Rapid glacier retreat and downwasting throughout the European Alps in the early 21st century
Regional subdivisions We use the International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps (ISMSA)26 classification to define glacier regions…
Recent waning snowpack in the Alps is unprecedented in the last six centuries
Beniston, M. et al. The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges.…
A data-consistent model of the last glaciation in the Alps achieved with physics-driven AI
The glacier model The evolution of glacier ice thickness, denoted as \(h(x,y,t)\), starting from an initial glacier shape,…
Peak glacier extinction in the mid-twenty-first century
Glaciers worldwide are retreating rapidly1,2, with losses projected to continue throughout the twenty-first century3,4 and beyond5. Observations and…