{"id":856956,"date":"2026-06-10T07:18:37","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T07:18:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/856956\/"},"modified":"2026-06-10T07:18:37","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T07:18:37","slug":"ocean-iron-fertilization-from-enhanced-mid-ocean-ridge-volcanism-due-to-ice-age-sea-level-falls","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/856956\/","title":{"rendered":"Ocean iron fertilization from enhanced mid-ocean-ridge volcanism due to ice-age sea-level falls"},"content":{"rendered":"
  • \n

    Martin, J. H. & Fitzwater, S. E. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic. Nature 331<\/b>, 341\u2013343 (1988).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Landry, M. et al. Biological response to iron fertilization in the eastern equatorial Pacific (IronEx II). I. Microplankton community abundances and biomass. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 201<\/b>, 27\u201342 (2000).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Browning, T. J. et al. Persistent equatorial Pacific iron limitation under ENSO forcing. Nature 621<\/b>, 330\u2013335 (2023).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Martin, J. H. Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: the iron hypothesis. Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol. 5<\/b>, 1\u201313 (1990).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Martinez-Garcia, A. et al. Iron fertilization of the subantarctic ocean during the last ice age. Science 343<\/b>, 1347\u20131350 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, X. T. et al. Deep-sea coral evidence for lower Southern Ocean surface nitrate concentrations during the last ice age. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114<\/b>, 3352\u20133357 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Du, J., Mix, A. C., Haley, B. A., Belanger, C. L. & Sharon Volcanic trigger of ocean deoxygenation during Cordilleran ice sheet retreat. Nature 611<\/b>, 74\u201380 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hain, M. P., Sigman, D. M. & Haug, G. H. Carbon dioxide effects of Antarctic stratification, North Atlantic Intermediate Water formation, and subantarctic nutrient drawdown during the last ice age: diagnosis and synthesis in a geochemical box model. Glob. Biogeochem Cycles 24<\/b>, GB4023 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gottschalk, J. et al. Mechanisms of millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 change in numerical model simulations. Quat. Sci. Rev. 220<\/b>, 30\u201374 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Boyle, E. What controls dissolved iron concentrations in the world ocean?\u2014a comment. Mar. Chem. 57<\/b>, 163\u2013167 (1997).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Jickells, T. D. et al. Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate. Science 308<\/b>, 67\u201371 (2005).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Saito, M. A. et al. Slow-spreading submarine ridges in the South Atlantic as a significant oceanic iron source. Nat. Geosci. 6<\/b>, 775\u2013779 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Resing, J. A. et al. Basin-scale transport of hydrothermal dissolved metals across the South Pacific Ocean. Nature 523<\/b>, 200\u2013203 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tagliabue, A. et al. The integral role of iron in ocean biogeochemistry. Nature 543<\/b>, 51\u201359 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    John, S. G. et al. Biogeochemical cycling of Fe and Fe stable isotopes in the eastern tropical South Pacific. Mar. Chem. 201<\/b>, 66\u201376 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ardyna, M. et al. Hydrothermal vents trigger massive phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. Nat. Commun. 10<\/b>, 2451 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schine, C. M. S. et al. Massive Southern Ocean phytoplankton bloom fed by iron of possible hydrothermal origin. Nat. Commun. 12<\/b>, 1211 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Schine et al. Southern Ocean net primary production influenced by seismically modulated hydrothermal iron. Nat. Geosci. 19<\/b>, 106\u2013112 (2026).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Clark, P. U. et al. The Last Glacial Maximum. Science 325<\/b>, 710\u2013714 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rampino, M. R., Self, S. & Fairbridge, R. W. Can rapid climatic change cause volcanic eruptions?. Science 206<\/b>, 826\u2013829 (1979).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hall, K. Rapid deglaciation as an initiator of volcanic activity: an hypothesis. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 7<\/b>, 45\u201351 (1982).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sternai, P., Caricchi, L., Castelltort, S. & Champagnac, J. Deglaciation and glacial erosion: a joint control on magma productivity by continental unloading. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43<\/b>, 1632\u20131641 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Huybers, P. & Langmuir, C. Feedback between deglaciation, volcanism, and atmospheric CO2. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 286<\/b>, 479\u2013491 (2009).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Crowley, J. W., Katz, R. F., Huybers, P., Langmuir, C. H. & Park, S.-H. Glacial cycles drive variations in the production of oceanic crust. Science 347<\/b>, 1237\u20131240 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Huybers, P. & Langmuir, C. H. Delayed CO2 emissions from mid-ocean ridge volcanism as a possible cause of late-Pleistocene glacial cycles. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 457<\/b>, 238\u2013249 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Cerpa, N. G., Jones, D. W. R. & Katz, R. F. Consequences of glacial cycles for magmatism and carbon transport at mid-ocean ridges. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 528<\/b>, 115845 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lund, D. C. et al. Enhanced East Pacific Rise hydrothermal activity during the last two glacial terminations. Science 351<\/b>, 478\u2013482 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Costa, K. M. et al. Hydrothermal deposition on the Juan de Fuca Ridge over multiple glacial\u2013interglacial cycles. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 479<\/b>, 120\u2013132 (2017).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lund, D. C. et al. Hydrothermal scavenging of 230Th on the Southern East Pacific Rise during the last deglaciation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 510<\/b>, 64\u201372 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ren, H., Sigman, D. M., Thunell, R. C. & Prokopenko, M. G. Nitrogen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from the modern ocean and recent sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 57<\/b>, 1011\u20131024 (2012).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rafter, P. A. & Sigman, D. M. Spatial distribution and temporal variation of nitrate nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 61<\/b>, 14\u201331 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Studer, A. S. et al. Ice age\u2013Holocene similarity of foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotope ratios in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol. 36<\/b>, e2020PA004063 (2021).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Peters, B. D., Lam, P. J. & Casciotti, K. L. Nitrogen and oxygen isotope measurements of nitrate along the US GEOTRACES Eastern Pacific Zonal Transect (GP16) yield insights into nitrate supply, remineralization, and water mass transport. Mar. Chem. 201<\/b>, 137\u2013150 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Wang, X. T. et al. Oceanic nutrient rise and the late Miocene inception of Pacific oxygen-deficient zones. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119<\/b>, e2204986119 (2022).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Black, E. E. et al. Ironing out Fe residence time in the dynamic upper ocean. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 34<\/b>, e2020GB006592 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Costa, K. M. et al. No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age. Nature 529<\/b>, 519\u2013522 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sarmiento, J. L., Gruber, N., Brzezinski, M. A. & Dunne, J. P. High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity. Nature 427<\/b>, 56\u201360 (2004).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Twining, B. & Sciences, B. L. An ocean of particles characterization of particulate trace elements by the GEOTRACES program. Oceanography 37<\/b>, 120\u2013130 (2024).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tagliabue, A. et al. Hydrothermal contribution to the oceanic dissolved iron inventory. Nat. Geosci. 3<\/b>, 252\u2013256 (2010).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Tagliabue, A. & Resing, J. Impact of hydrothermalism on the ocean iron cycle. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 374<\/b>, 20150291 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Baker, E. T., Massoth, G. J. & Feely, R. A. Cataclysmic hydrothermal venting on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Nature 329<\/b>, 149\u2013151 (1987).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lund, D. C. et al. Anomalous Pacific\u2013Antarctic ridge volcanism precedes glacial Termination 2. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 19<\/b>, 2478\u20132491 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sarmiento, J. L. & Orr, J. C. Three-dimensional simulations of the impact of Southern Ocean nutrient depletion on atmospheric CO2 and ocean chemistry. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36<\/b>, 1928\u20131950 (1991).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sarmiento, J. L. & Toggweiler, J. R. A new model for the role of the oceans in determining atmospheric \\({p}_{{{\\rm{CO}}}_{2}}\\). Nature 308<\/b>, 621\u2013624 (1984).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kumar, N. et al. Increased biological productivity and export production in the glacial Southern Ocean. Nature 378<\/b>, 675\u2013680 (1995).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Studer, A. S. et al. Increased nutrient supply to the Southern Ocean during the Holocene and its implications for the pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 rise. Nat. Geosci. 11<\/b>, 756\u2013760 (2018).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marchitto, T. M., Lehman, S. J., Ortiz, J. D., Fl\u00fcckiger, J. & Geen, A. van. Marine radiocarbon evidence for the mechanism of deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise. Science 316<\/b>, 1456\u20131459 (2007).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rafter, P. A. et al. Anomalous >2000 year old surface ocean radiocarbon age as evidence for deglacial geologic carbon release. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46<\/b>, 13,950\u201313,960 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Garcia, H. E. et al. World Ocean Atlas 2018, Vol. 4: Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and nitrate+nitrite, silicate). (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, 2025).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Rafter, P. A. et al. Persistent eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean upwelling since the warm Pliocene. Science 390<\/b>, eads8720 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Winckler, G., Anderson, R. F., Jaccard, S. L. & Marcantonio, F. Ocean dynamics, not dust, have controlled equatorial Pacific productivity over the past 500,000 years. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113<\/b>, 6119\u20136124 (2016).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Reimi, M. A. et al. The penultimate glacial termination and variability of the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46<\/b>, 4826\u20134835 (2019).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ai, X. E. et al. Southern Ocean upwelling, Earth\u2019s obliquity, and glacial\u2013interglacial atmospheric CO2 change. Science 370<\/b>, 1348\u20131352 (2020).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Farmer, J. R. et al. Early Pliocene shoaling of the Central American seaway reconstructed from foraminifera\u2010bound nitrogen and oxygen isotopes. Paleoceanogr, Paleoclimatol. 40<\/b>, e2024PA005043 (2025).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Mehra, O. P. & Jackson, M. L. Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clays Clay Miner. 5<\/b>, 327 (1958). 317.<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Sigman, D. M. et al. A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater. Anal. Chem. 73<\/b>, 4145\u20134153 (2001).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Marshall, J., Adcroft, A., Hill, C., Perelman, L. & Heisey, C. A finite-volume, incompressible Navier Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 102<\/b>, 5753\u20135766 (1997).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ledwell, J. R., Watson, A. J. & Law, C. S. Mixing of a tracer in the pycnocline. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 103<\/b>, 21499\u201321529 (1998).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Waterhouse, A. F. et al. Global patterns of diapycnal mixing from measurements of the turbulent dissipation rate. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 44<\/b>, 1854\u20131872 (2014).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Lund, D. C., Adkins, J. F. & Ferrari, R. Abyssal Atlantic circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum: constraining the ratio between transport and vertical mixing. Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol. 26<\/b>, PA1213 (2011).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Turner, J. S. Buoyancy Effects in Fluids (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Speer, K. G. Thermocline penetration by buoyant plumes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 355<\/b>, 443\u2013458 (1997).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Speer, K. G. & Rona, P. A. A model of an Atlantic and Pacific hydrothermal plume. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 94<\/b>, 6213\u20136220 (1989).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Kong T. et al. Planktonic foraminifera-bound N isotope data and corresponding modeling code for \u2018Ocean iron fertilization from enhanced mid-ocean ridge volcanism due to ice age sea level falls\u2019. Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18553522<\/a> (2026).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Ruan X. et al. Model output for \u2018Ocean iron fertilization from enhanced mid-ocean ridge volcanism due to ice age sea level falls\u2019. Zenodo https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17517229<\/a> (2026).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Parrenin, F. et al. Synchronous change of atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic temperature during the last deglacial warming. Science 339<\/b>, 1060\u20131063 (2013).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n     CAS<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bereiter, B. et al. Revision of the EPICA Dome C CO2 record from 800 to 600\u2009kyr before present. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42<\/b>, 542\u2013549 (2015).<\/p>\n

    Article<\/a>\u00a0
    \n
    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Bradtmiller, L. I., Anderson, R. F., Fleisher, M. Q. & Burckle, L. H. Diatom productivity in the equatorial Pacific Ocean from the last glacial period to the present: a test of the silicic acid leakage hypothesis. Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol. 21<\/b>, PA4201 (2006).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Hayes, C. T., Anderson, R. F. & Fleisher, M. Q. Opal accumulation rates in the equatorial Pacific and mechanisms of deglaciation. Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol. 26<\/b>, PA1207 (2011).<\/p>\n


    \n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Martin, J. H. & Fitzwater, S. E. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic. Nature…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":856957,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[23],"tags":[952,349763,258945,746,834,91719,20774,349762,90271,281713,159,67,132,68,349761],"class_list":["post-856956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-environment","tag-earth-sciences","tag-earth-system-sciences","tag-element-cycles","tag-environment","tag-general","tag-geochemistry","tag-geology","tag-geophysics-geodesy","tag-marine-chemistry","tag-palaeoclimate","tag-science","tag-united-states","tag-unitedstates","tag-us","tag-volcanology"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@us\/116724597215336171","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/856956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=856956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/856956\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/856957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=856956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=856956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=856956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}