• Department of Physics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

    S. Abubakar, A. Bat, B. Kirezli & E. Tiras

  • Universidad del Atlantico, Puerto Colombia, Colombia

    M. A. Acero & A. Barros

  • University of Mississippi, Lafayette, MS, USA

    B. Acharya, G. S. Davies, A. Dye, J. Kleykamp & L. R. Prais

  • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA

    P. Adamson, R. Bernstein, T. Contreras, P. F. Derwent, P. Ding, R. Hatcher, A. Himmel, T. Lackey, M. Martinez-Casales, T. Miao, W. Mu, E. Niner, A. Norman, A. Norrick, J. Paley, R. K. Plunkett, B. Ramson, P. Shanahan, M. Strait, L. Suter, M. Wallbank, D. A. Wickremasinghe, K. Yonehara & R. Zwaska

  • Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

    N. Anfimov, A. Antoshkin, N. Balashov, A. Ivanova, I. Kakorin, A. Kalitkina, O. Klimov, L. Kolupaeva, A. Morozova, A. Olshevskiy, O. Samoylov, A. Sheshukov, V. Baranov, Yu. I. Davydov, V. Glagolev, V. Kiseeva, B. Popov, I. A. Suslov, V. V. Tereshchenko & I. Vasilyev

  • Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia

    E. Arrieta-Diaz

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

    L. Asquith, E. F. Bannister, T. J. C. Bezerra, A. C. Booth, J. Hartnell, R. Kralik, P. Lasorak, J. A. Lock, J. C. C. Porter & W. Shorrock

  • Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    A. Aurisano, D. Dueñas Tonguino, V. Hewes, H. Oh, L. R. Prais, M. Rajaoalisoa, A. Sousa, T. Thakore, M. Wallbank & B. Yaeggy

  • Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil

    D. Azevedo & R. A. Gomes

  • Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA

    A. Back, R. Bowles, E. Ewart, T. Lackey, M. Manrique Plata, M. D. Messier, J. Urheim & D. Whittington

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    A. Back, M. Martinez-Casales, M. C. Sanchez, S. Sánchez Falero, A. Sutton, E. Tiras, T. K. Warburton & M. Wetstein

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

    P. Baldi, J. Bian, B. Jargowsky, J. Liu, E. Robles, A. Shmakov, W. Wu, Y. Xiao & A. Yankelevich

  • School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India

    B. A. Bambah, R. Mohanta & D. K. Singha

  • Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Engineering Sciences Department, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Bandırma, Turkey

    A. Bat

  • School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    K. Bays, J. Bian, K. Heller, M. L. Marshak, W. H. Miller, G. Pawloski, A. Smith, M. Strait, C. Weber & S. Wu

  • Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    V. Bhatnagar, A. Kumar, B. Mehta & P. Sharma

  • Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, India

    B. Bhuyan &  Shivam

  • Particle Physics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    A. C. Booth, L. Cremonesi, J. M. Hays, P. Singh, S. Singh Chhibra, K. J. Vockerodt & A. V. Waldron

  • Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India

    B. Brahma & A. Giri

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    C. Bromberg, K. Mahn, L. Mellet, D. Seppala & J. G. Walsh

  • Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    N. Buchanan, S. Calvez & A. Christensen

  • Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    A. Butkevich, V. Matveev, S. Zadorozhnyy, A. Chvirova, A. Dergacheva, G. Erofeev, D. Fedorova, S. Fedotov, K. Gorshanov, A. Izmaylov, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, M. Kolupanova, Y. Kudenko, V. Kurochka, V. Matveev, A. Mefodiev, O. Mineev, A. Shaikhiev, A. Shvartsman, N. Skrobova, Y. Stroke & N. Yershov

  • Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, London, UK

    J. M. Carceller, M. F. Cicala, M. MacMahon, K. Mulder, R. Nichol, M. Ozkaynak, C. Sweeney, A. Sztuc & J. Thomas

  • Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    T. J. Carroll, J. P. Cesar, K. Lang & D. Myers

  • Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    T. J. Carroll, A. Cooleybeck, A. Lister & B. Rebel

  • Department of Physics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA

    E. Catano-Mur, J. K. Nelson, J. Trokan-Tenorio & P. Vahle

  • Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA

    R. Chirco, D. M. Kaplan, P. Snopok & Y. Torun

  • Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    B. C. Choudhary, I. Singh & P. Singh

  • Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA

    T. E. Coan

  • Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    D. Coveyou, E. C. Dukes, R. Ehrlich, R. Group & T. Horoho

  • Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA

    Z. Djurcic, M. C. Goodman, S. Magill & A. Rafique

  • Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    K. Dobbs, M. He, L. W. Koerner, J. Lesmeister, T. Olson, D. Tran, D. Cherdack & D. Munford

  • Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA

    M. Dolce, H. Meyer, M. Muether, P. Roy, N. Solomey & A. Yahaya

  • Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

    P. Filip & J. Zalesak

  • Department of Physics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA

    M. J. Frank

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA

    H. R. Gallagher, W. A. Mann & J. Wolcott

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA

    A. Habig & A. Moren

  • Institute of Computer Science, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

    F. Hakl

  • Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    A. Khanam & D. Whittington

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

    C. D. Kuruppu, S. R. Mishra, R. Petti & N. Talukdar

  • Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

    V. Kus & J. Smolik

  • Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India

    M. T. Manoharan, S. Nelleri & M. Titus

  • California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    L. Mualem, R. B. Patterson & V. Raj

  • Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    D. Naples & W. Wu

  • National Institute of Science Education and Research, Khurda, India

    A. Pal, L. Panda & S. Swain

  • Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    M. C. Sanchez & A. Sutton

  • Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    S. Shukla & V. Singh

  • Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

    K. Soustruznik & P. Tas

  • Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Z. Vallari

  • University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan

    K. Abe, S. Abe, Y. Hayato, K. Hosokawa, K. Ieki, M. Ikeda, J. Kameda, Y. Kataoka, S. Miki, S. Mine, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, Y. Noguchi, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, A. Takeda, H. K. Tanaka & T. Yano

  • Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    H. Adhkary, M. Girgus, P. Govindaraj, M. Posiadala-Zezula & Y. S. Prabhu

  • High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan

    R. Akutsu, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, T. Hasegawa, N. C. Hastings, Y. Hino, T. Ishida, T. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakayoshi, S. Nishimori, Y. Oyama, A. J. Portocarrero Yrey, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, S. Y. Suzuki, M. Tada, H. Tanigawa & T. Tsukamoto

  • Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

    H. Alarakia-Charles, T. Dealtry, A. J. Finch, R. J. Harris, T. P. Jones, L. L. Kormos, M. Lawe, H. M. O’Keeffe, P. N. Ratoff & A. J. Speers

  • School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

    Y. I. Alj Hakim, S. L. Cartwright, L. Kneale, T. Peacock, P. Stowell & H. T. Wallace

  • Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    S. Alonso Monsalve, K. Lachner, B. Li, A. Rubbia, D. Sgalaberna & X. Y. Zhao

  • Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

    L. Anthony, K. A. Apte, E. T. Atkin, A. A. L. Craplet, P. Dunne, P. Jonsson, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Klustová, C. Lin, D. G. R. Martin, J. McKean, C. E. R. Naseby, J. C. Nugent, J. Pasternak, M. Pfaff, M. Scott, Y. Uchida, C. Wret & T. Zhu

  • Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

    S. Aoki, A. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi & H. Zhong

  • Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    T. Arai, A. Eguchi, D. Ferlewicz, H. Kobayashi, S. Kodama, K. Nakagiri, Y. Nakajima, W. Okinaga, M. Yokoyama & Y. Yoshimoto

  • Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan

    T. Arihara, Y. Furui, H. Kakuno & T. Sekiya

  • Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    S. Arimoto, L. Feng, S. Han, J. Hu, M. Kawaue, T. Kikawa, T. Nakaya, N. Onda, N. Tran, R. Wendell & N. Yoshimura

  • Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan

    Y. Ashida, L. Berns, I. Heitkamp, A. K. Ichikawa, K. D. Nakamura, S. Tairafune & D. Wakabayashi

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    N. Babu, S. Bhattacharjee, T. Kutter, T. Schefke & M. Tzanov

  • Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

    G. J. Barker, S. B. Boyd, D. R. Hadley, M. Lamers James & X. Lu

  • Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK

    G. Barr, D. Barrow, L. Bathe-Peters, N. Baudis, K. E. Duffy, T. Holvey, W. Li, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko & Y. Yang

  • Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    P. Bates, J. Coleman, S. J. Jenkins, K. Mavrokoridis, N. McCauley, C. Metelko, D. Payne, E. M. Sandford & C. Touramanis

  • The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland

    M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, T. Wachala, A. Zalewska & G. Zarnecki

  • Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Università e Politecnico di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

    V. Berardi, N. F. Calabria, M. G. Catanesi, L. Magaletti, N. Ospina, E. Radicioni & R. Spina

  • European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

    A. Blanchet, S. Dolan, C. M. Hasnip, L. Munteanu & E. Villa

  • DPNC, Section de Physique, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    A. Blondel, S. Bordoni, F. Cadoux, S. Cap, D. Douqa, L. Giannessi, S. Karpova, V. S. Kasturi, S. Samani, F. Sánchez, C. M. Schloesser & E. Villa

  • Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France

    A. Blondel, A. Chalumeau, C. Dalmazzone, G. Diaz Lopez, J. Dumarchez, C. Giganti, M. Guigue, M. Martini, B. Popov, L. Russo, W. Saenz, U. Virginet & M. Zito

  • IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    P. M. M. Boistier, S. Bolognesi, T. Daret, S. Emery-Schrenk, G. Eurin, S. Hassani, D. Henaff, S. Joshi, J.-F. Laporte & G. Vasseur

  • Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan

    C. Bronner, Y. Kudo, A. Minamino & S. Moriyama

  • Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

    A. Bubak, J. Holeczek, J. Kisiel & S. M. Lakshmi

  • Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France

    M. Buizza Avanzini, D. Carabadjac, O. Drapier, A. Ershova, Th. A. Mueller, A. Muñoz, V. Q. Nguyen, L. Osu & B. Quilain

  • Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

    J. A. Caballero, R. González Jiménez, J. González Rosa & G. D. Megias

  • Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), International Centre for Interdisciplinary Science and Education, Quy Nhon, Vietnam

    S. Cao & P. T. Quyen

  • Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    D. Carabadjac

  • Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    M. P. Casado, T. Lux, L. Martinez, E. W. Miller & M. Varghese

  • Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    M. P. Casado

  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    J. Chakrani, C. Wilkinson & K. Wood

  • Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy

    G. Collazuol, D. D’ago, M. Feltre, C. Forza, M. Grassi, M. Laveder, S. Levorato, A. Longhin, M. Mezzetto & F. Pupilli

  • TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    F. Cormier, A. Konaka & J. Zhang

  • Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    A. Cudd, A. D. Marino, M. Reh & E. D. Zimmerman

  • Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

    P. Dasgupta & Y. Nagai

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    C. Davis, A. C. Germer, C. Mauger & M. A. Ramirez

  • Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

    P. de Perio, Y. Hayato, C. Jesús-Valls, E. Kearns, Y. Koshio, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, T. Nakaya, K. Okumura, K. Scholberg, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, H. Sobel, Y. Takeuchi, H. K. Tanaka, M. Vagins & M. Yokoyama

  • Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

    G. De Rosa, A. Langella & L. Lavitola

  • STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK

    C. Densham, M. D. Fitton, R. J. Harris, A. Holin, F. Nova, L. Pickering, T. Vladisavljevic, D. Wark & M. O. Wascko

  • Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland

    R. Dharmapal Banerjee, H. Prasad & J. T. Sobczyk

  • Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, UK

    F. Di Lodovico, T. Katori, S. King, N. Latham, S. V. Lewis, A. Lopez Moreno, R. Ramsden, J. R. Wilson & S. Zsoldos

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    T. A. Doyle, F. Y. Guo, M. Jia, J. J. Jiang, J. Y. Ji, C. K. Jung, S. L. Liu, K. K. Mahtani, C. McGrew, C. Riccio, A. Teklu, C. Yanagisawa, U. Yevarouskaya & H. Zheng

  • Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

    K. Dygnarowicz, R. Kurjata, A. Rychter & M. Ziembicki

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

    J. Elias, M. Lachat, D. Last, S. Manly & K. S. McFarland

  • Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, Tokai, Japan

    M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakayoshi, Y. Oyama, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, S. Y. Suzuki, M. Tada & T. Tsukamoto

  • Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan

    Y. Fukuda

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium

    J. García-Marcos, M. C. F. Hooft, N. Jachowicz, A. Kumar Jha & K. Niewczas

  • ILANCE, CNRS, University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Japan

    M. Gonin, A. Muñoz & B. Quilain

  • School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    E. A. G. Goodman, R. P. Litchfield, L. N. Machado, V. Mikola, P. Morrison, D. W. Riley & F. J. P. Soler

  • Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

    S. Han & K. Okumura

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    D. A. Harris, B. Radics, N. Roy & R. Zaki

  • International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam

    N. T. Hong Van

  • Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan

    T. Honjo, Y. Kawamura, T. Okusawa, Y. Seiya, K. Yamamoto & T. Yamamoto

  • Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Noda, Chiba, Japan

    M. Ishitsuka & Y. Sato

  • Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK

    A. C. Kaboth, D. H. Langridge & K. Skwarczynski

  • Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    E. Kearns, J. Mirabito & L. Wan

  • Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    L. Koch, L. O’Sullivan, G. Reina, A. Srivastava & A. Weber

  • Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

    Y. Koshio & Y. Shiraishi

  • National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland

    K. Kowalik, J. Lagoda, M. Mandal, T. Nosek, E. Rondio & J. Zalipska

  • Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    L. Labarga

  • South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA

    D. Leon Silverio & D. A. Martinez Caicedo

  • INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy

    L. Ludovici

  • IPSA-DRII, Ivry-sur-Seine, France

    M. Martini

  • Department of Physics, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    R. Matsumoto

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

    S. Mine, M. Smy, H. Sobel & M. Vagins

  • Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

    Y. Nakano

  • VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam

    D. T. Nguyen

  • Department of Physics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan

    Y. Nishimura & R. Okazaki

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    V. Paolone

  • Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

    P. T. Quyen

  • III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    S. Roth, D. Smyczek & N. Thamm

  • Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    K. Scholberg

  • Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka, Japan

    Y. Seiya & K. Yamamoto

  • School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    M. J. Wilking

  • SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    J. Xia

  • Science Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College, City Univerisity of New York, New York, NY, USA

    C. Yanagisawa

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    J. Zhang

    • The operation, Monte Carlo simulation and data analysis of the T2K and NOvA experiments are carried out by the T2K and NOvA Collaborations with contributions from all collaborators listed as authors on this paper. The scientific results presented here have been presented to and discussed by the full collaborations, and all authors have approved the final version of the paper.