international student graduates.<\/p>\n
\n Although international students were overall less often employed in jobs that were related to their level and field of study, their satisfaction with job and job security was similar to that of Canadian graduates. However, international student graduates were less satisfied with their salary than Canadian graduates, which is consistent with the fact that they earned less per year than their Canadian counterparts. <\/p>\n
\n
\n
\n Appendix
\n
<\/p>\n
\n Table A.1
\n
\n\t\tSelected demographic characteristics of international student graduates and Canadian graduates who graduated in 2020
\n
\n\t\tTable summary
The information is grouped by Characteristics (appearing as row headers), All graduates, International student graduates and Canadian graduates (ref.), calculated using percentage units of measure (appearing as column headers).
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n Characteristics
\n All graduates
\n International student graduates
\n Canadian graduates (ref.)
\n <\/tr>\n
\n percentage
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\tSource:<\/strong>\u00a0Statistics Canada, National Graduates Survey, 2023.
\n
\n <\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\n Sex
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Men
<\/p>\n45.8<\/strong><\/td>\n 54.1 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 45.8<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Women
<\/p>\n54.2<\/strong><\/td>\n 45.9 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 54.2<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Education level
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n College
<\/p>\n44.4<\/strong><\/td>\n 56.0 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 40.0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Bachelor’s
<\/p>\n39.9<\/strong><\/td>\n 24.7 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 45.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Master’s
<\/p>\n14.0<\/strong><\/td>\n 16.9 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 13.1<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Doctorate
<\/p>\n1.7<\/strong><\/td>\n 2.4 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 1.5<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Population group
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n White
<\/p>\n50.3<\/strong><\/td>\n 6.5 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 63.8<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n South Asian
<\/p>\n17.1<\/strong><\/td>\n 48.1 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 7.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Chinese
<\/p>\n7.5<\/strong><\/td>\n 12.0 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 6.1<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Black
<\/p>\n5.7<\/strong><\/td>\n 10.0 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 4.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Filipino
<\/p>\n2.6<\/strong><\/td>\n 2.3<\/td>\n 2.7<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Arab
<\/p>\n3.1<\/strong><\/td>\n 2.6<\/td>\n 3.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Latin American
<\/p>\n3.6<\/strong><\/td>\n 7.2 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 2.4<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Southeast Asian
<\/p>\n2.8<\/strong><\/td>\n 5.7 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 1.8<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n West Asian
<\/p>\n1.5<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.6<\/td>\n 1.5<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Korean
<\/p>\n1.2<\/strong><\/td>\n 2.3<\/td>\n 0.9<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Japanese
<\/p>\n0.5<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.1<\/td>\n 0.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Other
<\/p>\n1.4<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.6<\/td>\n 1.3<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Program of Study
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Education
<\/p>\n5.6<\/strong><\/td>\n 1.1 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 7.1<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies
<\/p>\n4.0<\/strong><\/td>\n 2.3 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 4.5<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Humanities
<\/p>\n3.3<\/strong><\/td>\n 2.9<\/td>\n 3.2<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Social and behavioural sciences and law
<\/p>\n12.7<\/strong><\/td>\n 8.7 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 14.1<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Business, management and public administration
<\/p>\n27.8<\/strong><\/td>\n 36.3 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 24.9<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Physical and life sciences and technologies
<\/p>\n3.2<\/strong><\/td>\n 4.0<\/td>\n 3.0<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Mathematics, computer and information sciences
<\/p>\n6.7<\/strong><\/td>\n 11.6 Table A.1\u00a0Note\u00a0*<\/a>
\n <\/td>\n 5.1<\/td>\n
\n <\/tr>\n
\n Architecture, engineering, and related technologies
<\/p>\n15.6<\/strong><\/td>\n 20.8