{"id":847182,"date":"2026-06-05T23:06:20","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T23:06:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/847182\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T23:06:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T23:06:20","slug":"superconductivity-from-dual-surface-carriers-in-rhombohedral-graphene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/847182\/","title":{"rendered":"Superconductivity from dual-surface carriers in rhombohedral graphene"},"content":{"rendered":"
  • \n

    Xiao, R. et al. Density functional investigation of rhombohedral stacks of graphene: topological surface states, nonlinear dielectric response, and bulk limit. Phys. Rev. B 84<\/b>, 165404 (2011).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Guinea, F., Castro Neto, A. H. & Peres, N. M. R. Electronic states and Landau levels in graphene stacks. Phys. Rev. B 73<\/b>, 245426 (2006).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Min, H. & MacDonald, A. H. Chiral decomposition in the electronic structure of graphene multilayers. Phys. Rev. B 77<\/b>, 155416 (2008).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Koshino, M. & McCann, E. Trigonal warping and Berry\u2019s phase n\u03c0 in ABC-stacked multilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. B 80<\/b>, 165409 (2009).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Slizovskiy, S., McCann, E., Koshino, M. & Fal\u2019ko, V. I. Films of rhombohedral graphite as two-dimensional topological semimetals. Commun. Phys. 2<\/b>, 164 (2019).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Shi, Y. et al. Electronic phase separation in multilayer rhombohedral graphite. Nature 584<\/b>, 210\u2013214 (2020).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhou, H., Xie, T., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K. & Young, A. F. Superconductivity in rhombohedral trilayer graphene. Nature 598<\/b>, 434\u2013438 (2021).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhou, H. et al. Isospin magnetism and spin-polarized superconductivity in Bernal bilayer graphene. Science 375<\/b>, 774\u2013778 (2022).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, Y. et al. Enhanced superconductivity in spin-orbit proximitized bilayer graphene. Nature 613<\/b>, 268\u2013273 (2023).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Holleis, L. et al. Nematicity and orbital depairing in superconducting Bernal bilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 21<\/b>, 444\u2013450 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Patterson, C. L. et al. Superconductivity and spin canting in spin\u2013orbit-coupled trilayer graphene. Nature 641<\/b>, 632\u2013638 (2025).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Choi, Y. et al. Superconductivity and quantized anomalous Hall effect in rhombohedral graphene. Nature 639<\/b>, 342\u2013347 (2025).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, Y. et al. Twist-programmable superconductivity in spin\u2013orbit-coupled bilayer graphene. Nature 641<\/b>, 625\u2013631 (2025).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Yang, J. et al. Impact of spin\u2013orbit coupling on superconductivity in rhombohedral graphene. Nat. Mater. 24<\/b>, 1058\u20131065 (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Qin, P. et al. Extreme anisotropy in the metallic and superconducting phases of rhombohedral hexalayer graphene. Preprint at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2504.05129v4<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, C. et al. Tunable superconductivity in electron- and hole-doped Bernal bilayer graphene. Nature 631<\/b>, 300\u2013306 (2024).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Han, T. et al. Signatures of chiral superconductivity in rhombohedral graphene. Nature 643<\/b>, 654\u2013661 (2025).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhou, H. et al. Half- and quarter-metals in rhombohedral trilayer graphene. Nature 598<\/b>, 429\u2013433 (2021).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Han, T. et al. Correlated insulator and Chern insulators in pentalayer rhombohedral-stacked graphene. Nat. Nanotechnol. 19<\/b>, 181\u2013187 (2024).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Liu, K. et al. Spontaneous broken-symmetry insulator and metals in tetralayer rhombohedral graphene. Nat. Nanotechnol. 19<\/b>, 188\u2013195 (2024).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhou, W. et al. Layer-polarized ferromagnetism in rhombohedral multilayer graphene. Nat. Commun. 15<\/b>, 2597 (2024).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lu, Z. et al. Fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect in multilayer graphene. Nature 626<\/b>, 759\u2013764 (2024).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lu, Z. et al. Extended quantum anomalous Hall states in graphene\/hBN moir\u00e9 superlattices. Nature 637<\/b>, 1090\u20131095 (2025).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Waters, D. et al. Chern insulators at integer and fractional filling in moir\u00e9 pentalayer graphene. Phys. Rev. X 15<\/b>, 011045 (2025).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Xie, J. et al. Tunable fractional Chern insulators in rhombohedral graphene superlattices. Nat. Mater. 24<\/b>, 1042\u20131048 (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ding, J. et al. Electric-field switchable chirality in rhombohedral graphene Chern insulators stabilized by tungsten diselenide. Phys. Rev. X 15<\/b>, 011052 (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Su, W. P., Schrieffer, J. R. & Heeger, A. J. Solitons in polyacetylene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 42<\/b>, 1698\u20131701 (1979).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Myhro, K. et al. Large tunable intrinsic gap in rhombohedral-stacked tetralayer graphene at half filling. 2D Mater. 5<\/b>, 045013 (2018).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Zhang, F., Jung, J., Fiete, G. A., Niu, Q. & MacDonald, A. H. Spontaneous quantum Hall states in chirally stacked few-layer graphene systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106<\/b>, 156801 (2011).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Velasco Jr, J. et al. Transport spectroscopy of symmetry-broken insulating states in bilayer graphene. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7<\/b>, 155\u2013160 (2012).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Han, T. et al. Orbital multiferroicity in pentalayer rhombohedral graphene. Nature 623<\/b>, 41\u201347 (2023).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kol\u00e1\u0159, K. et al. Single-gate tracking behavior in flat-band multilayer graphene devices. Phys. Rev. B 113<\/b>, 075131 (2026).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Deng, J. et al. Superconductivity and ferroelectric orbital magnetism in semimetallic rhombohedral hexalayer graphene. Preprint at http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2508.15909<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Seo, J. et al. Family of unconventional superconductivities in crystalline graphene. Preprint at http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2509.03295<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kumar, M. et al. Pervasive spin-triplet superconductivity in rhombohedral graphene. Preprint at http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2511.16578<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Xie, J. et al. Unconventional orbital magnetism in graphene-based fractional Chern insulators. Preprint at http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2506.01485<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Su, R. et al. Moir\u00e9-driven topological electronic crystals in twisted graphene. Nature 637<\/b>, 1084\u20131089 (2025).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tolmachev, V. V. Logarithmic criterion for superconductivity. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 140<\/b>, 563\u2013566 (1961).<\/p>\n

    MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Morel, P. & Anderson, P. W. Calculation of the superconducting state parameters with retarded electron\u2013phonon interaction. Phys. Rev. 125<\/b>, 1263\u20131271 (1962).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Little, W. A. Possibility of synthesizing an organic superconductor. Phys. Rev. 134<\/b>, A1416\u2013A1424 (1964).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ginzburg, V. On surface superconductivity. Phys. Lett. 13<\/b>, 101\u2013102 (1964).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Allender, D., Bray, J. & Bardeen, J. Model for an exciton mechanism of superconductivity. Phys. Rev. B 7<\/b>, 1020\u20131029 (1973).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Malozovsky, Y. M. & Fan, J. D. The metal – insulator phase transition, quasiparticle damping and superconductivity in a layered Fermi gas. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 9<\/b>, 622\u2013638 (1996).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hamo, A. et al. Electron attraction mediated by Coulomb repulsion. Nature 535<\/b>, 395\u2013400 (2016).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Fatemi, V. & Ruhman, J. Synthesizing Coulombic superconductivity in van der Waals bilayers. Phys. Rev. B 98<\/b>, 094517 (2018).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Chubukov, A. V. & Kivelson, S. A. Superconductivity in engineered two-dimensional electron gases. Phys. Rev. B 96<\/b>, 174514 (2017).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Scalapino, D. J. A common thread: the pairing interaction for unconventional superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84<\/b>, 1383\u20131417 (2012).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Li, H. et al. Electrode-free anodic oxidation nanolithography of low-dimensional materials. Nano Lett. 18<\/b>, 8011\u20138015 (2018).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kapitulnik, A., Kivelson, S. A. & Spivak, B. Colloquium: anomalous metals: failed superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 91<\/b>, 011002 (2019).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kern, G., Kresse, G. & Hafner, J. Ab initio calculation of the lattice dynamics and phase diagram of boron nitride. Phys. Rev. B 59<\/b>, 8551\u20138559 (1999).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Castro Neto, A. H., Guinea, F., Peres, N. M. R., Novoselov, K. S. & Geim, A. K. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81<\/b>, 109\u2013162 (2009).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    S\u0142awi\u0144ska, J., Zasada, I. & Klusek, Z. Energy gap tuning in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride bilayer system. Phys. Rev. B 81<\/b>, 155433 (2010).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kindermann, M., Uchoa, B. & Miller, D. L. Zero-energy modes and gate-tunable gap in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride. Phys. Rev. B 86<\/b>, 115415 (2012).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Moon, P. & Koshino, M. Electronic properties of graphene\/hexagonal-boron-nitride moir\u00e9 superlattice. Phys. Rev. B 90<\/b>, 155406 (2014).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jung, J., Raoux, A., Qiao, Z. & MacDonald, A. H. Ab initio theory of moir\u00e9 superlattice bands in layered two-dimensional materials. Phys. Rev. B 89<\/b>, 205414 (2014).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    McClure, J. Electron energy band structure and electronic properties of rhombohedral graphite. Carbon 7<\/b>, 425\u2013432 (1969).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Xie, M. & MacDonald, A. H. Nature of the correlated insulator states in twisted bilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124<\/b>, 097601 (2020).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bernevig, B. A., Song, Z.-D., Regnault, N. & Lian, B. Twisted bilayer graphene. III. interacting Hamiltonian and exact symmetries. Phys. Rev. B 103<\/b>, 205413 (2021).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Phong, V. T. & Lewandowski, C. Coulomb Interaction-stabilized isolated narrow bands with Chern numbers \\({\\mathcal{C}}\\, > \\,1\\) in twisted rhombohedral trilayer-bilayer graphene. Preprint at http:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2505.07981<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kol\u00e1\u0159, K., Zhang, Y., Nadj-Perge, S., von Oppen, F. & Lewandowski, C. Electrostatic fate of n-layer moir\u00e9 graphene. Phys. Rev. B 108<\/b>, 195148 (2023).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Parra-Mart\u00ednez, G. et al. Band renormalization, quarter metals, and chiral superconductivity in rhombohedral tetralayer graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 135<\/b>, 136503 (2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    McCann, E. Asymmetry gap in the electronic band structure of bilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. B 74<\/b>, 161403 (2006).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gava, P., Lazzeri, M., Saitta, A. M. & Mauri, F. Ab initio study of gap opening and screening effects in gated bilayer graphene. Phys. Rev. B 79<\/b>, 165431 (2009).<\/p>\n

    ADS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kumar, M. et al. Superconductivity from dual-surface carriers in rhombohedral graphene: Raw data for Main Text and Extended Data [Data set]. Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.19675446<\/a> (2026).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Xiao, R. et al. Density functional investigation of rhombohedral stacks of graphene: topological surface states, nonlinear dielectric response,…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":847183,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[25],"tags":[2267,2266,2271,2270,834,2265,2268,2269,492,159,27577,2264,11841,67,132,68],"class_list":["post-847182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-physics","tag-atomic","tag-classical-and-continuum-physics","tag-complex-systems","tag-condensed-matter-physics","tag-general","tag-mathematical-and-computational-physics","tag-molecular","tag-optical-and-plasma-physics","tag-physics","tag-science","tag-superconducting-properties-and-materials","tag-theoretical","tag-topological-insulators","tag-united-states","tag-unitedstates","tag-us"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@us\/116700013472286839","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/847182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=847182"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/847182\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/847183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=847182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=847182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=847182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}